Natural fragment · 67 amino acids

IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) studies and research data

PepBank has 150 IGF-1 DES studies with results. 113 of them gave IGF-1 DES, with 335 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Searches 335 results and 217 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC

Results in people

0% of 335 results

Results in animals

148

44% of 335 results

Results in lab cells

187

56% of 335 results

From computer models

0% of 335 results

The molecule

IGF-1 DES identity

Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.

IGF-1 DES contains residues 4 to 70 of mature human IGF-1. These correspond to UniProt P05019 positions 52 to 118. GSRS records one 67-residue chain with three disulfide bonds. It is a naturally occurring truncated IGF-1 form, also produced for research. The query requires DES naming, so native IGF-1, LR3 or MGF alone do not qualify. Much of the literature can concern cell-culture reagent use.

Kind: Natural fragment · 67 residues
Identifiers: UniProtP05019 (opens in a new tab)UNIIAG0WVP88OA (opens in a new tab)CAS112603-35-7
Parent: Fragment of IGF-1, human · residues 52-118Natural N-terminal truncation removes Gly-Pro-Glu from mature IGF-1. GSRS sequence matches UniProt P05019 positions 52-118.
Development: UnknownNo human therapeutic phase was established from the reviewed identity and regulatory sources. No clinical trial registry search was completed. DES is distinct from mecasermin.

Targets

No molecular target is recorded for this peptide.

Sequence and structure

Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.

Sequence

67 amino acids · 3 disulfide bonds

H-

TLCGAELVDA

LQFVCGDRGF

YFNKPTGYGS

SSRRAPQTGI

VDECCFRSCD

LRRLEMYCAP

LKPAKSA

-OH

Alignment to IGF-1

Calculated from the two sequences. Curated notes are shown as given.

67 of 67 aligned residues identical (100%) · IGF-1 4–70

Top row: IGF-1 (parent)
Bottom row: IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)

TLCGAEL

VDALQFVCGD

RGFYFNKPTG

YGSSSRRAPQ

TGIVDECCFR

SCDLRRLEMY

CAPLKPAKSA

Same as parent
Substituted
Non-canonical or D-form
Added
Gap
Modified side chain or end
Parent context

No differences in the aligned region.

Basis: Natural N-terminal truncation removes Gly-Pro-Glu from mature IGF-1. GSRS sequence matches UniProt P05019 positions 52-118.

Calculated from the two sequences with @pepdb/chem alignToParent (ungapped unless a gap scores higher). The record’s curated notes are shown as given.

Properties

From identity sources

No formula or molecular weight is listed for IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I).

Calculated from the sequence

pKa set

Average mass: 7,365.41 Da; Sum of ExPASy residue masses + water + 3 disulfides · ExPASy Compute pI/Mw; FindMod
Monoisotopic mass: 7,360.4693 Da; Sum of ExPASy residue masses + water + 3 disulfides · ExPASy FindMod
Isoelectric point (pI): 9.69; pH of zero net charge, EMBOSS pKa set · EMBOSS iep, Epk.dat
Net charge at pH 7.4: 1.94; Henderson-Hasselbalch, EMBOSS pKa set · EMBOSS iep, Epk.dat
GRAVY (hydropathy): −0.204; Mean Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy · Kyte and Doolittle 1982; Negative: hydrophilic on average.
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (Cys reduced): 4,470 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam); No Trp: ExPASy reports more than 10 % error without Trp.
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (all Cys as cystines): 4,845 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr + 125 x cystine · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam)
Instability index: 67.21; Dipeptide instability weights (DIWV) · Guruprasad et al. 1990; Above 40: classed as possibly unstable (ExPASy).
Aliphatic index: 62.7; Mole % A + 2.9 V + 3.9 (I + L) · Ikai 1980
Boman index: 1.78 kcal/mol; Mean solubility value (negated) · Boman 2003; 2.48 or below: lower protein-binding potential (Boman).
Hydrophobic moment (μH): 0.465; Eisenberg scale, 100° per residue, best 11-residue window · Eisenberg et al. 1982, 1984
pI with each pKa set: EMBOSS 9.69Bjellqvist (ExPASy) 9.30IPC peptide 9.74IPC protein 9.04

Defined and validated for proteins; use with care for short peptides.
Assumes an ideal alpha helix. Many short peptides are not helical.

@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses

Net charge by pH

pI 9.69 · Net charge at pH 7.4: 1.94

Point or use arrow keys

Henderson-Hasselbalch, EMBOSS pKa set, 3 disulfide. Calculated, not measured.

Show as table

pH	Net charge
0	10.00
1	9.99
2	9.90
3	9.13
4	5.73
5	2.67
6	2.07
7	1.98
8	1.77
9	1.02
10	−0.72
11	−3.68
12	−6.23
13	−9.54
14	−10.81

Composition

Hydrophobic25% (17)A I L M V
Aromatic10% (7)F Y
Positive13% (9)K R
Negative10% (7)D E
Polar16% (11)N Q S T
Special24% (16)C G P

67 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.

A Ala6 · 9%

I Ile1 · 1%

L Leu6 · 9%

M Met1 · 1%

V Val3 · 4%

F Phe4 · 6%

W Trp0 · 0%

Y Tyr3 · 4%

H His0 · 0%

K Lys3 · 4%

R Arg6 · 9%

D Asp4 · 6%

E Glu3 · 4%

N Asn1 · 1%

Q Gln2 · 3%

S Ser5 · 7%

T Thr3 · 4%

C Cys6 · 9%

G Gly6 · 9%

P Pro4 · 6%

3D structure

PredictedAlphaFold DB · P05019

Loads the 3D viewer (3Dmol.js, about 150 KB) and the model file from AlphaFold DB (EMBL-EBI).

Helical wheel

An ideal alpha-helix projection. It shows where the hydrophobic residues fall if the peptide folds as a helix. It does not show that it does.

μH, residues shown: 0.081
μH, best 11-residue window: 0.465
Arrow direction: 264°
Residues: 1–54 of 67 · 3 rings of 18

HydrophilicHydrophobic

Eisenberg consensus (normalized) scale · + K, R · − D, E

Assumes an ideal α-helix: 100° per residue, 3.6 residues per turn. The arrow is the mean hydrophobic moment (Eisenberg et al. 1984) and points at the hydrophobic face.

Show as table

Position	Residue	Angle	Eisenberg consensus (normalized)
1	T	0°	-0.05
2	L	100°	1.06
3	C	200°	0.29
4	G	300°	0.48
5	A	40°	0.62
6	E	140°	-0.74
7	L	240°	1.06
8	V	340°	1.08
9	D	80°	-0.90
10	A	180°	0.62
11	L	280°	1.06
12	Q	20°	-0.85
13	F	120°	1.19
14	V	220°	1.08
15	C	320°	0.29
16	G	60°	0.48
17	D	160°	-0.90
18	R	260°	-2.53
19	G	0°	0.48
20	F	100°	1.19
21	Y	200°	0.26
22	F	300°	1.19
23	N	40°	-0.78
24	K	140°	-1.50
25	P	240°	0.12
26	T	340°	-0.05
27	G	80°	0.48
28	Y	180°	0.26
29	G	280°	0.48
30	S	20°	-0.18
31	S	120°	-0.18
32	S	220°	-0.18
33	R	320°	-2.53
34	R	60°	-2.53
35	A	160°	0.62
36	P	260°	0.12
37	Q	0°	-0.85
38	T	100°	-0.05
39	G	200°	0.48
40	I	300°	1.38
41	V	40°	1.08
42	D	140°	-0.90
43	E	240°	-0.74
44	C	340°	0.29
45	C	80°	0.29
46	F	180°	1.19
47	R	280°	-2.53
48	S	20°	-0.18
49	C	120°	0.29
50	D	220°	-0.90
51	L	320°	1.06
52	R	60°	-2.53
53	R	160°	-2.53
54	L	260°	1.06

Results by area

IGF-1 DES results by year and outcome

Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Studies by year

150 of 217 studies have results (69%), published 1988 to 2022. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I), by class. The rows use different scales.

Studies
Human
Animal
Lab
Computer model
Natural levels, tool or combination only

Studies217 in all, 1980 to 2022

Studies with results150 in all, 1988 to 2022

Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

What the studies measured

People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

IGF-1 DES studies on weight and appetite

27 results · people 0 · animals 27 · lab 0

Top 5 of 27 results

In rats, des-IGF-I increased body weight gain compared with resected controls.Gastroenterology, 1992
In rats, des(1‑3)IGF-I improved food utilization compared with vehicle.Mineral and electrolyte metabolism, 1992
In rats after gut surgery, all treatment groups, including des-(1-3)IGF-I, had heavier kidneys.The American journal of physiology, 1991
In mice, lower-dose des(1‑3)IGF-I increased heart weight compared with controls.The Journal of endocrinology, 1990
In mice, higher-dose des(1‑3)IGF-I increased stomach weight.The Journal of endocrinology, 1990

IGF-1 DES studies on blood levels and clearance

28 results · people 0 · animals 25 · lab 3

Top 5 of 28 results

In goats, des-IGF-I infusion raised plasma IGF-I concentrations above saline infusion.The Journal of endocrinology, 1995
In lambs, net transfer of des(1‑3)IGF-I to intestinal tissue, luminal contents and lymph was similar to IGF-I and LR3IGF-I.The Journal of endocrinology, 1994
In cells, labeled des(1‑3)IGF-I crossed human blood vessel cell layers faster than labeled IGF-I.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2004
In animals, des(1‑3)IGF-1 remained in blood for less time than IGF-1.Neuroendocrinology, 2000
In lambs, des(1‑3)IGF-I breakdown in intestinal tissue was similar to that of IGF-I and LR3IGF-I.The Journal of endocrinology, 1994

IGF-1 DES studies on muscles and tendons

31 results · people 0 · animals 15 · lab 16

Top 5 of 31 results

In rats, des(1‑3)IGF-I reduced muscle protein degradation compared with vehicle.Mineral and electrolyte metabolism, 1992
In rats with diabetes, des(1‑3)IGF-I increased muscle protein synthesis, with IGF-I the least potent tested peptide.The Biochemical journal, 1993
In rats after gut surgery, des-(1-3)IGF-I improved nitrogen balance compared with controls.The American journal of physiology, 1991
In rats with diabetes, des(1‑3)IGF-I increased muscle RNA levels, with IGF-I the least potent tested peptide.The Biochemical journal, 1993
In rats with restricted dietary nitrogen, des(1‑3)IGF-I did not significantly change unadjusted nitrogen balance.The Journal of endocrinology, 1991

IGF-1 DES studies on kidneys and bladder

15 results · people 0 · animals 14 · lab 1

Top 3 of 15 results

In rats, des(1‑3)IGF-I reduced serum urea compared with vehicle.Mineral and electrolyte metabolism, 1992
In rats, des(1‑3)IGF-I restored kidney filtration rate compared with vehicle.Regulatory peptides, 1993
In animals with kidney transplants, des(1‑3)IGF-I improved early graft function.Transplantation, 1997

IGF-1 DES studies on stomach and gut

15 results · people 0 · animals 13 · lab 2

Top 3 of 15 results

In rats, des-IGF-I increased duodenojejunal DNA content compared with resected controls.Gastroenterology, 1992
In rats after bowel resection, des(1‑3)IGF-I reduced fat malabsorption.Growth factors, 1994
In rats, des-IGF-I increased duodenojejunal protein content compared with resected controls.Gastroenterology, 1992

IGF-1 DES studies on growth hormone and growth

22 results · people 0 · animals 12 · lab 10

Top 3 of 22 results

In rats, des-IGF-I increased circulating IGFBP-3 compared with resected controls.Gastroenterology, 1992
In rats with restricted dietary nitrogen, des(1‑3)IGF-I did not measurably prevent lower blood IGF-I levels.The Journal of endocrinology, 1991
In rats with diabetes, des(1‑3)IGF-I increased IGF-binding proteins.The Biochemical journal, 1991

IGF-1 DES studies on receptors and cell signals

94 results · people 0 · animals 10 · lab 84

Top 5 of 94 results

In goats, des-IGF-I infusion increased binding at BP-3 compared with saline.The Journal of endocrinology, 1995
In rats with diabetes, des(1‑3)IGF-1 reduced retinal inner nuclear layer IGF receptor staining versus untreated diabetic rats.International journal of experimental diabesity research, 2003
In lab tests, Des(1‑3)IGF-I did not release bound IGF-I from bovine cartilage, unlike unlabeled IGF-I.Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 2003
In cells from rats, des(1‑3)IGF-I increased DNA production.Endocrinology, 1997
In cells, des-(1-3)-IGF-I had effects on VEGF mRNA expression similar to IGF-I.Cancer research, 1998

IGF-1 DES studies on sex hormones and fertility

14 results · people 0 · animals 10 · lab 4

Top 5 of 14 results

In IGF-I-null animals, des IGF-I alone increased terminal end buds versus controls.Endocrinology, 1999
In rats without estradiol, des(1‑3) IGF-I increased mammary development compared with control pellets.Endocrinology, 1995
In mice lacking IGF-I, des(1‑3)-IGF-I partly restored prostate size.Endocrinology, 1999
In rats, des(1‑3)-IGF-I did not reproducibly increase mammary estrogen receptor levels.The Journal of endocrinology, 1999
In IGF-I-null animals, des(1‑3)IGF-I alone increased duct numbers from 15 to 24.5.Endocrinology, 1999

IGF-1 DES studies on blood sugar

6 results · people 0 · animals 5 · lab 1

Top 5 of 6 results

In rats with diabetes, des(1‑3)IGF-I did not improve glucose loss in urine.The Biochemical journal, 1991
In rats with diabetes, adding des(1‑3)IGF-I to insulin increased liver glycogen.Diabetes, 1996
In lab tests with rat islets, des(1‑3) IGF-I with glucose increased insulin release, which returned to control values within 30 minutes.The Journal of endocrinology, 1997
In crayfish, Des-1-3-IGF-I injection raised free glucose in abdominal muscle.General and comparative endocrinology, 1997
In pigs, des(1‑3)IGF-I lowered glucose more potently than the other tested IGF peptides.The Journal of endocrinology, 1997

IGF-1 DES studies on metabolism and nutrition

6 results · people 0 · animals 5 · lab 1

Top 4 of 6 results

In rats, des(1‑3)IGF-I improved nitrogen balance compared with vehicle.Mineral and electrolyte metabolism, 1992
In cells, des-(1-3)-IGF-1 reached half-maximal stimulation of protein production at 1.5 ng/ml.The Biochemical journal, 1989
In pigs, plasma amino acids decreased with increasing des(1‑3)IGF-I doses.The Journal of endocrinology, 1997
In rats after kidney ischaemia, des(1‑3)IGF-I improved nitrogen retention compared with vehicle.The Journal of endocrinology, 1994

IGF-1 DES studies on brain and nerves

8 results · people 0 · animals 4 · lab 4

Top 3 of 8 results

In rats after brain injury, 150 micrograms des-IGF-1 showed a trend toward less nerve cell loss.Endocrinology, 1996
In chick embryos, des(1‑3)IGF-I increased motoneuron survival as much as IGF-I.Journal of neurobiology, 1993
In rats after brain injury, 20 micrograms des-IGF-1 did not reduce nerve cell loss.Endocrinology, 1996

IGF-1 DES studies on autism and child development

4 results · people 0 · animals 4 · lab 0

Top 3 of 4 results

In rats, des-(1-3)-IGF-I induced mammary terminal end bud development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1992
In rats, des-(1-3)-IGF-I induced mammary alveolar structure formation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1992
In rats, des-(1-3)-IGF-I promoted mammary development more potently than intact IGF-I.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1992

IGF-1 DES studies on immune system and inflammation

12 results · people 0 · animals 2 · lab 10

Top 4 of 12 results

In rats, des(1‑3)IGF-I did not accelerate skin graft rejection.Transplantation, 1997
In rats, des-(1-3)-IGF-I did not show the reduction in cardiac myeloperoxidase activity reported for IGF-I.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1995
In cells from mice, des(1‑3)IGF-1 increased proliferation of freshly isolated macrophage precursors.Endocrine, 1998
In lab tests, des(1‑3)-IGF-I increased the response of human neutrophils.Regulatory peptides, 1993

IGF-1 DES studies on heart and blood vessels

2 results · people 0 · animals 2 · lab 0

2 results

In rats, des-(1-3)-IGF-I did not show the heart injury protection seen with IGF-I.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1995
In goats, des-IGF-I increased mammary blood flow more than IGF-I.The Journal of endocrinology, 1995

IGF-1 DES studies on cancer

19 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 19

Top 3 of 19 results

In cells, des-(1-3)IGF-I reversed growth inhibition by IGFBP-3 compared with IGFBP-3 alone.The Journal of biological chemistry, 1999
In cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells responded more strongly to des(1‑3)IGF-I than to IGF-I in a DNA synthesis test.Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2008
In cells, des-(1-3)-IGF-I slightly inhibited early colon cancer cell proliferation.International journal of cancer, 1992

IGF-1 DES studies on bones and joints

13 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 13

Top 3 of 13 results

In lab tests, des (1-3) IGF-I increased cartilage proteoglycan production, with a maximum effect similar to hrIGF-I.Journal of orthopaedic research, 2008
In cells, des(1‑3)IGF-I increased cartilage cell proliferation as dose increased.The Journal of endocrinology, 2000
In cells, des(1‑3)IGF-I increased IGF-binding protein production in bovine articular chondrocytes.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1995

IGF-1 DES studies on cells, genes and aging

9 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 9

Top 5 of 9 results

In lab tests with young rat brain slices, des (1-3) insulin-like growth factor-1 increased protein synthesis.Neuroscience, 1995
In cells, des-(1-3)-IGF-I promoted differentiation with substantial carcinoembryonic antigen release.International journal of cancer, 1992
In cells, des(1‑3)IGF-I increased cell growth.The American journal of physiology, 1995
In cells, des(1‑3)IGF-I maximally stimulated cell growth.European journal of endocrinology, 1996
In cells from human benign prostate enlargement, Des (1-3) IGF-I stimulated cell growth.Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2002

IGF-1 DES studies on skin, hair and wounds

6 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 6

Top 5 of 6 results

In cells, des(1‑3)IGF-I increased pigment cell growth as dose increased.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1999
In cells, des(1‑3)-IGF-I stimulated colon cell movement more potently than IGF-I.Gastroenterology, 1999
In cells, des(1‑3)IGF-I increased collagen gel contraction.Endocrinology, 1996
In cells, des(1‑3)IGF-I did not consistently change IGFBP-3 protein abundance.Journal of cellular physiology, 1999
In cells, des(1‑3)IGF-I produced less pigment cell growth than IGF-I at low concentrations.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1999

IGF-1 DES studies on side effects

3 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 3

3 results

In lab tests, mouse tongues treated with high concentrations of des(1‑3)IGF-I had abnormal shapes.The International journal of developmental biology, 2002
In lab tests, mouse tongues treated with high concentrations of des(1‑3)IGF-I had low cell density.The International journal of developmental biology, 2002
In lab tests, mouse tongues treated with high concentrations of des(1‑3)IGF-I had low hematoxylin and eosin staining intensity.The International journal of developmental biology, 2002

IGF-1 DES studies on liver

1 result · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 1

1 result

In cells from rats, des(1‑3)IGF-I increased hepatocyte growth factor levels.Endocrinology, 1997

Trials and papers

IGF-1 DES trials

Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.

StatusPhase

0 trials match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

No trial matches these filters.

Papers

Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.

Sort

Design

217 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.

Showing 25 of 217 studiesquery qry_ef085d490f245d6eeb81ed1f

Studies with results

150 studies in all, 21 on this page

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1995

2 results

Cardioprotective effect of insulin-like growth factor I in myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion.

Buerke et al. 1995Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Americacited by 269

PMID 7644533PMC41280DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.17.8031PUB-07644533

Rights unknown2 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given

Source link See results (2)

Animal study (in vivo) · 1999

10 results

Insulin-like growth factor I is essential for terminal end bud formation and ductal morphogenesis during mammary development.

Ruan et al. 1999Endocrinologycited by 173

PMID 10537134DOI 10.1210/endo.140.11.7095PUB-10537134

Full text at the publisher2 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given (plus 8 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (10)

Animal study (in vivo) · chick · 1993

4 results

Insulin-like growth factors: putative muscle-derived trophic agents that promote motoneuron survival.

Neff et al. 1993Journal of neurobiologycited by 172

PMID 8301266DOI 10.1002/neu.480241203PUB-08301266

Full text at the publisher3 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given

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In vitro (cells) · mouse · 1996

3 results

Insulin-like growth factor-II is an autocrine survival factor for differentiating myoblasts.

Stewart et al. 1996The Journal of biological chemistrycited by 148

PMID 8626686DOI 10.1074/jbc.271.19.11330PUB-08626686

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given (plus 2 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (3)

Not a test of IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) alone · 2000

2 results

Reduction in the chondrocyte response to insulin-like growth factor 1 in aging and osteoarthritis: studies in a non-human primate model of naturally occurring disease.

Loeser et al. 2000Arthritis and rheumatismcited by 137

PMID 11014363DOI 10.1002/1529-0131(200009)43:9<2110::aid-anr23>3.0.co;2-uPUB-11014363

Rights unknown2 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Source link See results (2)

In vitro (cells) · 1999

1 result

The matrix metalloproteinase-9 regulates the insulin-like growth factor-triggered autocrine response in DU-145 carcinoma cells.

Mañes et al. 1999The Journal of biological chemistrycited by 128

PMID 10066747DOI 10.1074/jbc.274.11.6935PUB-10066747

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given

Publisher page See results (1)

In vitro (cells) · rat · 1992

4 results

Novel recombinant fusion protein analogues of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I indicate the relative importance of IGF-binding protein and receptor binding for enhanced biological potency.

Francis et al. 1992Journal of molecular endocrinologycited by 122

PMID 1378742DOI 10.1677/jme.0.0080213PUB-01378742

Full text at the publisher4 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given

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Animal study (in vivo) · 2000

3 results

Interactions of IGF-1 with the blood-brain barrier in vivo and in situ.

Pan et al. 2000Neuroendocrinologycited by 118

PMID 11025411DOI 10.1159/000054584PUB-11025411

Full text at the publisher3 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given

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In vitro (cells) · 1998

1 result

Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human colon cancer by insulin-like growth factor-I.

Akagi et al. 1998Cancer researchcited by 115

PMID 9731515PUB-09731515

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given

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Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1995

2 results

Estradiol enhances the stimulatory effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on mammary development and growth hormone-induced IGF-I messenger ribonucleic acid.

Ruan et al. 1995Endocrinologycited by 106

PMID 7867584DOI 10.1210/endo.136.3.7867584PUB-07867584

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given (plus 1 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (2)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1996

3 results

The effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, and des-IGF-1 on neuronal loss after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in adult rats: evidence for a role for IGF binding proteins.

Guan et al. 1996Endocrinologyn = 20cited by 100

PMID 8603600DOI 10.1210/endo.137.3.8603600PUB-08603600

Full text at the publisher3 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given

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In vitro (cell-free) · 1996

1 result

Binding of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I or II to IGF-binding protein-2 enables it to bind to heparin and extracellular matrix.

Arai et al. 1996Endocrinologycited by 100

PMID 8895319DOI 10.1210/endo.137.11.8895319PUB-08895319

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given

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Not a test of IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) alone · 1999

1 result

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 is a growth inhibitory protein conserved in zebrafish.

Duan et al. 1999Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Americacited by 100

PMID 10611375PMC24810DOI 10.1073/pnas.96.26.15274PUB-10611375

Rights unknown1 result where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Source link See results (1)

Not a test of IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) alone · 2010

3 results

Mechano-transduction in osteoblastic cells involves strain-regulated estrogen receptor alpha-mediated control of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I receptor sensitivity to Ambient IGF, leading to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT-dependent Wnt/LRP5 receptor-independent activation of beta-catenin signaling.

Sunters et al. 2010The Journal of biological chemistrycited by 98

PMID 20042609PMC2838297DOI 10.1074/jbc.m109.027086PUB-20042609

Free to read · publisher termsCC BY-NC3 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Read at source See results (3)

Not a test of IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) alone · 1989

2 results

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins inhibit the biological activities of IGF-1 and IGF-2 but not des-(1-3)-IGF-1.

Ross et al. 1989The Biochemical journalcited by 90

PMID 2539101PMC1138350DOI 10.1042/bj2580267PUB-02539101

Rights unknown2 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Source link See results (2)

In vitro (cells) · 1996

1 result

Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor and binding proteins in transected nerves and cultured Schwann cells.

Cheng et al. 1996Journal of neurochemistrycited by 87

PMID 8592122DOI 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66020525.xPUB-08592122

Rights unknown1 result where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given

Source link See results (1)

In vitro (cells) · 1998

10 results

Insulin-like growth factors require phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to signal myogenesis: dominant negative p85 expression blocks differentiation of L6E9 muscle cells.

Kaliman et al. 1998Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)cited by 87

PMID 9440811DOI 10.1210/mend.12.1.0047PUB-09440811

Rights unknown3 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given (plus 7 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Source link See results (10)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1992

18 results

Truncated and native insulinlike growth factor I enhance mucosal adaptation after jejunoileal resection.

Vanderhoof et al. 1992Gastroenterologycited by 86

PMID 1375179DOI 10.1016/0016-5085(92)90318-sPUB-01375179

Full text at the publisher18 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given

Publisher page See results (18)

In vitro (cells) · 1993

3 results

Regulation and biological effect of endogenous insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 in human osteoblastic cells.

Conover et al. 1993The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 86

PMID 7684391DOI 10.1210/jcem.76.5.7684391PUB-07684391

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given (plus 2 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (3)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 1999

5 results

Evidence that insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone are required for prostate gland development.

Ruan et al. 1999Endocrinologycited by 83

PMID 10218945DOI 10.1210/endo.140.5.6721PUB-10218945

Full text at the publisher5 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was given

Publisher page See results (5)

Not a test of IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) alone · 1993

2 results

Characterization of the affinities of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins 1-4 for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-I/insulin hybrid, and IGF-I analogs.

Oh et al. 1993Endocrinologycited by 82

PMID 7679979DOI 10.1210/endo.132.3.7679979PUB-07679979

Full text at the publisher2 results where IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (2)

More studies

64 studies in all, 4 on this page

PubMed tag: none · 1994

Serum insulin-like growth factor-I in 1030 healthy children, adolescents, and adults: relation to age, sex, stage of puberty, testicular size, and body mass index.

Juul et al. 1994The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 492

PMID 8126152DOI 10.1210/jcem.78.3.8126152PUB-08126152

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

Indexing hint: Animal study · 1993

The nature of the trophic action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, des(1-3)-insulin-like growth factor-1, and basic fibroblast growth factor on mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons developing in culture.

Beck et al. 1993Neurosciencecited by 126

PMID 8095710DOI 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90534-mPUB-08095710

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

Indexing hint: Animal study · 2002

Structural, biochemical, and expression analysis of two distinct insulin-like growth factor I receptors and their ligands in zebrafish.

Maures et al. 2002Endocrinologycited by 124

PMID 11956169DOI 10.1210/endo.143.5.8768PUB-11956169

Rights unknown

Source link

PubMed tag: none · 2008

Quantification of human insulin-like growth factor-1 and qualitative detection of its analogues in plasma using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry.

Bredehöft et al. 2008Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCMcited by 82

PMID 18236437DOI 10.1002/rcm.3388PUB-18236437

Rights unknown

Source link

Newer studies

PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.

IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) studies: 150 papers with results

Page 1 of 3

The effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, and des-IGF-1 on neuronal loss after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in adult rats: evidence for a role for IGF binding proteins.
Guan J · Endocrinology · 1996
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results
Insulin-like growth factor I and its variant, des(1-3)IGF-I, improve nitrogen balance and food utilization in rats with renal failure.
Martin AA · Mineral and electrolyte metabolism · 1992
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 6 results
Pharmacokinetics and bioactivity of intact versus truncated IGF-I during a 24-h infusion into lactating goats.
Prosser CG · The Journal of endocrinology · 1995
Animal study (in vivo) · goat · 9 results
Cardioprotective effect of insulin-like growth factor I in myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion.
Buerke M · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1995
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2 results
Insulin-like growth factor I is essential for terminal end bud formation and ductal morphogenesis during mammary development.
Ruan W · Endocrinology · 1999
Animal study (in vivo) · 10 results
Insulin-like growth factors: putative muscle-derived trophic agents that promote motoneuron survival.
Neff NT · Journal of neurobiology · 1993
Animal study (in vivo) · chick · 4 results
Interactions of IGF-1 with the blood-brain barrier in vivo and in situ.
Pan W · Neuroendocrinology · 2000
Animal study (in vivo) · 3 results
Estradiol enhances the stimulatory effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on mammary development and growth hormone-induced IGF-I messenger ribonucleic acid.
Ruan W · Endocrinology · 1995
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2 results
Truncated and native insulinlike growth factor I enhance mucosal adaptation after jejunoileal resection.
Vanderhoof JA · Gastroenterology · 1992
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 18 results
Evidence that insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone are required for prostate gland development.
Ruan W · Endocrinology · 1999
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 5 results
Intact and amino-terminally shortened forms of insulin-like growth factor I induce mammary gland differentiation and development.
Ruan W · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1992
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
IGF-I and the truncated analogue des-(1-3)IGF-I enhance growth in rats after gut resection.
Lemmey AB · The American journal of physiology · 1991
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 7 results
Effects of full-length and truncated insulin-like growth factor-I on nitrogen balance and muscle protein metabolism in nitrogen-restricted rats.
Tomas FM · The Journal of endocrinology · 1991
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 11 results
Plasma clearance and tissue distribution of labelled insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II and des(1-3)IGF-I in rats.
Ballard FJ · The Journal of endocrinology · 1991
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 12 results
Increased weight gain, nitrogen retention and muscle protein synthesis following treatment of diabetic rats with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and des(1-3)IGF-I.
Tomas FM · The Biochemical journal · 1991
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 8 results
Treatment with IGF-I peptides improves function of the remnant gut following small bowel resection in rats.
Lemmey AB · Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) · 1994
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 10 results
The effect of GH on estrogen receptor expression in the rat mammary gland.
Feldman M · The Journal of endocrinology · 1999
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2 results
The effects of insulin/IGF-I on glucose and leucine metabolism in the redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus).
Richardson NA · General and comparative endocrinology · 1997
Animal study (in vivo) · cherax quadricarinatus · 1 result
IGF-I and its variant, des-(1-3)IGF-I, enhance growth in rats with reduced renal mass.
Martin AA · The American journal of physiology · 1991
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 5 results
Enhanced potency of truncated insulin-like growth factor-I (des(1-3)IGF-I) relative to IGF-I in lit/lit mice.
Gillespie C · The Journal of endocrinology · 1990
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 10 results
Des(1-3)IGF-1 treatment normalizes type 1 IGF receptor and phospho-Akt (Thr 308) immunoreactivity in predegenerative retina of diabetic rats.
Kummer A · International journal of experimental diabesity research · 2003
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 7 results
Effects of growth hormone and IGF-I on glomerular ultrafiltration in growth hormone-deficient rats.
Hirschberg R · Regulatory peptides · 1993
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 6 results
IGF-I variants which bind poorly to IGF-binding proteins show more potent and prolonged hypoglycaemic action than native IGF-I in pigs and marmoset monkeys.
Tomas FM · The Journal of endocrinology · 1997
Animal study (in vivo) · pig · 15 results
Insulin-like growth factor-I and more potent variants restore growth of diabetic rats without inducing all characteristic insulin effects.
Tomas FM · The Biochemical journal · 1993
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 15 results
Biodistribution of 125I-labeled des(1-3) insulin-like growth factor I in tumor-bearing nude mice and its in vitro catabolism.
Sun BF · Cancer research · 1997
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 7 results
Conjoint IGF-I and insulin infusion shows diverse interactive effects in diabetic rats.
Tomas FM · Diabetes · 1996
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 10 results
Insulin-like growth factor-I ameliorates delayed kidney graft function and the acute nephrotoxic effects of cyclosporine.
Maestri M · Transplantation · 1997
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I peptides in rats with acute renal failure.
Martin AA · The Journal of endocrinology · 1994
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 17 results
Transfer of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I from blood to intestine: comparison with IGFs that bind poorly to IGF-binding proteins.
Lord AP · The Journal of endocrinology · 1994
Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 10 results
The quantitative and functional relation between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins during human osteoarthritis.
Morales TI · Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2008
Ex vivo tissue · 3 results
Insulin-like growth factors-I and -II differentially regulate endogenous acetylcholine release from the rat hippocampal formation.
Kar S · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1997
Ex vivo tissue · rat · 1 result
Transport and binding of insulin-like growth factor I through articular cartilage.
Garcia AM · Archives of biochemistry and biophysics · 2003
Ex vivo tissue · bovine · 1 result
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) I and II bind to articular cartilage via the IGF-binding proteins.
Bhakta NR · The Journal of biological chemistry · 2000
Ex vivo tissue · bovine · 1 result
Insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulation of protein synthesis is attenuated in cerebral cortex of aging rats.
D'Costa AP · Neuroscience · 1995
Ex vivo tissue · rat · 2 results
Characterization of pituitary IGF-I receptors: modulation of prolactin and growth hormone.
Fruchtman S · American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2002
Ex vivo tissue · hybrid striped bass (morone saxatilis x m. chrysops) · 3 results
Des (1-3) IGF-I potently enhances differentiated cell growth in olfactory bulb organ culture.
Russo VC · Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) · 1994
Ex vivo tissue · rat · 6 results
IGF-I has a dual effect on insulin release from isolated, perifused adult rat islets of Langerhans.
Hill DJ · The Journal of endocrinology · 1997
Ex vivo tissue · rat · 1 result
Roles of insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in the differentiation of mouse tongue myoblasts.
Yamane A · The International journal of developmental biology · 2002
Ex vivo tissue · mouse · 5 results
Serum-free organ culture of suckling rat jejunum: effect of regulatory hormones.
Albert V · In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 1994
Ex vivo tissue · rat · 2 results
Insulin-like growth factor-II is an autocrine survival factor for differentiating myoblasts.
Stewart CE · The Journal of biological chemistry · 1996
In vitro (cells) · mouse · 3 results
The matrix metalloproteinase-9 regulates the insulin-like growth factor-triggered autocrine response in DU-145 carcinoma cells.
Mañes S · The Journal of biological chemistry · 1999
In vitro (cells) · 1 result
Novel recombinant fusion protein analogues of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I indicate the relative importance of IGF-binding protein and receptor binding for enhanced biological potency.
Francis GL · Journal of molecular endocrinology · 1992
In vitro (cells) · rat · 4 results
Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human colon cancer by insulin-like growth factor-I.
Akagi Y · Cancer research · 1998
In vitro (cells) · 1 result
Insulin-like growth factors require phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to signal myogenesis: dominant negative p85 expression blocks differentiation of L6E9 muscle cells.
Kaliman P · Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 1998
In vitro (cells) · 10 results
Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor and binding proteins in transected nerves and cultured Schwann cells.
Cheng HL · Journal of neurochemistry · 1996
In vitro (cells) · 1 result
Regulation and biological effect of endogenous insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 in human osteoblastic cells.
Conover CA · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 1993
In vitro (cells) · 3 results
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 modulates muscle differentiation through an insulin-like growth factor-dependent mechanism.
James PL · The Journal of cell biology · 1996
In vitro (cells) · 1 result
Effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors on proliferation of rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells.
Duleba AJ · Biology of reproduction · 1997
In vitro (cells) · rat · 2 results
Sensitive colorimetric bioassays for insulin-like growth factor (IGF) stimulation of cell proliferation and glucose consumption: use in studies of IGF analogs.
Okajima T · Endocrinology · 1992
In vitro (cells) · 2 results
Secretion of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and IGF-binding protein-2 by intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells: implications for autocrine growth regulation.
Park JH · Endocrinology · 1992
In vitro (cells) · rat · 1 result

Status and safety

Regulatory and safety

Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction, with date and source
Jurisdiction	Body	Status	As of	Source
US	FDA	The cited exact-name search returned HTTP 404 with No matches found. Four additional DES names also returned no matches. These searches do not establish approval absence under every name.	21 Oct 2026	api.fda.gov (opens in a new tab)
EU	EMA	The central catalogue contains 2,754 records. No DES identity match was found. Increlex contains mecasermin, not DES. National authorisations remain outside this check.	21 Oct 2026	ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab)
Sport	WADA	Banned in sport (WADA S2.3) IGF-1 and its analogues are prohibited at all times.	2026 List	wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab)

Safety outcomes

4 safety results for IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I).

No safety results from studies in people

The safety results below come from animal or lab studies. They do not show what happens in people.

Animal evidence· 1

In Lewis rats, des(1‑3)IGF-I did not accelerate skin allograft rejection.
Animal study (in vivo)rat
P value
0.57 NA
skin graft rejection

Lab evidence· 3

In mouse tongue organ cultures, high concentrations of des(1‑3)IGF-I were associated with abnormal tongue shape.
Ex vivo tissuemouse
In mouse tongue organ cultures, high concentrations of des(1‑3)IGF-I were associated with low cell density.
Ex vivo tissuemouse
In mouse tongue organ cultures, high concentrations of des(1‑3)IGF-I were associated with low hematoxylin and eosin staining intensity.
Ex vivo tissuemouse

Doses studied · 35

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

150 microgramsAnimal
Species
rat
Route
Lateral cerebral ventricle
Duration
Not reported
Design
Animal study (in vivo) · n = 20
20 microgramsAnimal
Species
rat
Route
Lateral cerebral ventricle
Duration
Not reported
Design
Animal study (in vivo) · n = 17
0.9 mg/kg/BW/dayAnimal
Species
rat
Route
subcutaneous osmotic pump
Duration
7 days
Design
Animal study (in vivo) · n = 16
2 microgramsAnimal
Species
rat
Route
Lateral cerebral ventricle
Duration
Not reported
Design
Animal study (in vivo) · n = 10
1.5 mg/kg per dayAnimal
Species
rat
Route
subcutaneous miniosmotic pump
Duration
7 days
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
0.96 mg/kg per dayAnimal
Species
rat
Route
Not reported
Duration
7 days
Design
Animal study (in vivo)

Doses studied in the study results, as given in the studies.
Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design
150 micrograms	Animal	rat	Lateral cerebral ventricle	Not reported	Animal study (in vivo) · n = 20
20 micrograms	Animal	rat	Lateral cerebral ventricle	Not reported	Animal study (in vivo) · n = 17
0.9 mg/kg/BW/day	Animal	rat	subcutaneous osmotic pump	7 days	Animal study (in vivo) · n = 16
2 micrograms	Animal	rat	Lateral cerebral ventricle	Not reported	Animal study (in vivo) · n = 10
1.5 mg/kg per day	Animal	rat	subcutaneous miniosmotic pump	7 days	Animal study (in vivo)
0.96 mg/kg per day	Animal	rat	Not reported	7 days	Animal study (in vivo)

6 of 35 shown

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Data

Data and API

Data version, change history and code for this peptide.

Data version 30856030 Oct 2026

Peptide

Peptide id: PEP-000084
Peptide version: 4
Peptide hash: c2dfd025c73928d2…
Data version: 308560

Latest changes

27 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 256705
22 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 254533
21 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 226600
21 Oct 2026CreatedData version 213629

For developers

curl -s https://pepbank.io/v1/briefs/igf-1-des

Evidence summary for IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I): counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.

Peptide as JSON Evidence summary as JSON

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Receptor activity and mechanismRespiratory	No results	Animal: 10 results from 3 studies: 5 increase, 5 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 84 results from 46 studies: 39 increase, 24 decrease, 18 no significant change, 1 mixed, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	94
Muscle injury and repairMusculoskeletal	No results	Animal: 15 results from 7 studies: 8 increase, 3 decrease, 3 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 16 results from 9 studies: 12 increase, 3 decrease, 1 mixed. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	31
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	No results	Animal: 25 results from 5 studies: 15 increase, 5 decrease, 3 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 3 studies: 2 increase, 1 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	28
Growth hormone and IGF-1Endocrine and hormones	No results	Animal: 12 results from 4 studies: 7 increase, 2 decrease, 2 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 10 results from 6 studies: 5 increase, 4 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	22
Tumor growthCancer	No results	No results	Lab: 19 results from 9 studies: 13 increase, 4 decrease, 2 no significant change. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	19
Body weightMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 15 results from 8 studies: 10 increase, 2 decrease, 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	15
Gastrointestinal protectionGastrointestinal	No results	Animal: 13 results from 2 studies: 5 increase, 2 decrease, 6 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	15
Kidney functionKidney and urinary	No results	Animal: 14 results from 4 studies: 6 increase, 3 decrease, 3 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	15
Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health	No results	Animal: 10 results from 4 studies: 8 increase, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 4 results from 3 studies: 3 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	14
Bone and jointMusculoskeletal	No results	No results	Lab: 13 results from 4 studies: 9 increase, 2 decrease, 1 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	13
Immune responseImmune and inflammation	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 10 results from 3 studies: 8 increase, 1 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	11
Body compositionRespiratory	No results	Animal: 9 results from 4 studies: 8 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	9

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Receptor activity and mechanismRespiratory	No results	Animal: 10 results from 3 studies: 5 increase, 5 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 84 results from 46 studies: 39 increase, 24 decrease, 18 no significant change, 1 mixed, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	94
Muscle injury and repairMusculoskeletal	No results	Animal: 15 results from 7 studies: 8 increase, 3 decrease, 3 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 16 results from 9 studies: 12 increase, 3 decrease, 1 mixed. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	31
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	No results	Animal: 25 results from 5 studies: 15 increase, 5 decrease, 3 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 3 studies: 2 increase, 1 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	28
Growth hormone and IGF-1Endocrine and hormones	No results	Animal: 12 results from 4 studies: 7 increase, 2 decrease, 2 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 10 results from 6 studies: 5 increase, 4 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	22
Tumor growthCancer	No results	No results	Lab: 19 results from 9 studies: 13 increase, 4 decrease, 2 no significant change. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	19
Body weightMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 15 results from 8 studies: 10 increase, 2 decrease, 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	15
Gastrointestinal protectionGastrointestinal	No results	Animal: 13 results from 2 studies: 5 increase, 2 decrease, 6 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	15
Kidney functionKidney and urinary	No results	Animal: 14 results from 4 studies: 6 increase, 3 decrease, 3 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	15
Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health	No results	Animal: 10 results from 4 studies: 8 increase, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 4 results from 3 studies: 3 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	14
Bone and jointMusculoskeletal	No results	No results	Lab: 13 results from 4 studies: 9 increase, 2 decrease, 1 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	13
Immune responseImmune and inflammation	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 10 results from 3 studies: 8 increase, 1 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	11
Body compositionRespiratory	No results	Animal: 9 results from 4 studies: 8 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	9

IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) studies and research data

IGF-1 DES identity

Targets

Sequence and structure

Sequence

Alignment to IGF-1

Properties

Net charge by pH

Composition

3D structure

Helical wheel

IGF-1 DES results by year and outcome

What the studies measured

IGF-1 DES studies on weight and appetite

IGF-1 DES studies on blood levels and clearance

IGF-1 DES studies on muscles and tendons

IGF-1 DES studies on kidneys and bladder

IGF-1 DES studies on stomach and gut

IGF-1 DES studies on growth hormone and growth

IGF-1 DES studies on receptors and cell signals

IGF-1 DES studies on sex hormones and fertility

IGF-1 DES studies on blood sugar

IGF-1 DES studies on metabolism and nutrition

IGF-1 DES studies on brain and nerves

IGF-1 DES studies on autism and child development

IGF-1 DES studies on immune system and inflammation

IGF-1 DES studies on heart and blood vessels

IGF-1 DES studies on cancer

IGF-1 DES studies on bones and joints

IGF-1 DES studies on cells, genes and aging

IGF-1 DES studies on skin, hair and wounds

IGF-1 DES studies on side effects

IGF-1 DES studies on liver

IGF-1 DES trials

Papers

Studies with results

Cardioprotective effect of insulin-like growth factor I in myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion.

Insulin-like growth factor I is essential for terminal end bud formation and ductal morphogenesis during mammary development.

Insulin-like growth factors: putative muscle-derived trophic agents that promote motoneuron survival.

Insulin-like growth factor-II is an autocrine survival factor for differentiating myoblasts.

Reduction in the chondrocyte response to insulin-like growth factor 1 in aging and osteoarthritis: studies in a non-human primate model of naturally occurring disease.

The matrix metalloproteinase-9 regulates the insulin-like growth factor-triggered autocrine response in DU-145 carcinoma cells.

Novel recombinant fusion protein analogues of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I indicate the relative importance of IGF-binding protein and receptor binding for enhanced biological potency.

Interactions of IGF-1 with the blood-brain barrier in vivo and in situ.

Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human colon cancer by insulin-like growth factor-I.

Estradiol enhances the stimulatory effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on mammary development and growth hormone-induced IGF-I messenger ribonucleic acid.

The effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, and des-IGF-1 on neuronal loss after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in adult rats: evidence for a role for IGF binding proteins.

Binding of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I or II to IGF-binding protein-2 enables it to bind to heparin and extracellular matrix.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 is a growth inhibitory protein conserved in zebrafish.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins inhibit the biological activities of IGF-1 and IGF-2 but not des-(1-3)-IGF-1.

Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor and binding proteins in transected nerves and cultured Schwann cells.

Insulin-like growth factors require phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to signal myogenesis: dominant negative p85 expression blocks differentiation of L6E9 muscle cells.

Truncated and native insulinlike growth factor I enhance mucosal adaptation after jejunoileal resection.

Regulation and biological effect of endogenous insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 in human osteoblastic cells.

Evidence that insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone are required for prostate gland development.

Characterization of the affinities of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins 1-4 for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-I/insulin hybrid, and IGF-I analogs.

More studies

Serum insulin-like growth factor-I in 1030 healthy children, adolescents, and adults: relation to age, sex, stage of puberty, testicular size, and body mass index.

The nature of the trophic action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, des(1-3)-insulin-like growth factor-1, and basic fibroblast growth factor on mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons developing in culture.

Structural, biochemical, and expression analysis of two distinct insulin-like growth factor I receptors and their ligands in zebrafish.

Quantification of human insulin-like growth factor-1 and qualitative detection of its analogues in plasma using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry.

Newer studies

IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) studies: 150 papers with results

Regulatory and safety

Animal evidence· 1

Lab evidence· 3

Doses studied · 35

Data and API

Peptide

Latest changes

For developers

Related peptides

IGF-1 DES results by year and outcome

IGF-1 DES studies on weight and appetite

IGF-1 DES studies on blood levels and clearance

IGF-1 DES studies on muscles and tendons

IGF-1 DES studies on kidneys and bladder

IGF-1 DES studies on stomach and gut

IGF-1 DES studies on growth hormone and growth

IGF-1 DES studies on receptors and cell signals