Skip to content

Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1992

18 results

Truncated and native insulinlike growth factor I enhance mucosal adaptation after jejunoileal resection.

Vanderhoof JA, McCusker RH, Clark R, Mohammadpour H, Blackwood DJ, Harty RF, Park JH

Gastroenterology1 Jun 1992Cited by 86 (Europe PMC)

PMID1375179 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/0016-5085(92)90318-s (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-01375179
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 18 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study18

18 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, food intake did not differ among des-IGF-I, IGF-I and control groups.

    In plain wordsIn rats, food intake did not differ between des-IGF-I, IGF-I and resected control groups.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    No significant changeFood intake
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    IGF-I and resected controls
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Ad libitum food intake did not differ among the three resected groups.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I produced greater body weight gain than resected controls.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I increased body weight gain compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    IncreaseBody weight gain
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected vehicle controls
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Body weight gains were greater in animals receiving des-IGF-I than in those receiving IGF-I, which were greater than resected controls.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I produced greater body weight gain than IGF-I.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I increased body weight gain more than IGF-I.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    IncreaseBody weight gain
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    IGF-I
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Body weight gains were greater in animals receiving des-IGF-I than in those receiving IGF-I, which were greater than resected controls.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased duodenojejunal DNA content.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I increased duodenojejunal DNA content compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    IncreaseDuodenojejunal DNA content
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected vehicle controls
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both IGF-I and des-IGF-I induced hyperplasia (increased DNA and protein content) in the duodenojejunum but not in the ileum.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased duodenojejunal protein content.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I increased duodenojejunal protein content compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    IncreaseDuodenojejunal protein content
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected vehicle controls
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both IGF-I and des-IGF-I induced hyperplasia (increased DNA and protein content) in the duodenojejunum but not in the ileum.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I did not induce increased ileal DNA content.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I did not increase ileal DNA content compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    No significant changeIleal DNA content
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected vehicle controls
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both IGF-I and des-IGF-I induced hyperplasia (increased DNA and protein content) in the duodenojejunum but not in the ileum.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I did not induce increased ileal protein content.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I did not increase ileal protein content compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    No significant changeIleal protein content
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected vehicle controls
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both IGF-I and des-IGF-I induced hyperplasia (increased DNA and protein content) in the duodenojejunum but not in the ileum.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased ileal sucrase activity compared with resected controls.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I increased ileal sucrase activity compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    IncreaseIleal sucrase activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected vehicle controls
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, sucrase, maltase, and leucine aminopeptidase activities were greater only in the ileum of animals receiving IGF-I and des-IGF-I than in resected controls.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased ileal maltase activity compared with resected controls.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I increased ileal maltase activity compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    IncreaseIleal maltase activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected vehicle controls
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, sucrase, maltase, and leucine aminopeptidase activities were greater only in the ileum of animals receiving IGF-I and des-IGF-I than in resected controls.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased ileal leucine aminopeptidase activity compared with resected controls.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I increased ileal leucine aminopeptidase activity compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    IncreaseIleal leucine aminopeptidase activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected vehicle controls
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, sucrase, maltase, and leucine aminopeptidase activities were greater only in the ileum of animals receiving IGF-I and des-IGF-I than in resected controls.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I and IGF-I were equally active in inducing duodenojejunal hyperplasia.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I and IGF-I had equal activity in inducing duodenojejunal tissue growth.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    No significant changeMucosal hyperplasia potency
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    IGF-I
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    IGF-I and des-IGF-I were equally active.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Both IGF-I and des-IGF-I induced hyperplasia (increased DNA and protein content) in the duodenojejunum but not in the ileum.
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  12. 12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased circulating IGFBP-3, with a smaller effect than IGF-I.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I increased circulating IGFBP-3 compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCirculating IGFBP-3
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected vehicle controls
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    IGF infusion (IGF-I greater than des-IGF-I) increased the levels of circulating IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2, which may act to modulate the biological effectiveness of the infused peptides.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  13. 13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased circulating IGFBP-2, with a smaller effect than IGF-I.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I increased circulating IGFBP-2 compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCirculating IGFBP-2
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected vehicle controls
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    IGF infusion (IGF-I greater than des-IGF-I) increased the levels of circulating IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2, which may act to modulate the biological effectiveness of the infused peptides.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  14. 14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased circulating IGFBP-3 less than IGF-I.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I increased circulating IGFBP-3 less than IGF-I.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating IGFBP-3 versus IGF-I
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    IGF-I
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    IGF infusion (IGF-I greater than des-IGF-I) increased the levels of circulating IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2, which may act to modulate the biological effectiveness of the infused peptides.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  15. 15AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased circulating IGFBP-2 less than IGF-I.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I increased circulating IGFBP-2 less than IGF-I.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating IGFBP-2 versus IGF-I
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    IGF-I
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    IGF infusion (IGF-I greater than des-IGF-I) increased the levels of circulating IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2, which may act to modulate the biological effectiveness of the infused peptides.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  16. 16AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased sucrase activity only in the ileum, with no increase in the duodenojejunum.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I did not increase duodenojejunal sucrase activity compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    No significant changeDuodenojejunal sucrase activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected controls
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, sucrase, maltase, and leucine aminopeptidase activities were greater only in the ileum of animals receiving IGF-I and des-IGF-I than in resected controls.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    All animals were killed 7 days postoperatively, and the remaining small intestine was removed and divided at the anastomotic site.
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  17. 17AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased maltase activity only in the ileum, with no increase in the duodenojejunum.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I did not increase duodenojejunal maltase activity compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    No significant changeDuodenojejunal maltase activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected controls
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, sucrase, maltase, and leucine aminopeptidase activities were greater only in the ileum of animals receiving IGF-I and des-IGF-I than in resected controls.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    All animals were killed 7 days postoperatively, and the remaining small intestine was removed and divided at the anastomotic site.
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).
  18. 18AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In resected rats, des-IGF-I increased leucine aminopeptidase activity only in the ileum, with no increase in the duodenojejunum.

    In plain wordsIn rats, des-IGF-I did not increase duodenojejunal leucine aminopeptidase activity compared with resected controls.

    Peptide
    IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
    Outcome
    No significant changeDuodenojejunal leucine aminopeptidase activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague-Dawley rats after 80% jejunoileal resection
    Comparator
    Resected controls
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.5 mg/kg per day · subcutaneous miniosmotic pump · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, sucrase, maltase, and leucine aminopeptidase activities were greater only in the ileum of animals receiving IGF-I and des-IGF-I than in resected controls.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    All animals were killed 7 days postoperatively, and the remaining small intestine was removed and divided at the anastomotic site.
    Summary · context
    To examine the in vivo effects of IGF-I on mucosal adaptation, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 80% jejunoileal resection.
    Summary · context
    Miniosmotic pumps were then inserted under the skin immediately after resection to deliver vehicle (resected control), 1.5 mg/kg per day of IGF-I, or 1.5 mg/kg per day of des-(1-3)-IGF-I (des-IGF-I).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    21 Oct 2026, 13:52 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.