IGF-I variants which bind poorly to IGF-binding proteins show more potent and prolonged hypoglycaemic action than native IGF-I in pigs and marmoset monkeys.

Tomas FM, Walton PE, Dunshea FR, Ballard FJ

The Journal of endocrinology1 Nov 1997Cited by 12 (Europe PMC)

PMID9415072DOI10.1677/joe.0.1550377PepBankPUB-09415072

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study15

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs, LR3IGF-I was a more potent hypoglycaemic agent than native IGF-I.
In plain wordsIn pigs, LR3IGF-I lowered blood glucose more strongly than native IGF-I.
Peptide
IGF-1 LR3
Outcome
DecreasePlasma glucose lowering potency compared with IGF-I
Study
pign: not reported in source
Comparator
IGF-I
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight · bolus injectionAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
Thus, hypoglycaemic potency was in the order IGF-I < long-IGF-I < R3IGF-I approximately LR3IGF-I < des (1-3)IGF-I.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
Summary · context
Doses in the pig were 20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight for the IGFs and 3 micrograms/kg for insulin.
Report a problemFND-0941507201
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs, LR3IGF-I was more potent than IGF-I in reducing plasma amino acids, the only analogue to be so.
In plain wordsIn pigs, LR3IGF-I lowered blood amino acids more strongly than IGF-I, unlike the other variants tested.
Peptide
IGF-1 LR3
Outcome
DecreasePlasma amino acid reduction compared with IGF-I
Study
pign: not reported in source
Comparator
IGF-I
Outcome group
Protein and amino acid metabolism · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight · bolus injectionAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
There was a dose-related reduction in plasma amino acids in the pig but, unlike the case for plasma glucose, only one analogue, LR3IGF-I was more potent than IGF-I.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
Summary · context
Doses in the pig were 20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight for the IGFs and 3 micrograms/kg for insulin.
Report a problemFND-0941507202
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs, the response to LR3IGF-I was accentuated at the high dose.
In plain wordsIn pigs, the response to LR3IGF-I was stronger at the high dose.
Peptide
IGF-1 LR3
Outcome
Direction not reportedPlasma amino acid response at high dose
Study
pign: not reported in source
Outcome group
Protein and amino acid metabolism · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight · bolus injectionAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
The response to LR3IGF-I was accentuated at the high dosage but on the basis of the other variants tested this effect could not be ascribed to either of the incorporated molecular variations.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
Summary · context
Doses in the pig were 20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight for the IGFs and 3 micrograms/kg for insulin.
Report a problemFND-0941507203
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement
In pigs, des(1‑3)IGF-I had the highest hypoglycaemic potency among the tested IGF peptides.
In plain wordsIn pigs, des(1‑3)IGF-I lowered glucose more potently than the other tested IGF peptides.
Peptide
IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
Outcome
IncreaseRelative hypoglycaemic potency ranking
Study
pign: not reported in source
Acute hypoglycaemia experiments
Comparator
IGF-I, long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and LR3IGF-I
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight · bolus injectionAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
Thus, hypoglycaemic potency was in the order IGF-I < long-IGF-I < R3IGF-I approximately LR3IGF-I < des (1-3)IGF-I.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
Summary · context
Doses in the pig were 20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight for the IGFs and 3 micrograms/kg for insulin.
Summary · context
In each study serial blood samples were taken from 30 min before to 4 h after the bolus injection.
Report a problemFND-0941507209
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement
In pigs, des(1‑3)IGF-I showed a dose-related reduction in plasma amino acids.
In plain wordsIn pigs, plasma amino acids decreased with increasing des(1‑3)IGF-I doses.
Peptide
IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
Outcome
DecreasePlasma amino acids
Study
pign: not reported in source
Acute hypoglycaemia experiments
Outcome group
Protein and amino acid metabolism · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight · bolus injectionAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
There was a dose-related reduction in plasma amino acids in the pig but, unlike the case for plasma glucose, only one analogue, LR3IGF-I was more potent than IGF-I.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
Summary · context
Doses in the pig were 20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight for the IGFs and 3 micrograms/kg for insulin.
Summary · context
In each study serial blood samples were taken from 30 min before to 4 h after the bolus injection.
Report a problemFND-0941507213
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement
In pigs, des(1‑3)IGF-I was not more potent than IGF-I in lowering plasma amino acids.
In plain wordsIn pigs, des(1‑3)IGF-I did not lower plasma amino acids more potently than IGF-I.
Peptide
IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
Outcome
No significant changeAmino acid lowering potency
Study
pign: not reported in source
Acute hypoglycaemia experiments
Comparator
IGF-I
Outcome group
Protein and amino acid metabolism · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight · bolus injectionAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
There was a dose-related reduction in plasma amino acids in the pig but, unlike the case for plasma glucose, only one analogue, LR3IGF-I was more potent than IGF-I.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
Summary · context
Doses in the pig were 20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight for the IGFs and 3 micrograms/kg for insulin.
Summary · context
In each study serial blood samples were taken from 30 min before to 4 h after the bolus injection.
Report a problemFND-0941507214

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

07AnimalNot a test of IGF-1 LR3 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs and marmosets, IGF-I and its variants lowered plasma glucose in a dose-responsive manner, with the pig more sensitive.
In plain wordsIn pigs and marmosets, IGF-I and its variants lowered blood glucose in a dose-related way, and pigs were more sensitive.
Peptide
IGF-1 LR3
Outcome
DecreasePlasma glucose lowering by IGF-I and variants
Study
pig and marmosetn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Maximum plasma glucose lowering
4.8 mmol/l
pig
Maximum plasma glucose lowering
3.7 mmol/l
conscious marmoset
Maximum plasma glucose lowering
2.5 mmol/l
anaesthetised marmoset
Source sentences
Summary
Plasma glucose levels were decreased in a dose-responsive manner with the pig more sensitive than either the conscious or anaesthetised marmoset (maximum lowering 4.8, 3.7 and 2.5 mmol/l respectively).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
Summary · context
Doses in the pig were 20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight for the IGFs and 3 micrograms/kg for insulin.
In this study, IGF-1 LR3 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking IGF-1 LR3.
Report a problemFND-0941507204
08AnimalNot a test of IGF-1 LR3 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs and marmosets, the IGF-I variants as a group were 2- to 3-fold more potent than IGF-I for lowering plasma glucose.
In plain wordsIn pigs and marmosets, the IGF-I variants as a group lowered blood glucose 2 to 3 times more strongly than IGF-I.
Peptide
IGF-1 LR3
Outcome
DecreasePotency of IGF-I variants for glucose lowering
Study
pig and marmosetn: not reported in source
Comparator
IGF-I
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Potency relative to IGF-I
2 to 3 fold
IGF-I variants
Source sentences
Summary
The IGF variants were consistently 2- to 3-fold more potent than IGF-I in each animal for lowering of plasma glucose to the nadir, with the potency reflecting the relative affinities for binding to the IGFBPs and the IGF-I receptors.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
Summary · context
Doses in the pig were 20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight for the IGFs and 3 micrograms/kg for insulin.
In this study, IGF-1 LR3 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking IGF-1 LR3.
Report a problemFND-0941507205
09AnimalNot a test of IGF-1 LR3 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs and marmosets, the IGF-I variants as a group suppressed plasma glucose over a much longer period than IGF-I, with an approximately 4- to 8-fold greater cumulative suppression over four hours.
In plain wordsIn pigs and marmosets, the IGF-I variants as a group kept blood glucose low for much longer than IGF-I.
Peptide
IGF-1 LR3
Outcome
DecreaseDuration of glucose suppression by IGF-I variants
Study
pig and marmosetn: not reported in source
Comparator
IGF-I
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Cumulative hypoglycaemia over 4 h relative to IGF-I
4 to 8 fold
IGF-I variants
Source sentences
Summary
Notably the variants suppressed plasma glucose levels over a much longer period than did IGF-I, the cumulative suppression over four hours showing an approximately 4- to 8-fold increase in the extent of hypoglycaemia.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
Summary · context
Doses in the pig were 20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight for the IGFs and 3 micrograms/kg for insulin.
In this study, IGF-1 LR3 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking IGF-1 LR3.
Report a problemFND-0941507206
10AnimalNot a test of IGF-1 LR3 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs and marmosets, at doses equipotent for glucose lowering, the cumulative hypoglycaemic effect of the IGF-I variants was about 2-fold that of IGF-I.
In plain wordsIn pigs and marmosets, at doses that lowered glucose equally, the IGF-I variants had about twice the total glucose-lowering effect of IGF-I.
Peptide
IGF-1 LR3
Outcome
DecreaseCumulative hypoglycaemic effect at equipotent doses
Study
pig and marmosetn: not reported in source
Comparator
IGF-I
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Cumulative hypoglycaemic effect relative to IGF-I
2 fold
IGF-I variants
Source sentences
Summary
The prolonged suppression was not simply proportional to the hypoglycaemic nadir; at doses equipotent for glucose lowering, the cumulative hypoglycaemic effect for the variants in either species was about 2-fold that for IGF-I.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
Summary · context
Doses in the pig were 20 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight for the IGFs and 3 micrograms/kg for insulin.
In this study, IGF-1 LR3 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking IGF-1 LR3.
Report a problemFND-0941507207
11AnimalNot a test of IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement
In pigs and marmosets, pooled IGF variants including des(1‑3)IGF-I lowered glucose to its nadir more potently than IGF-I.
In plain wordsIn pigs and marmosets, pooled IGF variants including des(1‑3)IGF-I lowered glucose more potently than IGF-I.
Peptide
IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
Outcome
IncreaseGlucose nadir potency of pooled variants
Study
Pig and marmosetn: not reported in source
Acute hypoglycaemia experiments
Comparator
IGF-I
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Relative glucose-lowering potency
2 to 3 fold
IGF variants versus IGF-I
Source sentences
Summary
The IGF variants were consistently 2- to 3-fold more potent than IGF-I in each animal for lowering of plasma glucose to the nadir, with the potency reflecting the relative affinities for binding to the IGFBPs and the IGF-I receptors.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The relative acute hypoglycaemic potencies of IGF-I and several variants of IGF-I which bind poorly to the IGF-I binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been examined in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and the pig.
Summary · context
In the marmoset study, IGF-I and des(1-3)IGF-I were compared in anaesthetised and conscious animals in a range of bolus doses from 42 to 270 micrograms/kg body weight.
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
In this study, IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I).
Report a problemFND-0941507208
12AnimalNot a test of IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement
In pigs and marmosets, pooled IGF variants including des(1‑3)IGF-I suppressed plasma glucose longer than IGF-I.
In plain wordsIn pigs and marmosets, pooled IGF variants including des(1‑3)IGF-I suppressed blood glucose longer than IGF-I.
Peptide
IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
Outcome
IncreaseDuration of glucose suppression by pooled variants
Study
Pig and marmosetn: not reported in source
Acute hypoglycaemia experiments
Comparator
IGF-I
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Notably the variants suppressed plasma glucose levels over a much longer period than did IGF-I, the cumulative suppression over four hours showing an approximately 4- to 8-fold increase in the extent of hypoglycaemia.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The relative acute hypoglycaemic potencies of IGF-I and several variants of IGF-I which bind poorly to the IGF-I binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been examined in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and the pig.
Summary · context
In the marmoset study, IGF-I and des(1-3)IGF-I were compared in anaesthetised and conscious animals in a range of bolus doses from 42 to 270 micrograms/kg body weight.
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
In this study, IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I).
Report a problemFND-0941507210
13AnimalNot a test of IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement
In pigs and marmosets, pooled IGF variants including des(1‑3)IGF-I produced greater cumulative hypoglycaemia than IGF-I over four hours.
In plain wordsIn pigs and marmosets, pooled IGF variants including des(1‑3)IGF-I produced greater cumulative glucose suppression than IGF-I.
Peptide
IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
Outcome
IncreaseCumulative glucose suppression by pooled variants
Study
Pig and marmosetn: not reported in source
Acute hypoglycaemia experiments
Comparator
IGF-I
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Relative cumulative hypoglycaemia
4 to 8 fold
IGF variants versus IGF-I over four hours
Source sentences
Summary
Notably the variants suppressed plasma glucose levels over a much longer period than did IGF-I, the cumulative suppression over four hours showing an approximately 4- to 8-fold increase in the extent of hypoglycaemia.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The relative acute hypoglycaemic potencies of IGF-I and several variants of IGF-I which bind poorly to the IGF-I binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been examined in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and the pig.
Summary · context
In the marmoset study, IGF-I and des(1-3)IGF-I were compared in anaesthetised and conscious animals in a range of bolus doses from 42 to 270 micrograms/kg body weight.
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
In this study, IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I).
Report a problemFND-0941507211
14AnimalNot a test of IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement
In pigs and marmosets, pooled IGF variants produced greater cumulative hypoglycaemia than IGF-I at doses with equivalent glucose-lowering potency.
In plain wordsIn pigs and marmosets, pooled IGF variants produced greater cumulative glucose suppression than IGF-I at doses with equal initial potency.
Peptide
IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
Outcome
IncreaseCumulative hypoglycaemia at equipotent doses
Study
Pig and marmosetn: not reported in source
Acute hypoglycaemia experiments
Comparator
IGF-I
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Relative cumulative hypoglycaemic effect
≈ 2 fold
variants versus IGF-I at equipotent doses
Source sentences
Summary
The prolonged suppression was not simply proportional to the hypoglycaemic nadir; at doses equipotent for glucose lowering, the cumulative hypoglycaemic effect for the variants in either species was about 2-fold that for IGF-I.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The relative acute hypoglycaemic potencies of IGF-I and several variants of IGF-I which bind poorly to the IGF-I binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been examined in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and the pig.
Summary · context
In the marmoset study, IGF-I and des(1-3)IGF-I were compared in anaesthetised and conscious animals in a range of bolus doses from 42 to 270 micrograms/kg body weight.
Summary · context
In the pig study, IGF-I was compared with four variants, des(1-3)IGF-I long-IGF-I, R3IGF-I and long-R3IGF-I (LR3IGF-I), which show reduced affinity for the IGFBPs as well as with insulin.
In this study, IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I).
Report a problemFND-0941507212
15AnimalNot a test of IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In marmosets, correlated plasma insulin, IGF-I or IGFBP changes did not account for the differential effects of the tested IGF variants.
In plain wordsIn marmosets, changes in blood insulin, IGF-I or IGFBPs did not explain the different effects of the tested IGF variants.
Peptide
IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I)
Outcome
Direction not reportedExplanation of differential hypoglycaemic effects
Study
marmosetn: not reported in source
Acute hypoglycaemia experiments
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
The differential effect of the variants in the marmoset could not be accounted for by correlated changes in plasma insulin, IGF-I or IGFBP levels in plasma.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the marmoset study, IGF-I and des(1-3)IGF-I were compared in anaesthetised and conscious animals in a range of bolus doses from 42 to 270 micrograms/kg body weight.
In this study, IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-I).
Report a problemFND-0941507215

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 3 to 4Current
21 Oct 2026, 13:52 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 2
13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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