Synthetic analog · 83 amino acids · 9,111.6 Da

IGF-1 LR3 studies and research data

PepBank has 127 IGF-1 LR3 studies with results. 97 of them gave IGF-1 LR3, with 411 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Searches 411 results and 184 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC

Results in people

0% of 411 results

Results in animals

288

70% of 411 results

Results in lab cells

123

30% of 411 results

From computer models

0% of 411 results

The molecule

IGF-1 LR3 identity

Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.

IGF-1 LR3 (long R3 IGF-I) is an engineered analogue of human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). It has 83 residues. The IGF-I domain carries one substitution, Glu3 to Arg, and a 13-residue extension sits at the N terminus (PMID 10744677). Francis et al. described it in 1992 as a recombinant fusion protein made in Escherichia coli: the extension is Met plus the first 10 residues of mature porcine growth hormone, then Val-Asn, and the Glu3 to Arg change was one of several variants tested (PMID 1378742). The variant binds IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) weakly (PMID 8371075, PMID 10744677). In cell lines that secrete IGFBPs, Long [Arg3]-IGF-I was more potent than IGF-I. In chicken embryo fibroblasts, which secrete no detectable IGFBPs, it was less potent than IGF-I (PMID 1378742). In growing female rats, 44 micrograms per day of the variant gave effects similar to 278 micrograms per day of IGF-I (PMID 8371075). The analogue acts on the IGF-1 receptor (PMID 22441800, PMID 17172665). An NMR structure of the 83-residue protein is in the PDB as 3LRI (PMID 10744677). Published work with the substance is mostly animal and cell research. Examples are fetal sheep infusion studies (PMID 39679943, PMID 37114757), an intranasal study in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease that improved body composition but not cognition (PMID 39610283), and use as an insulin substitute in serum-free cell culture (PMID 17172665). Sports-drug testing laboratories have developed LC-MS methods for it (PMID 21752560). A 2026 narrative review (Front Endocrinol, PMID 42395176) states that no peer-reviewed human studies exist for IGF-1 LR3 and places it in its lowest evidence tier. ClinicalTrials.gov holds no study that names it (checked 2026-10-13). It is not an approved medicine in any region checked. The approved drug mecasermin (Increlex, FDA BLA021839, approved 2005-08-30) is native IGF-I, a different substance. The substance is sold as a research chemical and used by some people in bodybuilding. FDA enforcement reports from 2019 list two recalls of compounded IGF-1 LR3 injections from one pharmacy (Class II, lack of sterility assurance). WADA lists 'Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, mecasermin) and its analogues' in S2.3 (growth factors and growth factor modulators), prohibited at all times; the 2027 List has the same S2.3 text.

Kind: Synthetic analog · 83 residues
Identifiers: UNIIM9L22Y19H9 (opens in a new tab)CAS143045-27-6PDB3LRI (opens in a new tab)
Parent: Analog of Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, somatomedin C; native form = mecasermin), human · residues 49-118Mature IGF-I (UniProt P05019 Chain 49-118) compared with the GSRS sequence of LR3-IGF-I: the 70 IGF-I residues are identical except Glu3 to Arg. The extra 13 residues at the N terminus come from methionyl porcine growth hormone (PMID 1378742). The parent is the igf-1 seed record.
Development: PreclinicalNo company holds an approval or a registered human programme for IGF-1 LR3. First described by Francis GL and colleagues (J Mol Endocrinol 1992, PMID 1378742). It is made and sold as a cell culture reagent and as a research chemical.ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 returned 0 studies for the terms IGF-1 LR3, Long R3 IGF and LR3-IGF-I (query.term, 2026-10-13), and 2 unrelated studies for query.intr with the terms IGF-1 LR3 OR LR3-IGF OR Long R3 (NCT05518383, a lymphoma protocol, and NCT07149974, a neurofeedback study; they match the words 'Long' or 'R3', not the substance). The evidence is animal and cell work, for example fetal sheep infusions (PMID 39679943, PMID 37114757), mice with Alzheimer-type pathology (PMID 39610283) and rat nerve conduit release (PMID 41015370). The 2026 review PMID 42395176 says there are no peer-reviewed human studies and ranks it in its lowest evidence tier (D). Source (opens in a new tab)

Targets

Molecular targets with action and evidence source
Target	Action	Evidence
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptorIGF1RP08069 (opens in a new tab)	Agonist	primary literatureSource (opens in a new tab)

Sequence and structure

Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.

Sequence

83 amino acids · 5 modifications · 3 disulfide bonds

FPAMPLSSL

FVNGPTLCG

AELVDALQFV

CGDRGFYFNK

PTGYGSSSRR

APQTGIVDEC

CFRSCDLRRL

EMYCAPLKPA

KSA

-OH

Alignment to Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, somatomedin C; native form = mecasermin)

Calculated from the two sequences. Curated notes are shown as given.

69 of 70 aligned residues identical (99%) · 1 substitution · 13 added residues · 3 modified residues · Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, somatomedin C; native form = mecasermin) 1–70

Top row: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, somatomedin C; native form = mecasermin) (parent)
Bottom row: IGF-1 LR3

GPTLG

AELVDALQFV

GDRGFYFNK

PTGYGSSSRR

APQTGIVDE

CFRSCDLRRL

EMYCAPLKPA

KSA

Same as parent
Substituted
Non-canonical or D-form
Added
Gap
Modified side chain or end

Differences from the parent

1Not in parent · analog 1+ Met · Added residue13-residue extension in front of the 70-residue IGF-I domain. Francis et al. 1992 (PMID 1378742): the first 11 residues of methionyl porcine growth hormone, then Val-Asn. Made by recombinant expression as a fusion protein in E. coli. Reported effect: lower binding to IGF-binding proteins (PMID 1378742, PMID 10744677).
2Not in parent · analog 2+ Phe · Added residue
3Not in parent · analog 3+ Pro · Added residue
4Not in parent · analog 4+ Ala · Added residue
5Not in parent · analog 5+ Met · Added residue
6Not in parent · analog 6+ Pro · Added residue
7Not in parent · analog 7+ Leu · Added residue
8Not in parent · analog 8+ Ser · Added residue
9Not in parent · analog 9+ Ser · Added residue
10Not in parent · analog 10+ Leu · Added residue
11Not in parent · analog 11+ Phe · Added residue
12Not in parent · analog 12+ Val · Added residue
13Not in parent · analog 13+ Asn · Added residue
14Parent 3 · analog 16Glu → Arg · SubstitutionGlu3 to Arg3 in mature IGF-I numbering (residue 16 of the 83-residue chain). Source: PMID 10744677. Glu3 of human IGF-I replaced by Arg. The record numbers the whole 83-residue chain, so IGF-I residue 3 is residue 16 here (13 + 3). Source: PMID 10744677 (Glu3 to Arg mutation plus a 13-amino acid N-terminal extension); GSRS sequence.
15Parent 6 · analog 19Cys, modified · Disulfide bondDisulfide bond (IGF-I domain Cys6-Cys48). GSRS links 1_19;1_61.
16Parent 18 · analog 31Cys, modified · Disulfide bondDisulfide bond (IGF-I domain Cys18-Cys61). GSRS links 1_31;1_74.
17Parent 47 · analog 60Cys, modified · Disulfide bondDisulfide bond (IGF-I domain Cys47-Cys52). GSRS links 1_60;1_65.

Basis: Mature IGF-I (UniProt P05019 Chain 49-118) compared with the GSRS sequence of LR3-IGF-I: the 70 IGF-I residues are identical except Glu3 to Arg. The extra 13 residues at the N terminus come from methionyl porcine growth hormone (PMID 1378742). The parent is the igf-1 seed record.

Calculated from the two sequences with @pepdb/chem alignToParent (ungapped unless a gap scores higher). The record’s curated notes are shown as given.

Properties

From identity sources

Formula: C₄₀₀H₆₁₉N₁₁₁O₁₁₅S₉
Molecular weight: 9,111.55 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass: 9,105.3487 Da

GSRS UNII M9L22Y19H9(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-13
UniProt P05019(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-13
UniProt P01248(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-13
pdb 3LRI(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-13
Curated PMID 1378742(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-13
Curated PMID 10744677(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-13

Calculated from the sequence

pKa set

Some values cannot be calculated. A modification changes this value and is not modeled here (for example a lipid, metal or linker).

Average mass: Not calculated
Monoisotopic mass: Not calculated
Isoelectric point (pI): Not calculated
Net charge at pH 7.4: Not calculated
GRAVY (hydropathy): −0.066; Mean Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy · Kyte and Doolittle 1982; Negative: hydrophilic on average.
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (Cys reduced): 4,470 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam); No Trp: ExPASy reports more than 10 % error without Trp.
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (all Cys as cystines): 4,845 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr + 125 x cystine · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam)
Instability index: 65.72; Dipeptide instability weights (DIWV) · Guruprasad et al. 1990; Above 40: classed as possibly unstable (ExPASy).
Aliphatic index: 64.7; Mole % A + 2.9 V + 3.9 (I + L) · Ikai 1980
Boman index: 1.45 kcal/mol; Mean solubility value (negated) · Boman 2003; 2.48 or below: lower protein-binding potential (Boman).
Hydrophobic moment (μH): 0.491; Eisenberg scale, 100° per residue, best 11-residue window · Eisenberg et al. 1982, 1984

Not included: other modification. Mass, charge and pI are not calculated; use the identity-source values.
Defined and validated for proteins; use with care for short peptides.
Assumes an ideal alpha helix. Many short peptides are not helical.

@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses

Net charge by pH

No charge curve

A modification changes this value and is not modeled here (for example a lipid, metal or linker).

Composition

Hydrophobic28% (23)A I L M V
Aromatic11% (9)F Y
Positive12% (10)K R
Negative8% (7)D E
Polar17% (14)N Q S T
Special24% (20)C G P

83 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.

A Ala7 · 8%

I Ile1 · 1%

L Leu8 · 10%

M Met3 · 4%

V Val4 · 5%

F Phe6 · 7%

W Trp0 · 0%

Y Tyr3 · 4%

H His0 · 0%

K Lys3 · 4%

R Arg7 · 8%

D Asp4 · 5%

E Glu3 · 4%

N Asn2 · 2%

Q Gln2 · 2%

S Ser7 · 8%

T Thr3 · 4%

C Cys6 · 7%

G Gly7 · 8%

P Pro7 · 8%

3D structure

ExperimentalPDB 3LRI

Loads the 3D viewer (3Dmol.js, about 150 KB) and the model file from RCSB PDB.

Helical wheel

An ideal alpha-helix projection. It shows where the hydrophobic residues fall if the peptide folds as a helix. It does not show that it does.

μH, residues shown: 0.082
μH, best 11-residue window: 0.491
Arrow direction: 319°
Residues: 1–54 of 83 · 3 rings of 18

HydrophilicHydrophobic

Eisenberg consensus (normalized) scale · + K, R · − D, E

Assumes an ideal α-helix: 100° per residue, 3.6 residues per turn. The arrow is the mean hydrophobic moment (Eisenberg et al. 1984) and points at the hydrophobic face.

Show as table

Position	Residue	Angle	Eisenberg consensus (normalized)
1	M	0°	0.64
2	F	100°	1.19
3	P	200°	0.12
4	A	300°	0.62
5	M	40°	0.64
6	P	140°	0.12
7	L	240°	1.06
8	S	340°	-0.18
9	S	80°	-0.18
10	L	180°	1.06
11	F	280°	1.19
12	V	20°	1.08
13	N	120°	-0.78
14	G	220°	0.48
15	P	320°	0.12
16	R	60°	-2.53
17	T	160°	-0.05
18	L	260°	1.06
19	C	0°	0.29
20	G	100°	0.48
21	A	200°	0.62
22	E	300°	-0.74
23	L	40°	1.06
24	V	140°	1.08
25	D	240°	-0.90
26	A	340°	0.62
27	L	80°	1.06
28	Q	180°	-0.85
29	F	280°	1.19
30	V	20°	1.08
31	C	120°	0.29
32	G	220°	0.48
33	D	320°	-0.90
34	R	60°	-2.53
35	G	160°	0.48
36	F	260°	1.19
37	Y	0°	0.26
38	F	100°	1.19
39	N	200°	-0.78
40	K	300°	-1.50
41	P	40°	0.12
42	T	140°	-0.05
43	G	240°	0.48
44	Y	340°	0.26
45	G	80°	0.48
46	S	180°	-0.18
47	S	280°	-0.18
48	S	20°	-0.18
49	R	120°	-2.53
50	R	220°	-2.53
51	A	320°	0.62
52	P	60°	0.12
53	Q	160°	-0.85
54	T	260°	-0.05

Results by area

IGF-1 LR3 results by year and outcome

Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Studies by year

127 of 184 studies have results (69%), published 1992 to 2026. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about IGF-1 LR3, by class. The rows use different scales.

Studies
Human
Animal
Lab
Computer model
Natural levels, tool or combination only

Studies184 in all, 1992 to 2026

Studies with results127 in all, 1992 to 2026

Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

What the studies measured

People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

IGF-1 LR3 studies on weight and appetite

50 results · people 0 · animals 50 · lab 0

Top 5 of 50 results

In fetal sheep, LR3 IGF-1 did not clearly change total fetal weight compared with saline.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021
In sheep, food intake was the same with LR3IGF-1 as with rhIGF-1.Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 1997
In rats with tumours, the LR3 IGF-I analogue alone did not build carcass protein.The Biochemical journal, 1994
In guinea pigs, long R3 IGF-I increased adrenal weight relative to body weight, but overall growth did not rise.The Journal of endocrinology, 1995
In fetal sheep, LR3 IGF-1 increased heart weight compared with saline.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021

IGF-1 LR3 studies on stomach and gut

36 results · people 0 · animals 36 · lab 0

Top 5 of 36 results

In newborn calves, Long-R3-IGF-I had no significant effect on the structure of the small intestine.Journal of animal science, 1998
In irradiated rats, an IGF-I analogue did not change how often abnormal gut pressure waves occurred, compared with vehicle.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2000
In rats, the LR3 IGF-I analogue, like IGF-I, increased the weight of gut tissue in a dose-dependent way.The American journal of physiology, 1994
In irradiated rats, an IGF-I analogue did not change the strength of abnormal gut pressure waves, compared with vehicle.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2000
In rats given dexamethasone, LR3IGF-I and another analogue had gut effects like IGF-I but were several times more potent.The Journal of endocrinology, 1992

IGF-1 LR3 studies on blood levels and clearance

32 results · people 0 · animals 31 · lab 1

Top 3 of 32 results

In calves, blood levels of Long-R3-IGF-I rose after it was injected under the skin.The American journal of physiology, 1997
In rats, the added tail on LR3IGF-I did not protect IGF-I from breakdown in the upper gut.The Journal of endocrinology, 1995
In rats, LR3IGF-I left the blood faster than regular IGF-I.The Journal of endocrinology, 1993

IGF-1 LR3 studies on metabolism and nutrition

31 results · people 0 · animals 31 · lab 0

Top 5 of 31 results

In fetal sheep, LR3 IGF-1 lowered amino acid uptake through the umbilical cord compared with saline.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021
In sheep, long-R3-IGF-I infused into the skin increased oxygen use by the skin.The Journal of endocrinology, 1993
In rats with tumours, infusing IGF-I or the LR3 IGF-I analogue alone did not build muscle protein.The Biochemical journal, 1994
In sheep, LR3IGF-I infused into the skin lowered blood oxygen after 24 hours.The Biochemical journal, 1995
In growth-restricted fetal sheep, amino acid levels fell during IGF‑1 LR3 treatment but not during vehicle.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2025

IGF-1 LR3 studies on blood sugar

29 results · people 0 · animals 27 · lab 2

Top 5 of 29 results

In fetal sheep, IGF‑1 LR3 lowered insulin levels in the blood compared with vehicle.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021
In fetal sheep, IGF‑1 LR3 lowered blood glucose compared with vehicle.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021
In fetal sheep, LR3 IGF-1 lowered insulin levels compared with saline.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021
In growth-restricted fetal sheep, IGF‑1 LR3 did not change glucose levels compared with vehicle.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2025
In growth-restricted fetal sheep, IGF‑1 LR3 did not change insulin levels compared with vehicle.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2025

IGF-1 LR3 studies on sex hormones and fertility

66 results · people 0 · animals 26 · lab 40

Top 5 of 66 results

In immature rats, an IGF-I analogue increased the replication of mural granulosa cells from the ovary.The Journal of endocrinology, 2001
In dairy cows, infusing an IGF-I analogue into the udder did not raise milk protein yield. Yield was slightly lower.Journal of dairy science, 2000
In mice with impaired mammary development, an IGF-1 analogue brought mammary gland weight and DNA content back to normal.Development, 2002
In fetal sheep, glucose uptake through the umbilical cord was similar with LR3 IGF-1 and saline.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021
In fetal sheep, blood flow to the uterus was similar with LR3 IGF-1 and saline.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021

IGF-1 LR3 studies on growth hormone and growth

27 results · people 0 · animals 25 · lab 2

Top 5 of 27 results

In sheep, the body's own IGF-I in the blood was lower than in control sheep by day 7 of LR3IGF-I infusion.The Biochemical journal, 1995
In cultured ovarian cells, long R3-IGF-I stimulated IGFBP-3 production more strongly than IGF-I.Endocrinology, 1992
In sheep, blood IGF-1 fell after 24 hours of LR3IGF-1, while it rose with rhIGF-1.Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 1997
In cultured ovarian cells, long R3-IGF-I stimulated IGFBP-2 production more strongly than IGF-I.Endocrinology, 1992
In calves, Long-R3-IGF-I injected under the skin lowered the animal's own IGF-I in blood.The American journal of physiology, 1997

IGF-1 LR3 studies on heart and blood vessels

23 results · people 0 · animals 18 · lab 5

Top 5 of 23 results

In mice with early plaque buildup, Long R3 IGF-1 reduced narrowing of the artery.The American journal of pathology, 2011
In fetal sheep, LR3 IGF-1 did not make heart muscle cells larger.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2003
In rats, LR3IGF-I lowered mean arterial blood pressure by 15% of baseline.The Journal of endocrinology, 1997
In sheep, long-R3-IGF-I infused into the skin increased blood flow to the skin.The Journal of endocrinology, 1993
In rats, LR3IGF-1 infusion raised blood flow in a skeletal muscle by 308%.The Journal of endocrinology, 1997

IGF-1 LR3 studies on muscles and tendons

14 results · people 0 · animals 10 · lab 4

Top 3 of 14 results

In fetal sheep, LR3 IGF-1 increased muscle precursor cell growth compared with saline.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021
In mice with cancer cachexia, LR3 IGF-I limited muscle loss compared with vehicle.Scientific reports, 2019
In rats with induced muscle breakdown, injected LR3IGF-I cut a muscle breakdown marker three times more than injected IGF-I.The Journal of endocrinology, 1996

IGF-1 LR3 studies on skin, hair and wounds

9 results · people 0 · animals 8 · lab 1

Top 3 of 9 results

In sheep, 21 days of LR3IGF-I in the skin did not change the division rate of wool follicle cells.The Biochemical journal, 1995
In sheep, both IGF-1 forms, including LR3IGF-1, quickly raised blood flow in the skin.Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 1997
In sheep, 21 days of LR3IGF-I in the skin did not change wool follicle size.The Biochemical journal, 1995

IGF-1 LR3 studies on kidneys and bladder

7 results · people 0 · animals 7 · lab 0

Top 3 of 7 results

In rats with acute kidney injury, kidney filtration fell in all groups, and the IGF peptides did not change this.The Journal of endocrinology, 1994
In rats with acute kidney injury, urine output rose in all groups, and the IGF peptides did not change this.The Journal of endocrinology, 1994
In rats with acute kidney injury, urine concentrating ability fell in all groups, and the IGF peptides did not change this.The Journal of endocrinology, 1994

IGF-1 LR3 studies on receptors and cell signals

40 results · people 0 · animals 6 · lab 34

Top 5 of 40 results

In mice, long R3 IGF-1 stimulated phosphorylation of the signalling protein IRS-2 in the uterus.The Journal of biological chemistry, 1998
In mice, LR3-IGF-I switched on the IGF-1 receptor more than IGF-I did at 5 and 10 weeks of age.Endocrinology, 2005
In rats, an IGF-I analogue stuck less to binding proteins in wound fluid.The American journal of physiology, 1999
In lab-grown human skin cells, IGF-I and its analogs, including LR3, increased IGFBP-3 production in a dose-related way.The Journal of endocrinology, 1996
In bovine artery tissue in a dish, the IGF-I analogue had no effect on the noradrenaline response once the vessel lining was removed.Experimental physiology, 2000

IGF-1 LR3 studies on brain and nerves

7 results · people 0 · animals 4 · lab 3

Top 5 of 7 results

In chick embryos, long R3 IGF-I helped motor neurons survive about as well as IGF-I did.Journal of neurobiology, 1993
In rat brain cell cultures, adding long R3-IGF-I to bFGF increased NPY production more than bFGF alone.Endocrinology, 1993
In male mice bred to model Alzheimer's disease, LR3 reduced one type of amyloid plaque in the cortex compared with vehicle.Journal of Alzheimer's disease, 2025
In rat brain cell cultures, long R3-IGF-I alone did not raise NPY production.Endocrinology, 1993
In male mice bred to model Alzheimer's disease, LR3 increased inert amyloid plaques in the cortex compared with vehicle.Journal of Alzheimer's disease, 2025

IGF-1 LR3 studies on hormones

3 results · people 0 · animals 3 · lab 0

3 results

In calves, an IGF-I analogue did not significantly change blood thyroxine.Biology of the neonate, 1998
In calves, an IGF-I analogue did not significantly change blood cortisol.Biology of the neonate, 1998
In calves, an IGF-I analogue did not significantly change blood triiodothyronine.Biology of the neonate, 1998

IGF-1 LR3 studies on cancer

5 results · people 0 · animals 2 · lab 3

Top 3 of 5 results

In mice with cancer cachexia, LR3 IGF-I sped up tumour growth compared with vehicle.Scientific reports, 2019
In rats with tumours, IGF-I and especially the LR3 IGF-I analogue increased tumour growth.The Biochemical journal, 1994
In lab tests on prostate cancer cells, Long-R3 IGF-I raised telomerase activity about 3-fold.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2003

IGF-1 LR3 studies on cells, genes and aging

12 results · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 11

Top 5 of 12 results

In sheep, long-R3-IGF-I infused into the skin did not change the number of dividing cells in wool follicles.The Journal of endocrinology, 1993
In cow granulosa cells in lab culture, the IGF-I analogue LR3IGF-I increased DNA synthesis.Journal of reproduction and fertility, 1996
In lab-grown plaque cells from human arteries, an IGF-1 analogue raised cell survival to the level of normal artery wall cells.Circulation research, 2001
In cultured rat nerve segments, long R3IGF-I increased DNA synthesis compared with control segments.Glia, 1996
In cells, LONG R3IGF-I supported the growth and survival of kidney cells better than insulin or native IGF-I.Molecular biotechnology, 2006

IGF-1 LR3 studies on immune system and inflammation

7 results · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 6

Top 4 of 7 results

In dairy cows, the milk cell count rose after an IGF-I analogue was infused into the udder.Journal of dairy science, 2000
In mouse immune precursor cells in a dish, long R3 IGF-1 increased cell growth, as did regular IGF-1.Endocrine, 1998
In cow immune cells, the long R3 IGF-I analogue increased hydrogen peroxide release compared with untreated cells.The Journal of endocrinology, 1993
In mouse immune precursor cells in a dish, long R3 IGF-1 kept stimulating cell growth on day 1, unlike des (1-3) IGF-1.Endocrine, 1998

IGF-1 LR3 studies on cholesterol and blood fats

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In calves, an IGF-I analogue did not significantly change blood fatty acids.Biology of the neonate, 1998

IGF-1 LR3 studies on memory and thinking

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In male mice bred to model Alzheimer's disease, nose-delivered LR3-IGF-1 did not clearly change memory or behavior tests compared with vehicle.Journal of Alzheimer's disease, 2025

IGF-1 LR3 studies on bones and joints

4 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 4

Top 3 of 4 results

In rat disc cells grown in a dish, an IGF-I analogue raised proteoglycan synthesis more than natural IGF-I did.Spine, 2001
In sheep cartilage cells, LR3IGF-I was 10 times more potent than IGF-I at stimulating proteoglycan synthesis.Endocrinology, 1998
In lab tests on sheep cartilage cells, an IGF-I analogue boosted DNA synthesis more than natural IGF-I.Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 1999

IGF-1 LR3 studies on salt, water and minerals

4 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 4

Top 3 of 4 results

In lab tests on sheep rumen tissue, LR3-IGF-1 quickly increased sodium movement across the tissue.Experimental physiology, 2012
In lab tests on sheep rumen tissue, LR3-IGF-1 raised net sodium flux by about 60% compared with controls.Experimental physiology, 2012
In lab tests on sheep rumen tissue, IGF-1 did not change tissue conductance or short-circuit current.Experimental physiology, 2012

IGF-1 LR3 studies on chemistry and lab methods

3 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 3

3 results

In cells, adding LR3-IGF to hamster cell cultures raised antibody yield 2-fold.Biotechnology progress, 2006
In cells, LR3-IGF and a cooler culture temperature raised antibody yield 11-fold.Biotechnology progress, 2006
In cells, LR3-IGF raised antibody yield only because the cultures lasted longer.Biotechnology progress, 2006

Trials and papers

IGF-1 LR3 trials

Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.

StatusPhase

0 trials match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

No trial matches these filters.

Papers

Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.

Sort

Design

184 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.

Showing 24 of 184 studiesquery qry_5587bc277e814df3baed73ac

Studies with results

127 studies in all, 19 on this page

Animal study (in vivo) · chick · 1993

4 results

Insulin-like growth factors: putative muscle-derived trophic agents that promote motoneuron survival.

Neff et al. 1993Journal of neurobiologycited by 172

PMID 8301266DOI 10.1002/neu.480241203PUB-08301266

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Publisher page See results (4)

Not a test of IGF-1 LR3 alone · 2006

1 result

In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the dual insulin-like growth factor-I/insulin receptor inhibitor, BMS-554417.

Haluska et al. 2006Cancer researchcited by 132

PMID 16397250DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1107PUB-16397250

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 LR3 was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (1)

Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 2003

6 results

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositol-3 kinase mediate IGF-1 induced proliferation of fetal sheep cardiomyocytes.

Sundgren et al. 2003American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiologycited by 102

PMID 12947030DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.00232.2003PUB-12947030

Full text at the publisher4 results where IGF-1 LR3 was given (plus 2 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (6)

Not a test of IGF-1 LR3 alone · 1997

5 results

Intestinal response to growth factors administered alone or in combination with human [Gly2]glucagon-like peptide 2.

Drucker et al. 1997The American journal of physiologycited by 94

PMID 9435550DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.6.g1252PUB-09435550

Full text at the publisher5 results where IGF-1 LR3 was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (5)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2002

2 results

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) induces premature cell death in the mammary glands of transgenic mice.

Tonner et al. 2002Development (Cambridge, England)cited by 86

PMID 12223411DOI 10.1242/dev.129.19.4547PUB-12223411

Full text at the publisher2 results where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Publisher page See results (2)

In vitro (cells) · bovine · 2001

9 results

Interactions between follicle-stimulating hormone and growth factors in modulating secretion of steroids and inhibin-related peptides by nonluteinized bovine granulosa cells.

Glister et al. 2001Biology of reproductioncited by 85

PMID 11566722DOI 10.1095/biolreprod65.4.1020PUB-11566722

Full text at the publisher8 results where IGF-1 LR3 was given (plus 1 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (9)

Not a test of IGF-1 LR3 alone · 2007

1 result

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 inhibition of prostate cancer growth involves suppression of angiogenesis.

Liu et al. 2007Oncogenecited by 82

PMID 16983336DOI 10.1038/sj.onc.1209977PUB-16983336

Rights unknown1 result where IGF-1 LR3 was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Source link See results (1)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2011

5 results

IGF-1 has plaque-stabilizing effects in atherosclerosis by altering vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype.

von der Thüsen et al. 2011The American journal of pathologycited by 75

PMID 21281823PMC3069834DOI 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.007PUB-21281823

Rights unknown5 results where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Source link See results (5)

In vitro (cells) · 2001

3 results

Defect in insulin-like growth factor-1 survival mechanism in atherosclerotic plaque-derived vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by reduced surface binding and signaling.

Patel et al. 2001Circulation researchcited by 74

PMID 11348998DOI 10.1161/hh0901.090305PUB-11348998

Rights unknown3 results where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Source link See results (3)

Not a test of IGF-1 LR3 alone · 2009

3 results

Potentiation of growth factor signaling by insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 in breast epithelial cells requires sphingosine kinase activity.

Martin et al. 2009The Journal of biological chemistrycited by 71

PMID 19633297PMC2757955DOI 10.1074/jbc.m109.007120PUB-19633297

CC BY3 results where IGF-1 LR3 was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Download PDF See results (3)

Animal study (in vivo) · calf · 1998

1 result

Small intestinal morphology in eight-day-old calves fed colostrum for different durations or only milk replacer and treated with long-R3-insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone.

Bühler et al. 1998Journal of animal sciencecited by 70

PMID 9535335DOI 10.2527/1998.763758xPUB-09535335

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Publisher page See results (1)

In vitro (cells) · rat · 1997

2 results

Effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors on proliferation of rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells.

Duleba et al. 1997Biology of reproductioncited by 67

PMID 9096870DOI 10.1095/biolreprod56.4.891PUB-09096870

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Publisher page See results (2)

In vitro (cells) · rat · 2001

1 result

Mechanisms of age-related decline in insulin-like growth factor-I dependent proteoglycan synthesis in rat intervertebral disc cells.

Okuda et al. 2001Spinecited by 66

PMID 11707703DOI 10.1097/00007632-200111150-00005PUB-11707703

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Publisher page See results (1)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1994

12 results

Prolonged administration of IGF peptides enhances growth of gastrointestinal tissues in normal rats.

Steeb et al. 1994The American journal of physiologycited by 65

PMID 7912894DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.1994.266.6.g1090PUB-07912894

Full text at the publisher12 results where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Publisher page See results (12)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1992

14 results

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and especially IGF-I variants are anabolic in dexamethasone-treated rats.

Tomas et al. 1992The Biochemical journalcited by 63

PMID 1371669PMC1130894DOI 10.1042/bj2820091PUB-01371669

Rights unknown1 result where IGF-1 LR3 was given (plus 6 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Source link See results (14)

Ex vivo tissue · bovine · 2007

4 results

Effects of IGF-I bioavailability on bovine preantral follicular development in vitro.

Thomas et al. 2007Reproduction (Cambridge, England)cited by 63

PMID 17636166DOI 10.1530/rep-06-0382PUB-17636166

Full text at the publisher4 results where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Publisher page See results (4)

In vitro (cells) · 1993

2 results

Cytokines modulate the sensitivity of human fibroblasts to stimulation with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) by altering endogenous IGF-binding protein production.

Yateman et al. 1993The Journal of endocrinologycited by 58

PMID 7684061DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1370151PUB-07684061

Full text at the publisher2 results where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Publisher page See results (2)

Animal study (in vivo) · calf · 1997

7 results

The somatotropic axis in neonatal calves can be modulated by nutrition, growth hormone, and Long-R3-IGF-I.

Hammon et al. 1997The American journal of physiologycited by 58

PMID 9252489DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.1.e130PUB-09252489

Full text at the publisher7 results where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Publisher page See results (7)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1992

3 results

Insulin-like growth factor-I and its N-terminal modified analogues induce marked gut growth in dexamethasone-treated rats.

Read et al. 1992The Journal of endocrinologycited by 57

PMID 1613443DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1330421PUB-01613443

Full text at the publisher1 result where IGF-1 LR3 was given

Publisher page See results (3)

More studies

47 studies in all, 5 on this page

PubMed tag: none · 1997

Corrected

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 induces apoptosis in MCF7 breast cancer cells.

Nickerson et al. 1997Biochemical and biophysical research communicationscited by 104

PMID 9299428DOI 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7089PUB-09299428

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page Read the notice

PubMed tag: none · 2003

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-1 modulate prostate cancer cell growth and apoptosis: possible mediators for the effects of diet and exercise on cancer cell survival.

Ngo et al. 2003Endocrinologycited by 100

PMID 12746292DOI 10.1210/en.2003-221028PUB-12746292

Rights unknown

Source link

Indexing hint: In vitro study · 1998

Modulation of insulin-like growth factor actions in L6A1 myoblasts by insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and IGFBP-5: a dual role for IGFBP-5.

Ewton et al. 1998Journal of cellular physiologycited by 85

PMID 9731744DOI 10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199810)177:1<47::aid-jcp5>3.0.co;2-ePUB-09731744

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Review · 2010

Confiscated black market products and nutritional supplements with non-approved ingredients analyzed in the Cologne Doping Control Laboratory 2009.

Kohler et al. 2010Drug testing and analysiscited by 72

PMID 21204286DOI 10.1002/dta.186PUB-21204286

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

Indexing hint: Animal study · 2008

Glucagon-like peptide-2 activates beta-catenin signaling in the mouse intestinal crypt: role of insulin-like growth factor-I.

Dubé et al. 2008Endocrinologycited by 62

PMID 17884945DOI 10.1210/en.2007-0561PUB-17884945

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

No result for IGF-1 LR3 (1 study on this page, 10 in all)

These studies name IGF-1 LR3 but give no result for it (for example, the results concern another peptide in the study).

PubMed tag: none · 1992

4 results

Novel recombinant fusion protein analogues of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I indicate the relative importance of IGF-binding protein and receptor binding for enhanced biological potency.

Francis et al. 1992Journal of molecular endocrinologycited by 122

PMID 1378742DOI 10.1677/jme.0.0080213PUB-01378742

Full text at the publisher4 results

Publisher page See results (4)

Newer studies

PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.

IGF-1 LR3 studies: 127 papers with results

Page 1 of 3

Reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion following a 1-wk IGF-1 infusion in late gestation fetal sheep is due to an intrinsic islet defect.
White A · American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021
Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 5 results
IGF-1 infusion to fetal sheep increases organ growth but not by stimulating nutrient transfer to the fetus.
Stremming J · American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021
Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 15 results
IGF-1 LR3 does not promote growth in late-gestation growth-restricted fetal sheep.
White A · American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 7 results
Metabolic response of sheep skin to a chronic infusion of a variant of insulin-like growth factor I.
Hocking Edwards JE · The Biochemical journal · 1995
Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 15 results
Attenuated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during an acute IGF-1 LR3 infusion into fetal sheep does not persist in isolated islets.
White A · Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2023
Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 3 results
Divergence of mucosal and motor effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and LR3IGF-I on rat isolated ileum following abdominal irradiation.
Fraser R · Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2000
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
Direct infusion of a variant of insulin-like growth factor-I into the skin of sheep and effects on local blood flow, amino acid utilization and cell replication.
Harris PM · The Journal of endocrinology · 1993
Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 8 results
Intramammary infusion of insulin or long R3 insulin-like growth factor-I did not increase milk protein yield in dairy cows.
Mackle TR · Journal of dairy science · 2000
Animal study (in vivo) · cow · 4 results
A comparison of changes in whole body and skin amino acid metabolism of sheep in response to 24 h continuous infusions of variants of insulin-like growth factor 1
Lobley GE · Canadian Journal of Animal Science · 1997
Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 11 results
Insulin-like growth factors: putative muscle-derived trophic agents that promote motoneuron survival.
Neff NT · Journal of neurobiology · 1993
Animal study (in vivo) · chick · 4 results
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositol-3 kinase mediate IGF-1 induced proliferation of fetal sheep cardiomyocytes.
Sundgren NC · American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2003
Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 6 results
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) induces premature cell death in the mammary glands of transgenic mice.
Tonner E · Development (Cambridge, England) · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2 results
IGF-1 has plaque-stabilizing effects in atherosclerosis by altering vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype.
von der Thüsen JH · The American journal of pathology · 2011
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 5 results
Small intestinal morphology in eight-day-old calves fed colostrum for different durations or only milk replacer and treated with long-R3-insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone.
Bühler C · Journal of animal science · 1998
Animal study (in vivo) · calf · 1 result
Prolonged administration of IGF peptides enhances growth of gastrointestinal tissues in normal rats.
Steeb CB · The American journal of physiology · 1994
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 12 results
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and especially IGF-I variants are anabolic in dexamethasone-treated rats.
Tomas FM · The Biochemical journal · 1992
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 14 results
The somatotropic axis in neonatal calves can be modulated by nutrition, growth hormone, and Long-R3-IGF-I.
Hammon H · The American journal of physiology · 1997
Animal study (in vivo) · calf · 7 results
Insulin-like growth factor-I and its N-terminal modified analogues induce marked gut growth in dexamethasone-treated rats.
Read LC · The Journal of endocrinology · 1992
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results
Synergistic interaction between insulin-like growth factors-I and -II in central regulation of pulsatile growth hormone secretion.
Harel Z · Endocrinology · 1992
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
Administration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) peptides for three days stimulates proliferation of the small intestinal epithelium in rats.
Steeb CB · Gut · 1995
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 9 results
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor-insulin receptor substrate complexes in the uterus. Altered signaling response to estradiol in the IGF-1(m/m) mouse.
Richards RG · The Journal of biological chemistry · 1998
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 1 result
Anabolic effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and an IGF-I variant in normal female rats.
Tomas FM · The Journal of endocrinology · 1993
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 6 results
Treatment with IGF-I peptides improves function of the remnant gut following small bowel resection in rats.
Lemmey AB · Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) · 1994
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 10 results
Degradation of IGF-I in the adult rat gastrointestinal tract is limited by a specific antiserum or the dietary protein casein.
Xian CJ · The Journal of endocrinology · 1995
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1 result
Granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus are different from mural granulosa cells in their response to gonadotrophins and IGF-I.
Khamsi F · The Journal of endocrinology · 2001
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I and LR3IGF-I on regional blood flow in normal rats.
Gillespie CM · The Journal of endocrinology · 1997
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 6 results
Plasma clearance and tissue distribution of labelled insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and an analogue LR3IGF-I in pregnant rats.
Bastian SE · The Journal of endocrinology · 1993
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 6 results
Long R3 insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) infusion stimulates organ growth but reduces plasma IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein concentrations in the guinea pig.
Conlon MA · The Journal of endocrinology · 1995
Animal study (in vivo) · guinea pig · 11 results
Enhancement of maternal lactation performance during prolonged lactation in the mouse by mouse GH and long-R3-IGF-I is linked to changes in mammary signaling and gene expression.
Hadsell DL · The Journal of endocrinology · 2008
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 3 results
The local expression and abundance of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins in skeletal muscle are regulated by age and gender but not local IGF-I in vivo.
Oliver WT · Endocrinology · 2005
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2 results
Inhibition of activin-like kinase 4/5 attenuates cancer cachexia associated muscle wasting.
Levolger S · Scientific reports · 2019
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 4 results
Several insulin-like growth factor-I analogues and complexes of insulin-like growth factors-I and -II with insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 fail to mimic the effect of growth hormone upon lactation in the rat.
Flint DJ · The Journal of endocrinology · 1994
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1 result
Effects of interactions between IGFBPs and IGFs on the plasma clearance and in vivo biological activities of IGFs and IGF analogs.
Ballard FJ · Growth regulation · 1993
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 10 results
The modulation of gonadotrophic hormone action on the ovary by paracrine and autocrine factors.
Campbell BK · Anatomia, histologia, embryologia · 1999
Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 5 results
Clearance of IGFs and insulin from wounds: effect of IGF-binding protein interactions.
Robertson JG · The American journal of physiology · 1999
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
Rat milk and dietary long arginine3 insulin-like growth factor I promote intestinal growth of newborn rat pups.
Staley MD · Pediatric research · 1998
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) bioactivity in vivo: further characterization of an IGF-I-enhancing antibody.
Hill RA · Endocrinology · 1998
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 5 results
Long [R3] insulin-like growth factor-I reduces growth, plasma growth hormone, IGF binding protein-3 and endogenous IGF-I concentrations in pigs.
Dunaiski V · The Journal of endocrinology · 1997
Animal study (in vivo) · pig · 13 results
IGF-I variants which bind poorly to IGF-binding proteins show more potent and prolonged hypoglycaemic action than native IGF-I in pigs and marmoset monkeys.
Tomas FM · The Journal of endocrinology · 1997
Animal study (in vivo) · pig · 15 results
Superior potency of infused IGF-I analogues which bind poorly to IGF-binding proteins is maintained when administered by injection.
Tomas FM · The Journal of endocrinology · 1996
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 7 results
Effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors on protein and energy metabolism in tumour-bearing rats.
Tomas FM · The Biochemical journal · 1994
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 13 results
Insulin-like growth factor-I and more potent variants restore growth of diabetic rats without inducing all characteristic insulin effects.
Tomas FM · The Biochemical journal · 1993
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 15 results
Coronary vascular growth matches IGF-1-stimulated cardiac growth in fetal sheep.
Jonker SS · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2020
Animal study (in vivo) · sheep · 4 results
Insulin-like growth factor-I and analogues increase growth in artificially-reared neonatal pigs.
Dunshea FR · The British journal of nutrition · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · pig · 9 results
Endocrine and metabolic changes in neonatal calves in response to growth hormone and long-R3-insulin-like growth factor-I administration.
Hammon H · Biology of the neonate · 1998
Animal study (in vivo) · cattle · 9 results
Transport of circulating IGF-I and LR3IGF-I from blood to extracellular wound fluid sites in rats.
Bastian SE · The Journal of endocrinology · 2000
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 8 results
Action of long(R3)-insulin-like growth factor-1 on protein metabolism in beef heifers.
Hill RA · Domestic animal endocrinology · 1999
Animal study (in vivo) · cattle · 7 results
Intranasal long R3 insulin-like growth factor-1 treatment promotes amyloid plaque remodeling in cerebral cortex but fails to preserve cognitive function in male 5XFAD mice.
Engel MG · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 7 results
Novel demonstration of a physiologic/pharmacologic role of insulin-like growth factor-1 in ovulation in rats and action on cumulus oophorus.
Khamsi F · Endocrine · 2001
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results
Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I peptides in rats with acute renal failure.
Martin AA · The Journal of endocrinology · 1994
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 17 results

Status and safety

Regulatory and safety

Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction, with date and source
Jurisdiction	Body	Status	As of	Source
US	FDA	No Drugs@FDA record for IGF-1 LR3. The openFDA drugsfda search for generic name mecasermin returns only Increlex (BLA021839, Ipsen, original approval 2005-08-30), which is native IGF-I. openFDA enforcement reports hold two Class II recalls of compounded IGF-1 LR3 injections by Promise Pharmacy, LLC (recall numbers D-0456-2019 and D-0464-2019, report date 2019-02-20, reason 'Lack of sterility assurance'). The openFDA drug label search (substance name mecasermin) returns native IGF-I labels (Increlex, GUNA-IGF), not LR3. A DailyMed search for the names 'long r3', 'IGF-1 LR3' and 'lr3' returned 0 labels. One openFDA label does carry the LR3 UNII: the homeopathic OTC sublingual drops 'D-136' (Dynamic Nutritional Associates, ingredient list 'HGH ... IGF-1 12x', label version effective 2025-01-13), where the IGF-1 ingredient is mapped to the LR3 UNII. It is not an LR3 product and not an approval.	13 Oct 2026	api.fda.gov (opens in a new tab)
EU	EMA	No LR3 product. EMA medicines file (2,748 records, timestamp 2026-10-13T06:02:34Z): searches for igf, insulin-like growth, mecasermin, long R3, LR3 and Arg3 find only mecasermin products, Increlex (authorised) and Iplex (mecasermin rinfabate, application withdrawn), both native IGF-I based. EMA orphan designations file (3,310 records, timestamp 2026-10-13T06:05:30Z): IGF-related entries are mecasermin, mecasermin rinfabate, rhIGF-I with IGFBP-3, an IGF2 fusion protein (tralesinidase alfa) and an antisense IGF-1R glioma product. No entry names LR3 or Long R3. (The medicines file also matches Omnitrope and Somavert, but only because their text mentions IGF-I concentrations.)	13 Oct 2026	ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab)
Sport	WADA	Banned in sport (WADA S2.3) S0 covers substances not approved for human use; IGF-1 LR3 is not named on the List.	2026 List	wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab)
World (WADA 2027 list)	Note	The 2027 Prohibited List, in force from 2027-01-01, has the same S2.3 wording: 'Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, mecasermin) and its analogues'. LR3 is not named.	13 Oct 2026	wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab)
Finland	Note	The Finnish anti-doping information bank Dopinglinkki (page dated 2019-07-18) states that IGF-1 and LR3IGF-1 are classified as doping substances in the Finnish Criminal Code. It also states that rhIGF-1 (mecasermin) is used in Finland for long-term treatment of children with severe IGF-1 deficiency.	13 Oct 2026	dopinglinkki.fi (opens in a new tab)
Russia (State Register of Medicines)	Note	not checked	13 Oct 2026	Not recorded
Japan (PMDA)	Note	not checked	13 Oct 2026	Not recorded
Australia (TGA)	Note	not checked	13 Oct 2026	Not recorded

Safety outcomes

7 safety results for IGF-1 LR3.

No safety results from studies in people

The safety results below come from animal or lab studies. They do not show what happens in people.

Animal evidence· 6

In well-fed dairy cows, somatic cell count increased after intramammary long R3 IGF-I.
Animal study (in vivo)cown = 4
In mice with C26 tumours, LR3 IGF-I treatment accelerated tumour growth.
Animal study (in vivo)mouse
In rats with renal ischaemia, LR3IGF-I treatment resulted in a significantly greater fall in GFR than in controls.
Animal study (in vivo)rat
In rats with renal ischaemia, LR3IGF-I treatment significantly reduced urinary osmolality compared with controls.
Animal study (in vivo)rat
In rats with renal ischaemia, LR3IGF-I treatment increased fractional excretion of sodium compared with controls.
Animal study (in vivo)rat
In rats with renal ischaemia, kidneys treated with LR3IGF-I showed histological evidence of a greater degree of tubular epithelial calcification.
Animal study (in vivo)rat

Lab evidence· 1

In cultured bovine preantral follicles, LR3 IGF-I increased oocyte degeneration compared with controls or physiological concentrations of hrIGF-I.
Ex vivo tissuebovine

Doses studied · 38

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

1.17 ± 0.12 µg/kg/hAnimal
Species
sheep
Route
infusion into fetal circulation
Duration
1 week
Design
Animal study (in vivo) · n = 14
5 mg/kg per dayAnimal
Species
rat
Route
osmotic mini-pump
Duration
Not reported
Design
Animal study (in vivo) · n = 7
50 microg/[kg BW x d]Animal
Species
calf
Route
subcutaneous or oral
Duration
7 d
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
44, 111 or 278 micrograms/dayAnimal
Species
rat
Route
osmotic minipump
Duration
14 days
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
278 micrograms/dayAnimal
Species
rat
Route
osmotic minipump
Duration
14 days
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
50 micrograms/kg body weight/dayAnimal
Species
calf
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
7 days
Design
Animal study (in vivo)

Doses studied in the study results, as given in the studies.
Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design
1.17 ± 0.12 µg/kg/h	Animal	sheep	infusion into fetal circulation	1 week	Animal study (in vivo) · n = 14
5 mg/kg per day	Animal	rat	osmotic mini-pump	Not reported	Animal study (in vivo) · n = 7
50 microg/[kg BW x d]	Animal	calf	subcutaneous or oral	7 d	Animal study (in vivo)
44, 111 or 278 micrograms/day	Animal	rat	osmotic minipump	14 days	Animal study (in vivo)
278 micrograms/day	Animal	rat	osmotic minipump	14 days	Animal study (in vivo)
50 micrograms/kg body weight/day	Animal	calf	subcutaneous	7 days	Animal study (in vivo)

6 of 38 shown

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Data

Data and API

Data version, change history and code for this peptide.

Data version 30856030 Oct 2026

Peptide

Peptide id: PEP-000056
Peptide version: 7
Peptide hash: a61ed66d2179a3b1…
Data version: 308560

Latest changes

27 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 256706
22 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 254534
21 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 213630
14 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 198206
14 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 194700
13 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 188877

For developers

curl -s https://pepbank.io/v1/briefs/igf-1-lr3

Evidence summary for IGF-1 LR3: counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.

Peptide as JSON Evidence summary as JSON

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health	No results	Animal: 13 results from 6 studies: 7 increase, 3 decrease, 2 no significant change, 1 mixed. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 40 results from 9 studies: 28 increase, 4 decrease, 2 no significant change, 2 mixed, 4 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	53
Receptor activity and mechanismSkin and wound	No results	Animal: 6 results from 4 studies: 4 increase, 1 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 34 results from 18 studies: 10 increase, 8 decrease, 12 no significant change, 1 mixed, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	40
Body weightWhole body	No results	Animal: 33 results from 14 studies: 22 increase, 1 decrease, 7 no significant change, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	33
Intestinal growth and absorptionGastrointestinal	No results	Animal: 32 results from 7 studies: 22 increase, 4 decrease, 5 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	32
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	No results	Animal: 31 results from 9 studies: 18 increase, 4 decrease, 6 no significant change, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 1 result from 1 study: 1 no significant change. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	32
Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 27 results from 13 studies: 1 increase, 16 decrease, 9 no significant change, 1 mixed. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 2 studies: 1 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	29
Growth hormone and IGF-1Reproductive and sexual health	No results	Animal: 25 results from 8 studies: 3 increase, 14 decrease, 8 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 increase. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	27
Protein and amino acid metabolismMusculoskeletal	No results	Animal: 19 results from 8 studies: 3 increase, 10 decrease, 5 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	19
Muscle injury and repairMusculoskeletal	No results	Animal: 10 results from 4 studies: 2 increase, 2 decrease, 6 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 4 results from 2 studies: 2 increase, 2 decrease. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	14
Metabolic pathways and metabolomicsSkin and wound	No results	Animal: 12 results from 2 studies: 9 increase, 2 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	12
Body compositionWhole body	No results	Animal: 11 results from 4 studies: 7 increase, 1 decrease, 2 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	11
Vascular functionSkin and wound	No results	Animal: 10 results from 3 studies: 4 increase, 5 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	10

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health	No results	Animal: 13 results from 6 studies: 7 increase, 3 decrease, 2 no significant change, 1 mixed. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 40 results from 9 studies: 28 increase, 4 decrease, 2 no significant change, 2 mixed, 4 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	53
Receptor activity and mechanismSkin and wound	No results	Animal: 6 results from 4 studies: 4 increase, 1 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 34 results from 18 studies: 10 increase, 8 decrease, 12 no significant change, 1 mixed, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	40
Body weightWhole body	No results	Animal: 33 results from 14 studies: 22 increase, 1 decrease, 7 no significant change, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	33
Intestinal growth and absorptionGastrointestinal	No results	Animal: 32 results from 7 studies: 22 increase, 4 decrease, 5 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	32
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	No results	Animal: 31 results from 9 studies: 18 increase, 4 decrease, 6 no significant change, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 1 result from 1 study: 1 no significant change. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	32
Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 27 results from 13 studies: 1 increase, 16 decrease, 9 no significant change, 1 mixed. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 2 studies: 1 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	29
Growth hormone and IGF-1Reproductive and sexual health	No results	Animal: 25 results from 8 studies: 3 increase, 14 decrease, 8 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 increase. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	27
Protein and amino acid metabolismMusculoskeletal	No results	Animal: 19 results from 8 studies: 3 increase, 10 decrease, 5 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	19
Muscle injury and repairMusculoskeletal	No results	Animal: 10 results from 4 studies: 2 increase, 2 decrease, 6 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 4 results from 2 studies: 2 increase, 2 decrease. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	14
Metabolic pathways and metabolomicsSkin and wound	No results	Animal: 12 results from 2 studies: 9 increase, 2 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	12
Body compositionWhole body	No results	Animal: 11 results from 4 studies: 7 increase, 1 decrease, 2 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	11
Vascular functionSkin and wound	No results	Animal: 10 results from 3 studies: 4 increase, 5 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	10

IGF-1 LR3 studies and research data

IGF-1 LR3 identity

Targets

Sequence and structure

Sequence

Alignment to Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, somatomedin C; native form = mecasermin)

Properties

Net charge by pH

Composition

3D structure

Helical wheel

IGF-1 LR3 results by year and outcome

What the studies measured

IGF-1 LR3 studies on weight and appetite

IGF-1 LR3 studies on stomach and gut

IGF-1 LR3 studies on blood levels and clearance

IGF-1 LR3 studies on metabolism and nutrition

IGF-1 LR3 studies on blood sugar

IGF-1 LR3 studies on sex hormones and fertility

IGF-1 LR3 studies on growth hormone and growth

IGF-1 LR3 studies on heart and blood vessels

IGF-1 LR3 studies on muscles and tendons

IGF-1 LR3 studies on skin, hair and wounds

IGF-1 LR3 studies on kidneys and bladder

IGF-1 LR3 studies on receptors and cell signals

IGF-1 LR3 studies on brain and nerves

IGF-1 LR3 studies on hormones

IGF-1 LR3 studies on cancer

IGF-1 LR3 studies on cells, genes and aging

IGF-1 LR3 studies on immune system and inflammation

IGF-1 LR3 studies on cholesterol and blood fats

IGF-1 LR3 studies on memory and thinking

IGF-1 LR3 studies on bones and joints

IGF-1 LR3 studies on salt, water and minerals

IGF-1 LR3 studies on chemistry and lab methods

IGF-1 LR3 trials

Papers

Studies with results

Insulin-like growth factors: putative muscle-derived trophic agents that promote motoneuron survival.

In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the dual insulin-like growth factor-I/insulin receptor inhibitor, BMS-554417.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositol-3 kinase mediate IGF-1 induced proliferation of fetal sheep cardiomyocytes.

Intestinal response to growth factors administered alone or in combination with human [Gly2]glucagon-like peptide 2.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) induces premature cell death in the mammary glands of transgenic mice.

Interactions between follicle-stimulating hormone and growth factors in modulating secretion of steroids and inhibin-related peptides by nonluteinized bovine granulosa cells.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 inhibition of prostate cancer growth involves suppression of angiogenesis.

IGF-1 has plaque-stabilizing effects in atherosclerosis by altering vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype.

Defect in insulin-like growth factor-1 survival mechanism in atherosclerotic plaque-derived vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by reduced surface binding and signaling.

Potentiation of growth factor signaling by insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 in breast epithelial cells requires sphingosine kinase activity.

Small intestinal morphology in eight-day-old calves fed colostrum for different durations or only milk replacer and treated with long-R3-insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone.

Effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors on proliferation of rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells.

Mechanisms of age-related decline in insulin-like growth factor-I dependent proteoglycan synthesis in rat intervertebral disc cells.

Prolonged administration of IGF peptides enhances growth of gastrointestinal tissues in normal rats.

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and especially IGF-I variants are anabolic in dexamethasone-treated rats.

Effects of IGF-I bioavailability on bovine preantral follicular development in vitro.

Cytokines modulate the sensitivity of human fibroblasts to stimulation with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) by altering endogenous IGF-binding protein production.

The somatotropic axis in neonatal calves can be modulated by nutrition, growth hormone, and Long-R3-IGF-I.

Insulin-like growth factor-I and its N-terminal modified analogues induce marked gut growth in dexamethasone-treated rats.

More studies

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 induces apoptosis in MCF7 breast cancer cells.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-1 modulate prostate cancer cell growth and apoptosis: possible mediators for the effects of diet and exercise on cancer cell survival.

Modulation of insulin-like growth factor actions in L6A1 myoblasts by insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and IGFBP-5: a dual role for IGFBP-5.

Confiscated black market products and nutritional supplements with non-approved ingredients analyzed in the Cologne Doping Control Laboratory 2009.

Glucagon-like peptide-2 activates beta-catenin signaling in the mouse intestinal crypt: role of insulin-like growth factor-I.

Novel recombinant fusion protein analogues of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I indicate the relative importance of IGF-binding protein and receptor binding for enhanced biological potency.

Newer studies

IGF-1 LR3 studies: 127 papers with results

Regulatory and safety

Animal evidence· 6

Lab evidence· 1

Doses studied · 38

Data and API

Peptide

Latest changes

For developers

Related peptides

IGF-1 LR3 results by year and outcome

IGF-1 LR3 studies on weight and appetite

IGF-1 LR3 studies on stomach and gut

IGF-1 LR3 studies on blood levels and clearance

IGF-1 LR3 studies on metabolism and nutrition