Synthetic analog · 4 amino acids · 390.4 Da

Epitalon studies and research data

PepBank has 112 Epitalon studies with results. 89 of them gave Epitalon, with 290 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Searches 290 results and 160 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC

Results in people

2% of 290 results

Results in animals

199

69% of 290 results

Results in lab cells

29% of 290 results

From computer models

under 1% of 290 results

The molecule

Epitalon identity

Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.

Epitalon (epithalon, AEDG) is the synthetic tetrapeptide H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly-OH. FDA's 2026 briefing document describes it as a synthetic analog of epithalamin, a polypeptide extract of the pineal gland, and treats the two as different substances. A 2003 cell-culture study reported that it induced telomerase catalytic subunit expression and telomere elongation in human fetal fibroblasts. It has no FDA or EMA approval; a US orphan designation for retinitis pigmentosa (2010) was later withdrawn or revoked.

Kind: Synthetic analog · 4 residues
Identifiers: PubChem CID219042 (opens in a new tab)UNIIO65P17785G (opens in a new tab)CAS307297-39-8
Development: No known clinical developmentNo trials on ClinicalTrials.gov (query 2026-10-08). The US orphan designation (BioDiem Ltd, 2010) was withdrawn or revoked. Human studies outside registries were not reviewed. Source (opens in a new tab)

Targets

Molecular targets with action and evidence source
Target	Action	Evidence
Telomerase reverse transcriptaseTERTO14746 (opens in a new tab)	Inducer of expression (proposed)	proposedSource (opens in a new tab)

Sequence and structure

Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.

Sequence

4 amino acids

H-

AEDG

-OH

Properties

From identity sources

Formula: C₁₄H₂₂N₄O₉
Molecular weight: 390.35 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass: 390.1387 Da

GSRS UNII O65P17785G(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
PubChem CID 219042(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
Curated FDA PCAC briefing document 2026-07-23/24(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08

Calculated from the sequence

pKa set

Average mass: 390.35 Da; Sum of ExPASy residue masses + water · ExPASy Compute pI/Mw; FindMod
Monoisotopic mass: 390.1387 Da; Sum of ExPASy residue masses + water · ExPASy FindMod
Isoelectric point (pI): 3.55; pH of zero net charge, EMBOSS pKa set · EMBOSS iep, Epk.dat
Net charge at pH 7.4: −2.06; Henderson-Hasselbalch, EMBOSS pKa set · EMBOSS iep, Epk.dat
GRAVY (hydropathy): −1.400; Mean Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy · Kyte and Doolittle 1982; Negative: hydrophilic on average.
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (Cys reduced): 0 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam); No Trp or Tyr: absorbance at 280 nm cannot measure this peptide.
Instability index: 55.65; Dipeptide instability weights (DIWV) · Guruprasad et al. 1990; Above 40: classed as possibly unstable (ExPASy).
Aliphatic index: 25.0; Mole % A + 2.9 V + 3.9 (I + L) · Ikai 1980
Boman index: 3.20 kcal/mol; Mean solubility value (negated) · Boman 2003; Above 2.48: high protein-binding potential (Boman).
Hydrophobic moment (μH): Not calculated; The sequence is too short for this method.
pI with each pKa set: EMBOSS 3.55Bjellqvist (ExPASy) 3.67IPC peptide 3.05IPC protein 3.29

Defined and validated for proteins; use with care for short peptides.
Assumes an ideal alpha helix. Many short peptides are not helical.

@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses

Net charge by pH

pI 3.55 · Net charge at pH 7.4: −2.06

Point or use arrow keys

Henderson-Hasselbalch, EMBOSS pKa set. Calculated, not measured.

Show as table

pH	Net charge
0	1.00
1	1.00
2	0.96
3	0.61
4	−0.72
5	−1.78
6	−1.98
7	−2.02
8	−2.20
9	−2.72
10	−2.96
11	−3.00
12	−3.00
13	−3.00
14	−3.00

Composition

Hydrophobic25% (1)A
Negative50% (2)D E
Special25% (1)G

4 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.

A Ala1 · 25%

I Ile0 · 0%

L Leu0 · 0%

M Met0 · 0%

V Val0 · 0%

F Phe0 · 0%

W Trp0 · 0%

Y Tyr0 · 0%

H His0 · 0%

K Lys0 · 0%

R Arg0 · 0%

D Asp1 · 25%

E Glu1 · 25%

N Asn0 · 0%

Q Gln0 · 0%

S Ser0 · 0%

T Thr0 · 0%

C Cys0 · 0%

G Gly1 · 25%

P Pro0 · 0%

3D structure

No 3D structure

No experimental structure (PDB) and no UniProt entry for an AlphaFold model are listed for this peptide. Synthetic peptides often have neither. The sequence view above is the reference.

2D structure

Draws the structure in your browser with RDKit (about 2.3 MB, loaded once).

SMILES fromPubChem CID 219042(opens in a new tab)

C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N

Results by area

Epitalon results by year and outcome

Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Studies by year

112 of 160 studies have results (70%), published 2000 to 2026. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about Epitalon, by class. The rows use different scales.

Studies
Human
Animal
Lab
Computer model
Natural levels, tool or combination only

Studies160 in all, 1993 to 2026

Studies with results112 in all, 2000 to 2026

Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

What the studies measured

People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Epitalon studies on cells, genes and aging

90 results · people 4 · animals 46 · lab 40

Top 5 of 90 results

In middle-aged people, the AEDG peptide raised urine levels of a melatonin by-product.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2020
In mice, Epitalon did not change average life span compared with saline.Biogerontology, 2003
In rats, injections of epithalon (given with cortagen) lowered the level of lipid peroxidation products.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2007
In mice, Epithalon changed the activity of 22 genes in the brain.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2004
In rats kept under constant light, melatonin and epithalon restored the usual age pattern of pepsin activity; effects were not reported separately.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2015

Epitalon studies on eyes

10 results · people 1 · animals 7 · lab 2

Top 3 of 10 results

In patients with degenerative retinal lesions, 90% had a positive clinical effect with Epitalon therapy; the study had no stated comparison group.Neuro endocrinology letters, 2002
In rats, Epithalon given to mothers and offspring kept the retina intact about 2 times longer than in control rats.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2003
In rats with inherited retinal degeneration, epithalon protected the structure of the retina.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2002

Epitalon studies on cancer

51 results · people 0 · animals 51 · lab 0

Top 3 of 51 results

In mice, Epitalon did not change the overall rate of spontaneous tumors compared with saline.Biogerontology, 2003
In mice, the pineal peptide treatment was followed by fewer spontaneous tumors, mainly lung adenomas.Mechanisms of ageing and development, 2001
In mice prone to breast tumors, Epitalon reduced the total number of tumors compared with saline.International journal of cancer, 2002

Epitalon studies on immune system and inflammation

23 results · people 0 · animals 17 · lab 6

Top 5 of 23 results

In stressed mice, Epitalon increased the growth of immune thymus cells.Neuro endocrinology letters, 2002
In rats under mild stress, Epithalon injected into muscle lowered the number of IL-2-positive cells in brain hypothalamus regions after 24 hours.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2006
In rats, epithalon suppressed the formation of blood cells and lymphocytes in the spleen.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2001
In rats adapted to the experiment, nasal Epithalon did not lower the number of IL-2-positive cells in the supraoptic nucleus.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2006
In old mice, epithalon lowered the amount of bone marrow stromal precursor cells in autumn.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2004

Epitalon studies on stomach and gut

13 results · people 0 · animals 13 · lab 0

Top 5 of 13 results

In rats, Epithalon by mouth changed the activity of digestive enzymes in the gut.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2002
In rats, epithalon slowed metabolic processes in the lining of the duodenum.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2001
In aged rats, Epithalon by mouth increased passive glucose uptake in the middle part of the small intestine.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2002
In rats without a pineal gland, researchers reported a link between pineal peptides and the stomach; the abstract gives no details of the effect.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2000
In mature rats, epitalon lowered pancreatic amylase activity, while melatonin raised it.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2006

Epitalon studies on brain and nerves

21 results · people 0 · animals 11 · lab 10

Top 5 of 21 results

In stressed rats, Epitalon given through the nose slightly raised C-Fos protein in pineal gland cells.Neuro endocrinology letters, 2002
In rats, epitalon given through the nose raised nerve cell firing in the motor cortex 2-2.5-fold within minutes.Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2006
In rats, epitalon given through the nose raised the firing rate of brain cortex neurons by 2 to 2.5 times within minutes.Neuroscience and behavioral physiology, 2007
In mice, epithalon did not change behaviour measures.Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2001
In rats without stress, Epitalon given through the nose did not clearly change C-Fos protein in pineal gland cells.Neuro endocrinology letters, 2002

Epitalon studies on receptors and cell signals

26 results · people 0 · animals 8 · lab 16 · computer models 2

Top 5 of 26 results

In mice, Epitalon altered stress-related changes in an enzyme of the brain cortex, in line with its effect on thymus cells.Neuro endocrinology letters, 2002
In mice prone to breast tumors, Epitalon lowered tumor HER-2/neu gene activity compared with controls.International journal of cancer, 2002
In rats, at least the first rise in neuron activity was linked to a direct action of epitalon on brain cortex cells.Neuroscience and behavioral physiology, 2007
In mice, Epithalon changed the activity of 98 genes in the heart.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2002
In lab tests without cells, epithalon and two other peptides bound mainly to DNA fragments with a certain sequence pattern.Biochemistry. Biokhimiia, 2011

Epitalon studies on blood sugar

8 results · people 0 · animals 8 · lab 0

Top 5 of 8 results

In old monkeys, epitalon lowered basal blood insulin.Experimental gerontology, 2005
In old monkeys, epitalon lowered basal blood glucose.Experimental gerontology, 2005
In female monkeys, Epithalon restored the insulin response to a glucose dose.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2004
In female monkeys, Epithalon corrected the age-related drop in glucose tolerance.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2004
In old monkeys, epitalon brought the insulin response to a glucose dose back toward normal.Experimental gerontology, 2005

Epitalon studies on weight and appetite

8 results · people 0 · animals 8 · lab 0

Top 5 of 8 results

In mice, long-term Epitalon did not change food intake compared with saline.Biogerontology, 2003
In mice, long-term Epitalon did not change body weight compared with saline.Biogerontology, 2003
In mice, the pineal peptide did not change how much food the animals ate.Mechanisms of ageing and development, 2001
In mice, the pineal peptide treatment was followed by higher body weight.Mechanisms of ageing and development, 2001
In mice, epitalon did not change how much they ate.Voprosy onkologii, 2005

Epitalon studies on survival and serious illness

7 results · people 0 · animals 7 · lab 0

Top 3 of 7 results

In fast-aging mice, epitalon was followed by longer average survival of the longest-living animals.Voprosy onkologii, 2005
In mice prone to breast cancer, Epithalon lengthened average lifespan.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2002
In fast-aging mice, epitalon was followed by longer maximum survival.Voprosy onkologii, 2005

Epitalon studies on daily life and fitness

5 results · people 0 · animals 5 · lab 0

Top 3 of 5 results

In mice, the pineal peptide did not change physical strength.Mechanisms of ageing and development, 2001
In young rats, epitalon given from 4 months of age did not change exercise capacity.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2007
In mice, epithalon did not change physical activity.Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2001

Epitalon studies on kidneys and bladder

5 results · people 0 · animals 5 · lab 0

Top 3 of 5 results

In old rats, the peptide AEDG lowered the kidney filtration rate by 21%.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2018
In old rats, the peptide AEDG lowered the protein level in urine.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2018
In old rats, the peptide AEDG lowered the amount of protein lost in urine.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2018

Epitalon studies on sex hormones and fertility

10 results · people 0 · animals 4 · lab 6

Top 3 of 10 results

In female mice, Epitalon slowed the age-related loss of estrous cycles compared with saline.Biogerontology, 2003
In mice, epitalon prevented the rise in irregular reproductive cycles that comes with age.Voprosy onkologii, 2005
In female rats with disturbed body rhythms, epitalon prevented the disturbance of the daily dopamine pattern in one brain area.Current aging science, 2012

Epitalon studies on blood levels and clearance

2 results · people 0 · animals 2 · lab 0

2 results

In pregnant rabbits, labeled epithalon reached all tissues of the mother and crossed the placenta into the organs of the fetuses.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2005
In pregnant rabbits, labeled epithalon was found in placental tissue more often with placental insufficiency than in normal pregnancies.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2005

Epitalon studies on heart and blood vessels

2 results · people 0 · animals 2 · lab 0

2 results

In hypophysectomized chickens and old hens, epitalon largely removed the excess blood clotting tendency.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2004
In hypophysectomized chickens and old hens, epitalon largely restored clot breakdown.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2004

Epitalon studies on metabolism and nutrition

2 results · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 1

2 results

In mice, epithalon lowered body temperature.Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2001
In cells, epitalon did not change protein synthesis in rat liver cells.Izvestiia Akademii nauk. Seriia biologicheskaia, 2001

Epitalon studies on blood and clotting

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In chickens with the pituitary gland removed and in old birds, epithalon injections removed the changes in blood clotting measures.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2008

Epitalon studies on memory and thinking

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In old rats, epitalon given daily from 4 months of age reduced memory problems in a maze test.Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia, 2006

Epitalon studies on overall treatment results

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In chickens with the pituitary gland removed and in old birds, epithalon injections removed the changes in red blood cells.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2008

Epitalon studies on side effects

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In mice, long-term treatment with a small dose of Epitalon showed no toxic effect.In vivo, 2006

Epitalon studies on use, access and costs

2 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 2

2 results

In tobacco plant cell cultures, epitalon increased the growth of callus tissue.Biochemistry. Biokhimiia, 2017
In tobacco plants grown from callus, epitalon stimulated leaf formation and growth.Biochemistry. Biokhimiia, 2017

Epitalon studies on skin, hair and wounds

1 result · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 1

1 result

In lab-grown eye cells damaged by high glucose, Epitalon restored slowed wound healing.Stem cell reviews and reports, 2025

Trials and papers

Epitalon trials

Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.

StatusPhase

0 trials match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

No trial matches these filters.

Papers

Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.

Sort

Design

160 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.

Showing 18 of 160 studiesquery qry_be32dd0fc41ce2c9237f44a9

Studies with results

112 studies in all, 17 on this page

Not a test of Epitalon alone · 2019

6 results

Effect of short peptides on neuronal differentiation of stem cells.

Caputi et al. 2019International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologycited by 43

PMID 30791821PMC6376556DOI 10.1177/2058738419828613PUB-30791821

Free to read · publisher termsCC BY-NC2 results where Epitalon was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Read at source See results (6)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2001

10 results

Effect of synthetic thymic and pineal peptides on biomarkers of ageing, survival and spontaneous tumour incidence in female CBA mice.

Anisimov et al. 2001Mechanisms of ageing and developmentcited by 30

PMID 11163623DOI 10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00184-6PUB-11163623

Full text at the publisher10 results where Epitalon was given

Publisher page See results (10)

In vitro (cell-free) · 2011

13 results

Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.

Fedoreyeva et al. 2011Biochemistry. Biokhimiiacited by 29

PMID 22117547DOI 10.1134/s0006297911110022PUB-22117547

Full text at the publisher2 results where Epitalon was given (plus 1 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (13)

Animal study (in vivo) · drosophila melanogaster · 2000

4 results

Effect of epitalon on the lifespan increase in Drosophila melanogaster.

Khavinson et al. 2000Mechanisms of ageing and developmentcited by 28

PMID 11087911DOI 10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00217-7PUB-11087911

Full text at the publisher4 results where Epitalon was given

Publisher page See results (4)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2002

13 results

Inhibitory effect of the peptide epitalon on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice.

Anisimov et al. 2002International journal of cancercited by 22

PMID 12209581DOI 10.1002/ijc.10570PUB-12209581

Full text at the publisher8 results where Epitalon was given

Publisher page See results (13)

In vitro (cells) · 2020

9 results

AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism.

Khavinson et al. 2020Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)cited by 22

PMID 32019204PMC7037223DOI 10.3390/molecules25030609PUB-32019204

CC BY9 results where Epitalon was given

Download PDF See results (9)

In vitro (cells) · 2020

6 results

Short Peptides Protect Oral Stem Cells from Ageing.

Sinjari et al. 2020Stem cell reviews and reportscited by 18

PMID 31677028DOI 10.1007/s12015-019-09921-3PUB-31677028

Full text at the publisher2 results where Epitalon was given

Publisher page See results (6)

In vitro (cells) · 2003

3 results

Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells.

VKh et al. 2003Bulletin of experimental biology and medicinecited by 16

PMID 12937682DOI 10.1023/a:1025493705728PUB-12937682

Full text at the publisher3 results where Epitalon was given

Publisher page See results (3)

Animal study (in vivo) · rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) · 2005

7 results

Pineal peptides restore the age-related disturbances in hormonal functions of the pineal gland and the pancreas.

Goncharova et al. 2005Experimental gerontologycited by 15

PMID 15664732DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2004.10.004PUB-15664732

Full text at the publisher7 results where Epitalon was given

Publisher page See results (7)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2002

4 results

Studies of the effects of Vilon and Epithalon on gene expression in mouse heart using DNA-microarray technology.

Anisimov et al. 2002Bulletin of experimental biology and medicinecited by 14

PMID 12360356DOI 10.1023/a:1015859322630PUB-12360356

Full text at the publisher1 result where Epitalon was given (plus 3 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (4)

Not a test of Epitalon alone · 2007

3 results

Antioxidant properties of geroprotective peptides of the pineal gland.

Kozina et al. 2007Archives of gerontology and geriatricscited by 14

PMID 17317455DOI 10.1016/j.archger.2007.01.029PUB-17317455

Full text at the publisher3 results where Epitalon was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (3)

Animal study (in vivo) · rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) · 2001

2 results

Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys.

Khavinson et al. 2001Neuro endocrinology letterscited by 13

PMID 11524632PUB-11524632

Full text at the publisher2 results where Epitalon was given

Publisher page See results (2)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2002

7 results

Inhibitory effect of peptide Epitalon on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats.

Anisimov et al. 2002Cancer letterscited by 13

PMID 12049808DOI 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00090-3PUB-12049808

Full text at the publisher7 results where Epitalon was given

Publisher page See results (7)

Not a test of Epitalon alone · 2013

1 result

Short cell-penetrating peptides: a model of interactions with gene promoter sites.

VKh et al. 2013Bulletin of experimental biology and medicinecited by 13

PMID 23484211DOI 10.1007/s10517-013-1961-3PUB-23484211

Full text at the publisher1 result where Epitalon was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (1)

In vitro (cells) · rat · 2012

5 results

Molecular cellular mechanisms of peptide regulation of melatonin synthesis in pinealocyte culture.

VKh et al. 2012Bulletin of experimental biology and medicinecited by 12

PMID 22816096DOI 10.1007/s10517-012-1689-5PUB-22816096

Full text at the publisher3 results where Epitalon was given (plus 2 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (5)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat (lio) · 2003

5 results

Epitalon and colon carcinogenesis in rats: proliferative activity and apoptosis in colon tumors and mucosa.

Kossoy et al. 2003International journal of molecular medicinecited by 11

PMID 12964022DOI 10.3892/ijmm.12.4.473PUB-12964022

Full text at the publisher5 results where Epitalon was given

Publisher page See results (5)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse (female swiss-derived shr) · 2003

9 results

Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice.

Anisimov et al. 2003Biogerontologyn = 54cited by 10

PMID 14501183DOI 10.1023/a:1025114230714PUB-14501183

Full text at the publisher9 results where Epitalon was given

Publisher page See results (9)

More studies

19 studies in all, 1 on this page

PubMed tag: none · 2016

Characterization of OsLEA1a and its inhibitory effect on the resistance of E. coli to diverse abiotic stresses.

Hu et al. 2016International journal of biological macromoleculescited by 13

PMID 27339321DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.056PUB-27339321

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

No result for Epitalon (7 studies on this page, 29 in all)

These studies name Epitalon but give no result for it (for example, the results concern another peptide in the study).

PubMed tag: none · 2003

The role of pineal gland in breast cancer development.

Anisimov et al. 2003Critical reviews in oncology/hematologycited by 36

PMID 12791421DOI 10.1016/s1040-8428(03)00021-0PUB-12791421

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: none · 1993

Inhibition of neutrophil NADPH oxidase assembly by a myristoylated pseudosubstrate of protein kinase C.

Verhoeven et al. 1993The Journal of biological chemistrycited by 33

PMID 8360154DOI 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)46669-5PUB-08360154

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Review · 2020

Peptide Regulation of Cell Differentiation.

Khavinson et al. 2020Stem cell reviews and reportscited by 18

PMID 31808038DOI 10.1007/s12015-019-09938-8PUB-31808038

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: none · 2022

1 result

Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line.

Avolio et al. 2022International journal of molecular sciencescited by 15

PMID 35408963PMC8999041DOI 10.3390/ijms23073607PUB-35408963

CC BY1 result

Download PDF See results (1)

PubMed tag: Review · 2002

Peptides and Ageing.

VKh et al. 2002Neuro endocrinology letterscited by 14

PMID 12374906PUB-12374906

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

Indexing hint: Animal study · 2016

Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro.

Lin'kova et al. 2016Bulletin of experimental biology and medicinecited by 14

PMID 27259496DOI 10.1007/s10517-016-3370-xPUB-27259496

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

Indexing hint: Animal study · 2004

Stressors and antistressors: how do they influence life span in HER-2/neu transgenic mice?

Semenchenko et al. 2004Experimental gerontologycited by 12

PMID 15501020DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2004.08.007PUB-15501020

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

Newer studies

PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.

Epitalon studies: 112 papers with results

Page 1 of 3

Pineal-regulating tetrapeptide epitalon improves eye retina condition in retinitis pigmentosa.
Khavinson V · Neuro endocrinology letters · 2002
Other design · 3 results
[AEDG peptide regulates human circadian rhythms genes expression during pineal gland accelerated aging.]
Ivko OM · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2020
Other design · 4 results
Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice.
Anisimov VN · Biogerontology · 2003
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse (female swiss-derived shr) · 9 results
Effect of synthetic thymic and pineal peptides on biomarkers of ageing, survival and spontaneous tumour incidence in female CBA mice.
Anisimov VN · Mechanisms of ageing and development · 2001
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 10 results
Effect of epitalon on the lifespan increase in Drosophila melanogaster.
Khavinson VK · Mechanisms of ageing and development · 2000
Animal study (in vivo) · drosophila melanogaster · 4 results
Inhibitory effect of the peptide epitalon on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice.
Anisimov VN · International journal of cancer · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 13 results
Pineal peptides restore the age-related disturbances in hormonal functions of the pineal gland and the pancreas.
Goncharova ND · Experimental gerontology · 2005
Animal study (in vivo) · rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) · 7 results
Studies of the effects of Vilon and Epithalon on gene expression in mouse heart using DNA-microarray technology.
Anisimov SV · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 4 results
Inhibitory effect of peptide Epitalon on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats.
Anisimov VN · Cancer letters · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 7 results
Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys.
Khavinson V · Neuro endocrinology letters · 2001
Animal study (in vivo) · rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) · 2 results
Epitalon and colon carcinogenesis in rats: proliferative activity and apoptosis in colon tumors and mucosa.
Kossoy G · International journal of molecular medicine · 2003
Animal study (in vivo) · rat (lio) · 5 results
Regulatory effect of Epithalon on production of melatonin and cortisol in old monkeys.
Goncharova ND · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2001
Animal study (in vivo) · rhesus monkey · 2 results
Effect of pineal tetrapeptide on antioxidant defense in Drosophila melanogaster.
Khavinson VK · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2000
Animal study (in vivo) · drosophila melanogaster · 2 results
Effect of epithalon on the incidence of chromosome aberrations in senescence-accelerated mice.
Rosenfeld SV · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 3 results
Effect of Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide on life span and development of spontaneous tumors in female rats exposed to different illumination regimes.
Vinogradova IA · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2007
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 7 results
Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster.
Khavinson VK · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2000
Animal study (in vivo) · drosophila melanogaster · 2 results
Epitalon influences pineal secretion in stress-exposed rats in the daytime.
Sibarov DA · Neuro endocrinology letters · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
Geroprotective effect of ala-glu-asp-gly peptide in male rats exposed to different illumination regimens.
Vinogradova IA · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2008
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results
Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H/He mice.
Kossoy G · In vivo (Athens, Greece) · 2006
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 3 results
Effect of epitalon on interleukin-1beta signal transduction and the reaction of thymocyte blast transformation under stress.
Khavinson VKh · Neuro endocrinology letters · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 5 results
Effects of epithalon on activities gastrointestinal enzymes in young and old rats.
Khavinson VKh · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results
Epithalon inhibits tumor growth and expression of HER-2/neu oncogene in breast tumors in transgenic mice characterized by accelerated aging.
Anisimov VN · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2 results
[Effect of epithalone on growth kinetics and functional morphology of M-1 sarcoma].
Khavinson VKh · Voprosy onkologii · 2001
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 6 results
[Effect of epitalon and melatonin on life span and spontaneous carcinogenesis in senescence accelerated mice (SAM)].
Anisimov VN · Voprosy onkologii · 2005
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 9 results
Effect of melatonin and tetrapeptide on gene expression in mouse brain.
Anisimov SV · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2004
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 3 results
Retinoprotective effect of Epithalon in campbell rats of various ages.
Khavinson VKh · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2003
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2 results
Epithalon decelerates aging and suppresses development of breast adenocarcinomas in transgenic her-2/neu mice.
Anisimov VN · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 11 results
Effect of Vilon and Epithalon on glucose and glycine absorption in various regions of small intestine in aged rats.
Khavinson VKh · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results
Immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis of effects of vilon and epithalon on functional morphology of radiosensitive organs.
Khavinson VK · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2001
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2 results
Effects of Geroprotectors on Age-Related Changes in Proteolytic Digestive Enzyme Activities at Different Lighting Conditions.
Morozov AV · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2015
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2 results
Effects of bioactive tetrapeptides on free-radical processes.
Kozina LS · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2007
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 8 results
[Age-related changes of exercise capacity and some biochemical indices of rat muscles under influence of different light conditions and pineal preparations].
Vingradova IA · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2007
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results
Interleukin-2 concentration in hypothalamic structures of rats receiving peptides during mild stress.
Barabanova SV · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2006
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results
[Effect of age, different light conditions, melatonin, and epitalon on lysosomal proteinase activity in the liver and kidneys of rats].
Rendakov NL · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2006
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1 result
[The pineal gland's peptides factors and the rhythms of functions of the thymus and bone marrow in animals during aging].
Labunets IF · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2004
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2 results
[Effect of epitalon on the immunity and hemostasis in hypophysectomized chicken and old hens].
Kuznik BI · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2004
Animal study (in vivo) · chicken · 5 results
Modulating effects of epithalamin and epithalon on the functional morphology of the spleen in old pinealectomized rats.
Khavinson VK · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2001
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1 result
[Effect of vilon and epithalone on induction and growth of induced bladder neoplasms in rats].
Pliss GB · Voprosy onkologii · 2001
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1 result
[The influence of peptides on the morphofunctional state of old rats kidneys.]
Zamorskii II · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2018
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 18 results
Melatonin and pineal gland peptides are able to correct the impairment of reproductive cycles in rats.
Arutjunyan A · Current aging science · 2012
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2 results
[Effects of epithalon and cortagene on immunity and hemostasis in neonatally hypophysectomized chicken and old birds].
Kuznik BI · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2008
Animal study (in vivo) · chicken · 8 results
[The influence of melatonin and epithalon on blood leukocyte count and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in rats under different lighting conditions during ontogenesis].
Uzenbaeva LB · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2008
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 5 results
Effects of intranasal administration of epitalon on neuron activity in the rat neocortex.
Sibarov DA · Neuroscience and behavioral physiology · 2007
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
[Circannual rhythms of bone marrow cell composition in animals during aging: the role of pineal factors].
Labunets' IF · Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine : 1994) · 2007
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2 results
[Comparative study of the effects of melatonin and epitalon on the protracted memory under the shuttle labyrinth test conditions in rats in the course of aging].
Vinogradova IA · Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia · 2006
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1 result
[Influence of light regimens, melatonin, and epitalon on amylase activity in the pancreas and small intestine in rats of different age].
Svechkina EB · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2006
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results
Fluorescent microscopic study of epithalon binding in maternal and fetal rabbit tissues in health and under conditions of placental insufficiency.
Lapina EA · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2005
Animal study (in vivo) · rabbit · 2 results
Peptide correction of age-related hormonal dysfunction of the pancreas in monkeys.
Goncharova ND · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2004
Animal study (in vivo) · rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) · 2 results
Effect of vilon and epithalon on activity of enzymes in epithelial and subepithelial layers in small intestine of old rats.
Khavinson VKh · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · rat (aged wistar) · 2 results
Effect of epithalon on age-specific changes in the retina in rats with hereditary pigmentary dystrophy.
Khavinson VKh · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2002
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results

Status and safety

Regulatory and safety

Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction, with date and source
Jurisdiction	Body	Status	As of	Source
US	FDA	FDA orphan designation for treatment of retinitis pigmentosa, designated 2010-09-02, sponsor BioDiem Ltd, status 'Designated/Designation Withdrawn or Revoked'. FDA briefing: no USP/NF monograph and not a component of an FDA-approved drug.	30 Oct 2026	Not recorded
EU	EMA	No entry in EMA medicines data or EMA orphan designation data.	30 Oct 2026	Not recorded
Sport	WADA	Banned in sport (WADA S0) S0 covers substances not approved for human use; Epitalon is not named on the List.	2026 List	wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab)

Safety outcomes

4 safety results for Epitalon.

No safety results from studies in people

The safety results below come from animal or lab studies. They do not show what happens in people.

Animal evidence· 4

In female SHR mice, long-term Epitalon treatment did not influence food consumption.
Animal study (in vivo)Mouse (female Swiss-derived SHR)n = 54
In female SHR mice, long-term Epitalon treatment did not influence body weight.
Animal study (in vivo)Mouse (female Swiss-derived SHR)n = 54
In female SHR mice, Epitalon treatment did not influence total spontaneous tumor incidence.
Animal study (in vivo)Mouse (female Swiss-derived SHR)n = 54
In female C3H/He mice, long-term low-dose Epitalon showed no toxic effect.
Animal study (in vivo)mouse

Doses studied · 22

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

1.0 µg/mouseAnimal
Species
Mouse (female Swiss-derived SHR)
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
From 3 months of age until natural death, 5 consecutive days every month
Design
Animal study (in vivo) · n = 54
0.1 microg/animalAnimal
Species
mouse
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
monthly for five consecutive days from the age of 6 months until natural death
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
0.001 x 10(-6) to 5 x 10(-6) wt.% of culture mediumAnimal
Species
Drosophila melanogaster
Route
added to culture medium
Duration
developmental stage only (egg to larva)
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
0.01 x 10(-6) to 0.1 x 10(-6) wt.% of culture mediumAnimal
Species
Drosophila melanogaster
Route
added to culture medium
Duration
developmental stage only (egg to larva)
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
1 microg/mouseAnimal
Species
mouse
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
Not reported
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
1 microgAnimal
Species
rat
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
during the whole experiment
Design
Animal study (in vivo)

Doses studied in the study results, as given in the studies.
Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design
1.0 µg/mouse	Animal	Mouse (female Swiss-derived SHR)	subcutaneous	From 3 months of age until natural death, 5 consecutive days every month	Animal study (in vivo) · n = 54
0.1 microg/animal	Animal	mouse	subcutaneous	monthly for five consecutive days from the age of 6 months until natural death	Animal study (in vivo)
0.001 x 10(-6) to 5 x 10(-6) wt.% of culture medium	Animal	Drosophila melanogaster	added to culture medium	developmental stage only (egg to larva)	Animal study (in vivo)
0.01 x 10(-6) to 0.1 x 10(-6) wt.% of culture medium	Animal	Drosophila melanogaster	added to culture medium	developmental stage only (egg to larva)	Animal study (in vivo)
1 microg/mouse	Animal	mouse	subcutaneous	Not reported	Animal study (in vivo)
1 microg	Animal	rat	subcutaneous	during the whole experiment	Animal study (in vivo)

6 of 22 shown

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Data

Data and API

Data version, change history and code for this peptide.

Data version 30856030 Oct 2026

Peptide

Peptide id: PEP-000014
Peptide version: 8
Peptide hash: 10920add8cb5e050…
Data version: 308560

Latest changes

30 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 308548
27 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 256678
22 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 254513
21 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 213610
14 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 194685
13 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 173535

For developers

curl -s https://pepbank.io/v1/briefs/epitalon

Evidence summary for Epitalon: counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.

Peptide as JSON Evidence summary as JSON

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Aging markersWhole body	Human: 4 results from 1 study: 2 increase, 2 decrease. Strongest design: Other design	Animal: 42 results from 18 studies: 15 increase, 11 decrease, 6 no significant change, 2 mixed, 8 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 33 results from 11 studies: 13 increase, 14 decrease, 3 no significant change, 2 mixed, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	79
Vision and retinaEye	Human: 1 result from 1 study: 1 not reported. Strongest design: Other design	Animal: 7 results from 3 studies: 7 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 increase. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	10
Tumor growthCancer	No results	Animal: 51 results from 15 studies: 8 increase, 31 decrease, 11 no significant change, 1 mixed. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	51
Receptor activity and mechanismPharmacology	No results	Animal: 8 results from 5 studies: 2 increase, 3 decrease, 2 mixed, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 16 results from 9 studies: 5 increase, 5 decrease, 6 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	Computer model: 2 results from 2 studies: 2 not reported. Strongest design: In silico	26
Immune responseImmune and inflammation	No results	Animal: 15 results from 9 studies: 4 increase, 6 decrease, 5 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 6 results from 4 studies: 5 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	21
NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 7 results from 2 studies: 3 increase, 1 decrease, 1 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 10 results from 3 studies: 9 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	17
Gastrointestinal functionGastrointestinal	No results	Animal: 11 results from 4 studies: 6 increase, 3 decrease, 2 mixed. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	11
Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health	No results	Animal: 4 results from 4 studies: 3 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 6 results from 1 study: 6 increase. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	10
Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 8 results from 2 studies: 2 increase, 3 decrease, 1 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	8
MortalityAging and longevity	No results	Animal: 7 results from 2 studies: 7 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	7
Exercise and physical functionWhole body	No results	Animal: 5 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 1 decrease, 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	5
Kidney functionKidney and urinary	No results	Animal: 5 results from 1 study: 1 increase, 4 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	5

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Aging markersWhole body	Human: 4 results from 1 study: 2 increase, 2 decrease. Strongest design: Other design	Animal: 42 results from 18 studies: 15 increase, 11 decrease, 6 no significant change, 2 mixed, 8 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 33 results from 11 studies: 13 increase, 14 decrease, 3 no significant change, 2 mixed, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	79
Vision and retinaEye	Human: 1 result from 1 study: 1 not reported. Strongest design: Other design	Animal: 7 results from 3 studies: 7 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 increase. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	10
Tumor growthCancer	No results	Animal: 51 results from 15 studies: 8 increase, 31 decrease, 11 no significant change, 1 mixed. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	51
Receptor activity and mechanismPharmacology	No results	Animal: 8 results from 5 studies: 2 increase, 3 decrease, 2 mixed, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 16 results from 9 studies: 5 increase, 5 decrease, 6 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	Computer model: 2 results from 2 studies: 2 not reported. Strongest design: In silico	26
Immune responseImmune and inflammation	No results	Animal: 15 results from 9 studies: 4 increase, 6 decrease, 5 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 6 results from 4 studies: 5 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	21
NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 7 results from 2 studies: 3 increase, 1 decrease, 1 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 10 results from 3 studies: 9 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	17
Gastrointestinal functionGastrointestinal	No results	Animal: 11 results from 4 studies: 6 increase, 3 decrease, 2 mixed. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	11
Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health	No results	Animal: 4 results from 4 studies: 3 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 6 results from 1 study: 6 increase. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	10
Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 8 results from 2 studies: 2 increase, 3 decrease, 1 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	8
MortalityAging and longevity	No results	Animal: 7 results from 2 studies: 7 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	7
Exercise and physical functionWhole body	No results	Animal: 5 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 1 decrease, 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	5
Kidney functionKidney and urinary	No results	Animal: 5 results from 1 study: 1 increase, 4 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	5

Epitalon studies and research data

Epitalon identity

Targets

Sequence and structure

Sequence

Properties

Net charge by pH

Composition

3D structure

2D structure

Epitalon results by year and outcome

What the studies measured

Epitalon studies on cells, genes and aging

Epitalon studies on eyes

Epitalon studies on cancer

Epitalon studies on immune system and inflammation

Epitalon studies on stomach and gut

Epitalon studies on brain and nerves

Epitalon studies on receptors and cell signals

Epitalon studies on blood sugar

Epitalon studies on weight and appetite

Epitalon studies on survival and serious illness

Epitalon studies on daily life and fitness

Epitalon studies on kidneys and bladder

Epitalon studies on sex hormones and fertility

Epitalon studies on blood levels and clearance

Epitalon studies on heart and blood vessels

Epitalon studies on metabolism and nutrition

Epitalon studies on blood and clotting

Epitalon studies on memory and thinking

Epitalon studies on overall treatment results

Epitalon studies on side effects

Epitalon studies on use, access and costs

Epitalon studies on skin, hair and wounds

Epitalon trials

Papers

Studies with results

Effect of short peptides on neuronal differentiation of stem cells.

Effect of synthetic thymic and pineal peptides on biomarkers of ageing, survival and spontaneous tumour incidence in female CBA mice.

Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.

Effect of epitalon on the lifespan increase in Drosophila melanogaster.

Inhibitory effect of the peptide epitalon on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice.

AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism.

Short Peptides Protect Oral Stem Cells from Ageing.

Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells.

Pineal peptides restore the age-related disturbances in hormonal functions of the pineal gland and the pancreas.

Studies of the effects of Vilon and Epithalon on gene expression in mouse heart using DNA-microarray technology.

Antioxidant properties of geroprotective peptides of the pineal gland.

Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys.

Inhibitory effect of peptide Epitalon on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats.

Short cell-penetrating peptides: a model of interactions with gene promoter sites.

Molecular cellular mechanisms of peptide regulation of melatonin synthesis in pinealocyte culture.

Epitalon and colon carcinogenesis in rats: proliferative activity and apoptosis in colon tumors and mucosa.

Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice.

More studies

Characterization of OsLEA1a and its inhibitory effect on the resistance of E. coli to diverse abiotic stresses.

The role of pineal gland in breast cancer development.

Inhibition of neutrophil NADPH oxidase assembly by a myristoylated pseudosubstrate of protein kinase C.

Peptide Regulation of Cell Differentiation.

Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line.

Peptides and Ageing.

Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro.

Stressors and antistressors: how do they influence life span in HER-2/neu transgenic mice?

Newer studies

Epitalon studies: 112 papers with results

Regulatory and safety

Animal evidence· 4

Doses studied · 22

Data and API

Peptide

Latest changes

For developers

Related peptides

Epitalon results by year and outcome

Epitalon studies on cells, genes and aging

Epitalon studies on eyes

Epitalon studies on cancer

Epitalon studies on immune system and inflammation

Epitalon studies on stomach and gut

Epitalon studies on brain and nerves