Peptides / Longevity and mitochondria

Small molecule · 663.4 Da

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

Approved in ChinaNot banned in sport

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every cell, and people take it as a supplement. No NAD+ drug is approved in the US or EU, and most studies are in animals and lab cells, with a few small studies in people. PepBank shows 40 results on NAD+ from 4 studies in people, and 298 from animal and lab studies. The strongest evidence is a randomized trial in people. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Also known as NAD, NAD+, DPN, NSC-20272, Codehydrogenase I, Coenzyme I and 8 more

2D structure of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

Small molecule, shown without its saltPubChem 5892

Evidence level: Some studies in people40 of 338 results come from studies in people.

Results in people

12% of 338 results

Results in animals

176

52% of 338 results

Results in lab cells

122

36% of 338 results

From computer models

0% of 338 results

Overview

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) at a glance

What it is	Small molecule
Approval	Approved in China only
In sport	Not listed as banned by WADA
Studies	79 studies with results. 48 of them gave NAD+, with 338 results. 40 in people176 in animals122 in lab cells
Best study in people	Randomized controlled trial with 180 people (2026)
Clinical trials	16 registered: 10 active or planned, 0 with posted results
Community use	Anti-aging, energy, cognitive function, hangover recovery, athletic recovery and general longevity (S1 summary of what the community targets); Recovery after illness or feeling run down (one podcast host's account, as summarised by AI); Reducing craving and withdrawal in substance use (older clinic work; one London clinic client reports easier codeine withdrawal)

The science

What is NAD+?

A coenzyme found in every cell, made of two linked nucleotides. It is a small molecule, not a protein. People in the longevity community take it as IV infusions, injections under the skin or into muscle, nasal or sublingual forms and oral supplements. No NAD+ drug is approved in the US or EU. One injection (coenzyme I for injection, Enaidi) has been approved in China since 2002 for heart and white blood cell uses, according to news reports.

338

Study results in PepBank

The history of NAD+

1961
The oldest paper on NAD+ in PepBank is from 1961.
2021January
A registered trial of NAD+ started (NCT04604704).

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) structure and chemistry

The key facts about the molecule. Long codes are in the closed section below.

Structure

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a small molecule, not a peptide chain.

Formula

C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂

Molecular weight

663.4 g/mol

CAS number

53-84-9

Targets

Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (gene PARP1): substrate (used up by the enzyme)Evidence: UniProt catalytic activityNAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (gene SIRT1): co-substrate (used up by the enzyme)Evidence: UniProt catalytic activityADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 (gene CD38): substrate (broken down by the enzyme)Evidence: UniProt catalytic activity

Development

Knature Biopharmaceutical (Hefei, China) markets coenzyme I for injection in China. In the US, the sponsors of the registered NAD+ studies include Nutraceuticals Research Institute (injection comparison with nicotinamide riboside), AgelessRx (a telehealth company; NAD+ nasal spray and patch studies) and BioNADrx (oral NAD+). No drug maker holds a US or EU NAD+ product. Highest phase: past the trial stage (see status).

Identifiers

PubChem 5892, ChEMBL CHEMBL1234613, UNII 0U46U6E8UK, DrugBank DB14128, KEGG D00002

SMILES and InChIKey

InChIKey
BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N

SMILES
C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)N4C=NC5=C(N=CN=C54)N)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N

See charge, composition and 3D structure on the Scientific page

The evidence

What NAD+ studies show

Results grouped by what the studies measured. Each card shows where its results come from.

Some studies in people40 of 338 results come from studies in people.

Heart and blood vessels

68 results · 9 in people · 28 animal · 31 lab

In adults with ischemic cardiomyopathy, NAD+ improved heart pumping function more than placebo at one month. American journal of cardiovascular drugs, 2026

Top results

In adults with ischemic cardiomyopathy, NAD+ improved heart pumping function more than placebo at one month. (American journal of cardiovascular drugs, 2026)
In adults with ischemic cardiomyopathy, composite cardiac and stroke events tended to be fewer with NAD+ than placebo, without statistical significance. (American journal of cardiovascular drugs, 2026)
In rats after resuscitation, NAD+ increased mean arterial pressure compared with controls. (Critical care medicine, 2022)

Bones and joints

5 results · 5 in people

In a woman with rheumatoid arthritis, NAD+ infusions were linked to improved swelling. ACR open rheumatology, 2026

Top results

In a woman with rheumatoid arthritis, NAD+ infusions were linked to improved swelling. (ACR open rheumatology, 2026)
In a woman with rheumatoid arthritis, NAD+ infusions were linked to improved morning movement. (ACR open rheumatology, 2026)
In a woman with rheumatoid arthritis, NAD+ infusions were linked to improved function. (ACR open rheumatology, 2026)

Liver

17 results · 3 in people · 7 animal · 7 lab

In commercial clients receiving NAD+ infusions, ALT did not significantly change. Frontiers in aging, 2026

Top results

In commercial clients receiving NAD+ infusions, ALT did not significantly change. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients receiving NAD+ infusions, AST did not significantly change. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients, ALP decreased with NAD+ infusions and remained within normal reference ranges. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)

Cholesterol and blood fats

2 results · 2 in people

In commercial clients, NAD+ infusions were linked to reduced HDL-C. Frontiers in aging, 2026

Top results

In commercial clients, NAD+ infusions were linked to reduced HDL-C. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients receiving NAD+ infusions, LDL-C did not change. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)

Pain

2 results · 2 in people

In a woman with rheumatoid arthritis, NAD+ infusions were linked to rapid pain relief. ACR open rheumatology, 2026

Top results

In a woman with rheumatoid arthritis, NAD+ infusions were linked to rapid pain relief. (ACR open rheumatology, 2026)
In a woman with rheumatoid arthritis, NAD+ infusions were linked to improved pain medicine use. (ACR open rheumatology, 2026)

Immune system and inflammation

30 results · 1 in people · 22 animal · 7 lab

In commercial clients receiving NAD+ infusions, hsCRP did not significantly change. Frontiers in aging, 2026

Top results

In commercial clients receiving NAD+ infusions, hsCRP did not significantly change. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In mice with EAE, NAD+ treatment reduced inflammatory T cell responses. (International immunopharmacology, 2016)
In mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced microglial activation. (International immunopharmacology, 2021)

All 4 studies in people

In people

In adults with ischemic cardiomyopathy, NAD+ improved heart pumping function more than placebo at one month.

2026American journal of cardiovascular drugs180 people

In people

During NAD+ infusion in people, plasma NAD+ did not change until after 2 h.

2019Frontiers in aging neuroscience

In people

In commercial clients, all symptoms during infusions, including NAD+ infusions, stopped when the infusion ended.

2026Frontiers in aging

In people

In a woman with rheumatoid arthritis receiving NAD+ infusions, no infusion-related side effects were reported.

2026ACR open rheumatology1 person

All 79 NAD+ studies by area Open the Scientific page

Key NAD+ studies

Studies in people come first, then studies in animals and in the lab.

People
Effect of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide on Heart Failure Caused by Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Yu et al. 2026 · American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 180 people · cited by 3
9 results
People
A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Human Plasma and Urine NAD+ Metabolome During a 6 Hour Intravenous Infusion of NAD
Grant et al. 2019 · Frontiers in aging neuroscience · cited by 35
9 results
People
Intravenous infusion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>) versus nicotinamide riboside (NR): a retrospective tolerability pilot study in a real-world setting
Reyna et al. 2026 · Frontiers in aging · cited by 1
14 results
People
Symptomatic and Ultrasonographic Improvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis Temporally Associated with Intravenous NAD<sup>+</sup> Therapy: A Case Report
Itani et al. 2026 · ACR open rheumatology · 1 person · cited by 0
8 results
Animals
Exogenous supplemental NAD+ protect myocardium against myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury in swine model
Zhai et al. 2019 · American journal of translational research · 14 subjects · cited by 22
6 results

All 79 NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) studies

NAD+ clinical trials

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 16 trials of NAD+. 10 are active or planned, and 0 have posted results. PepBank does not show trial results.

Solid bars are dates that happened. Hatched bars are planned dates. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

"cindilizumab + Bevacizumab + Coenzyme I for Injection" in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Phase 4status unknown37 planned

Combination Gerotherapeutic Interventions for Healthspan Improvement

Phase 3active, not recruiting30 planned

PEDIatric Cardiac Dysfunction Treated With Injectable Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Phase 2not yet recruiting180 planned

1 NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) trial

Status and safety

Is NAD+ approved?

FDA

United States

Not approved

No approved medicine contains it.

EMA

European Union

Not approved

No approved medicine contains it.

WADA

Sport

Not banned

Not on the 2026 Prohibited List.

Yes. Approved in China only. No FDA approval and no central EU authorisation (EMA). Not listed as banned by WADA.

Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

NAD+ side effects and safety

PepBank has 13 safety results from studies of NAD+. 12 of them come from studies in people.

Safety results from studies (13)

In commercial clients, NAD+ infusions were linked to moderate to severe digestive symptoms. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In a woman with rheumatoid arthritis receiving NAD+ infusions, no infusion-related side effects were reported. (ACR open rheumatology, 2026)
In commercial clients, NAD+ infusions were linked to increased heart rate. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients, NAD+ infusions were linked to chest pressure. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients, all symptoms during infusions, including NAD+ infusions, stopped when the infusion ended. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients, NAD+ infusion took longer than NR infusion because of symptoms. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients receiving NAD+ infusions, ALT did not significantly change. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients receiving NAD+ infusions, AST did not significantly change. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients receiving NAD+ infusions, hsCRP did not significantly change. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients receiving NAD+ infusions, BUN/creatinine did not significantly change. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients receiving NAD+ infusions, TSH did not significantly change. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In commercial clients, ALP decreased with NAD+ infusions and remained within normal reference ranges. (Frontiers in aging, 2026)
In cells, NAD did not impair primary astrocyte survival. (Frontiers in bioscience, 2011)

See every safety result on the Scientific page

Doses studied (31 shown)

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design	Source
10 mg/day	Human	human	intravenous	7 days	Randomized trial in people · n = 180	Yu 2026
3 μmol/min	Human	human	intravenous	6 h	Trial in people without random groups	Grant 2019
500 mg	Human	human	intravenous	four consecutive days	Observational study	Reyna 2026
250 mg	Human	human	intravenous	four infusions every 2 weeks	Reports of single patients · n = 1	Itani 2026
20 mg/kg	Animal	pig	Not reported	Not reported	Study in live animals · n = 14	Zhai 2019
200 mg NAD in 7 ml 40 per cent. Gk-solution	Animal	Wistar rat	infusion	Not reported	Study in live animals · n = 6	von 1976
10 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intranasal	Not reported	Study in live animals	Ying 2007
50mg/kg	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	Not reported	Study in live animals	Zheng 2012
10-20 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intravenous	Not reported	Study in live animals	Zhang 2016
20 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intravenous	Not reported	Study in live animals	Zhang 2016
20 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intranasal	Not reported	Study in live animals	Won 2012
250mg/kg (body weight) once daily	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	Not reported	Study in live animals	Wang 2016
10 mg/kg	Animal	rat	Not reported	14 days	Study in live animals	Liu 2019
1 mg/kg/day	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	4 weeks	Study in live animals	Roh 2018
125 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intraperitoneal	Not reported	Study in live animals	Sheng 2012
625 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intraperitoneal	Not reported	Study in live animals	Sheng 2012
20 mg/kg	Animal	rat	IV	Not reported	Study in live animals	Su 2022
5 mg/kg	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	Not reported	Study in live animals	Xu 2024
250 mg/kg/day	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	4 weeks	Study in live animals	Song 2025
200 nmole X kg-1 X X min-1	Animal	rat	intravenous	Not reported	Study in live animals	Redlak 1986
50 nmole X kg-1 X min-1	Animal	rat	intravenous	Not reported	Study in live animals	Redlak 1986
20 mg/kg	Animal	swine	intravenous	1 hour	Study in live animals	Chen 2026
250 mg/kg/day	Animal	mouse	injection	Not reported	Study in live animals	Zheng 2025
10 mcM	Lab	rat	Not reported	Not reported	Study on tissue taken from a body · n = 8	Pustovit 2014
100 mcM	Lab	rat	Not reported	Not reported	Study on tissue taken from a body · n = 8	Pustovit 2014
10-100 μM	Lab	rat	Not reported	Not reported	Study on tissue taken from a body	Kuzmin 2016
100 microM	Lab	rat	Not reported	Not reported	Study on tissue taken from a body	Broetto-Biazon 2008
25-100 microM	Lab	rat	portal vein infusion	Not reported	Study on tissue taken from a body	Martins 2006
10 μM	Lab	rat	Not reported	Not reported	Study on tissue taken from a body	Pustovit 2015
500 to 1000 μm	Lab	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study on cells in a dish	Liu 2014
10 micromolar to 1 mM	Lab	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study on cells in a dish	Zhao 2011

From the community

How people use it

What people report online. It comes from forums and guides, not from studies.

Community-reported. Not tested in trials.

Sources report that people use NAD+ as IV drips in clinics, usually 250 to 1,000 mg per session over several hours, and as injections under the skin, usually 50 to 100 mg two or three times a week. The reported side effects are nausea, flushing, headache and chest tightness, which sources link to a fast drip. No NAD+ product is approved in the US or EU, so there is no label dose, and FDA has warned about contaminated compounded NAD+ injections.

Reported routines and cautions

What people use it for

Anti-aging, energy, cognitive function, hangover recovery, athletic recovery and general longevity (S1 summary of what the community targets)S1
Recovery after illness or feeling run down (one podcast host's account, as summarised by AI)S6
Reducing craving and withdrawal in substance use (older clinic work; one London clinic client reports easier codeine withdrawal)S1S5

Reported regimens

Regimens that community sources report for NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). Community-reported, not tested in trials.
Context	Route	Amount	How often	How long	Agreement	Sources
Clinic IV infusion: a loading series, then monthly sessions (wiki protocol) and a four-day real-world series	intravenous infusiongiven in clinics; the sources tie side effects to the speed of the drip	250 to 500 mg per session	differs: 4 to 5 sessions over 2 weeks (S1); four consecutive days (S4)	2 weeks of loading, then monthly (S1); four days with 30 days of follow-up (S4)	2 independent sources (S1 wiki, S4 clinic review) agree on 250 to 500 mg per session; they differ on the number of sessions (4 to 5 over 2 weeks, or 4 on consecutive days).	S1S2S4
Clinic IV infusion at higher amounts, with long infusion times	intravenous infusionsources say the drip runs for hours	500 to 1000 mg per session	differs: weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly (S1); at least six infusions in the first 2 weeks, then tapering (S9, for 750 to 1,000 mg)	ongoing (S1); first 2 weeks of loading then maintenance (S9)	sources agree on 500 to 1,000 mg per session for clinic drips (S1, S6, S8, S9); frequency and infusion time differ (2 to 6 hours). S8 and S9 are sellers; S6 and S7 are AI summaries; S1 is an affiliate wiki.	S1S6 S7
Home or clinic injection under the skin as an alternative to IV, with slow build-up of the amount	subcutaneous injectionS1 calls it a home-use alternative to IV	50 to 100 mg per dose	2 to 3 times weekly (S1); one clinic runs 5 injections a week for up to 6 weeks and then 2 to 3 a week (S8, dose not stated)	8 to 12 weeks (S1); up to 6 weeks in the first course (S8)	single non-vendor source (S1, an affiliate wiki) for the amount; S8 is a seller and gives a different frequency without a dose	S1
Sublingual tablet or lozenge	sublingualS2 says human data on sublingual and intranasal NAD+ are poor	50 to 200 mg per day	daily	Not stated	single source (an affiliate wiki)	S2

Reported side effects

nausea, abdominal cramping and diarrhea during IV infusionsS3S4
warmth, flushing and skin redness during IV infusions, which sources link to the speed of the dripS3
headache during and after IV sessionsS3S5 S12
chest tightness or chest pressure during IV infusions; sources say it eased when the rate was lowered or the drip endedS3S4 S5 S12
faster heart rate during infusion (clients of a commercial clinic)S4
fatigue and muscle aches for 24 to 48 hours after infusion (anecdotal, per the wiki)S3
palpitations, chest tightness, burning in the arm veins, then days of insomnia and headache after one clinic drip in Beijing (a hospital linked it to too much NAD+)S12
severe chills, shaking, vomiting and fatigue after NAD+ injectable drugs, which FDA links to excess endotoxin in contaminated productS10

Reported benefits (claims, not shown in trials)

a surge of energy and better mood the same day and for about 8 days after one infusion (one writer)S5
better sleep, vigor and recovery after two infusions (one podcast host, as summarised by AI)S6
easier codeine withdrawal after NAD+ infusions (one unnamed person quoted by a London clinic)S5

Cautions

FDA says some compounders used food-grade NAD+ to make IV products, and that food-grade material carries a high risk of microbes and endotoxin. FDA has adverse event reports after NAD+ injectable drugs.S10
A GenoGenix LLC NAD+ for injection (100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL vials) was recalled in a Class I recall for elevated endotoxin (recall begun 2025-07-30, status ongoing).S14 S11
Sources say published evidence for IV NAD+ is limited. S3 says chronic toxicity data for IV NAD+ are absent and that use rests on experience. S11 reports a 2026 systematic review that found no eligible controlled trials of IV, IM or SC NAD for anti-aging or wellness.S3S11
S3 lists active cancer treatment as a theoretical concern, and PARP inhibitors as a possible interaction (NAD+ is the substrate PARP enzymes use). These are stated as theory, not as observed harm.S3
S12 (Guangming Online, credited to CCTV News) says the Chinese approved product is for three adjuvant uses by intramuscular injection, and that using it as an IV anti-aging drip is outside the approved use.S12

Status notes

No NAD+ drug is approved in the US or EU. FDA lists NAD in 503A category 1 (under evaluation) and beta-NAD in 503B category 1; the disodium salt trihydrate is in category 3 of both lists. These are not approvals.S19 S20
One NAD+ injection is reported to be approved in China since 2002 (coenzyme I for injection, brand Enaidi). The reported uses are adjuvant treatment of coronary heart disease, myocarditis and leukopenia, by intramuscular injection. The Guangming Online text states the intramuscular route, and a surgeon it quotes gives 5 mg as the dose; the dose is an expert quote, not label text. The label itself was not read.S12 S13 S16
WADA does not name NAD+ on the 2026 List. Rule M2.2 limits IV infusions or injections to 100 mL in 12 hours except in hospital treatment, surgery or diagnostic work.S21
Registered studies give NAD+ at set amounts. NCT06919328 compares 100 mg NAD+ in 2 mL by IM, SC and IV push with a nicotinamide riboside product and placebo. NCT07839130 plans IV NAD at 2 or 4 mg/kg/day for 7 days in children with cardiac dysfunction. NCT07475546 uses a 30 mg/day NAD+ nasal spray inside a drug combination. NCT07336836 gives 500 mg of an oral NAD+ product. These are study doses, not community practice.S15 S16 S18
S11 reports the review authors' argument that NAD+ is a large polar molecule not expected to cross cell membranes intact, so uptake of infused NAD+ is unclear.S11

Community sources

S1NAD+: Community Protocols & Anecdotal Reports (page says it is based on 200 community reports)peptideprotocolwiki.comcarries seller links, not linked
S2NAD+ Dosing Protocols and Administrationpeptideprotocolwiki.comcarries seller links, not linked
S3NAD+: Side Effectspeptideprotocolwiki.comcarries seller links, not linked
S4Intravenous infusion of NAD+ versus nicotinamide riboside (NR): a retrospective tolerability pilot study in a real-world setting (Frontiers in Aging, 2026; abstract file) (opens in a new tab)frontiersin.org
S5I Got a $600 Brain 'Reboot' and It Changed My World (Vice UK, 2016-10-18; first-person account of one IV drip in a London clinic; the writer says he got it free, and the patient quotes came from the clinic's doctor) (opens in a new tab)vice.com
S6AMA #12: Thoughts on Longevity Supplements (Resveratrol, NR, NMN, Etc.) & How to Improve Memory (AI-made summary of a Huberman Lab episode, 2023-10-31) (opens in a new tab)videohighlight.com
S7What are NAD boosting therapies (AI-made answer on the Huberman Lab site, citing Huberman, Sinclair and Koniver) (opens in a new tab)ai.hubermanlab.com
S10FDA reminds compounders to use ingredients suitable for sterile compounding (content current 2024-10-30) (opens in a new tab)fda.gov
S11Science vs hype: the unproven promise of NAD IV therapy (opens in a new tab)sciencebasedmedicine.org
S12'NAD+ one injection anti-aging' is a gimmick (Guangming Online, credited to CCTV News, 2026-09-06; Chinese text) (opens in a new tab)m.gmw.cn
S13Report on Knature Biopharmaceutical and its coenzyme I injection Enaidi (Daily Economic News via Jiemian; Chinese text) (opens in a new tab)jiemian.com
S14openFDA drug enforcement report D-0094-2026 (GenoGenix NAD+ for injection, Class I) (opens in a new tab)api.fda.gov
S15ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06919328: injectable Niagen compared with NAD+ (opens in a new tab)clinicaltrials.gov
S16ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07839130: injectable NAD in pediatric cardiac dysfunction (opens in a new tab)clinicaltrials.gov
S18ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07336836: Renewal-NAD+, oral NAD+ in a healthy cohort (sponsor BioNADrx) (opens in a new tab)clinicaltrials.gov
S19FDA: bulk drug substances nominated for 503A (updated 2026-05-14) (opens in a new tab)fda.gov
S20FDA: bulk drug substances nominated for 503B (updated 2025-03-21) (opens in a new tab)fda.gov
S21WADA 2026 Prohibited List (opens in a new tab)wada-ama.org

plus 3 seller pages (not linked)

Gaps

No Reddit page was used, because Reddit cannot be fetched. No Longecity, ExcelMale, Anabolex, EliteFitness, MuscleChemistry or Meso-Rx thread with NAD+ amounts was found by web search, so no first-person forum report of an injection amount is in this file. The community amounts for injections under the skin and sublingual use rest on one affiliate wiki (S1, S2) and, for injections, one seller (S8). Nasal and oral NAD+ amounts were found only in study registrations (S17, S18), not in community sources, and no quotable community report exists here for those routes. No intramuscular community amount was found. The wiki pages say they are based on 200 community reports but do not show the reports. S1 lists six source titles at the bottom: a Reddit thread, three clinic or seller pages (Peach IV, Phoenix Meds, Invigor Medical), a dosing guide (Project BioHacked) and a magazine piece (Coveteur). So the S1 amounts are not independent of sellers. S6 and S7 are AI-made summaries of a Huberman Lab podcast, not transcripts, so the amounts attributed to the host and to a guest are second-hand. The real transcript was not found. S5 describes a 'Brain Reboot' infusion that may hold other ingredients, and gives no amount. No approved label was read: no US or EU label exists, and the Chinese label (Enaidi, coenzyme I for injection) was not found, so no label regimen is recorded; the 5 mg intramuscular dose in S12 is an expert quote. Oral NMN and NR (precursors) are different compounds and are not covered. Many clinic pages exist (jinfiniti, hubmeded, azivmedics, peachiv, restore and others); only two seller pages are used and no line rests on a seller alone. The wiki side-effect frequencies (10 to 30 percent and so on) were not used.

Questions and more

Ask a question about NAD+

The answer links to every study it uses.

What does the evidence say about NAD+?Is NAD+ tested in people?Compare with AICAR (acadesine)Compare with MOTS-c

Sources

Database: PepBank data for NAD+ (data version 308560)
Regulator: FDA status record
Regulator: EMA status record
Regulator: WADA status record
Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov
Community: community sources (forums and guides), as summarized in the PepBank community file

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Ask your AI about NAD+

Curo sells NAD+. PepBank and Curo have the same owner. See NAD+ at Curo (opens in a new tab).

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

Approved in ChinaNot banned in sport

Also known as NAD, NAD+, DPN, NSC-20272, Codehydrogenase I, Coenzyme I and 8 more

What it is

Small molecule

Approval

Approved in China only

In sport

Not listed as banned by WADA

Studies

79 studies with results. 48 of them gave NAD+, with 338 results.
40 in people176 in animals122 in lab cells

Best study in people

Randomized controlled trial with 180 people (2026)

Clinical trials

16 registered: 10 active or planned, 0 with posted results

Community use

Anti-aging, energy, cognitive function, hangover recovery, athletic recovery and general longevity (S1 summary of what the community targets); Recovery after illness or feeling run down (one podcast host's account, as summarised by AI); Reducing craving and withdrawal in substance use (older clinic work; one London clinic client reports easier codeine withdrawal)

Dose as reported

Class

Species

Route

Duration

Design

Source

10 mg/day

Human

human

intravenous

7 days

Randomized trial in people · n = 180

Yu 2026

3 μmol/min

Human

human

intravenous

6 h

Trial in people without random groups

Grant 2019

500 mg

Human

human

intravenous

four consecutive days

Observational study

Reyna 2026

250 mg

Human

human

intravenous

four infusions every 2 weeks

Reports of single patients · n = 1

Itani 2026

20 mg/kg

Animal

pig

Not reported

Study in live animals · n = 14

Zhai 2019

200 mg NAD in 7 ml 40 per cent. Gk-solution

Animal

Wistar rat

infusion

Not reported

Study in live animals · n = 6

von 1976

10 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intranasal

Not reported

Study in live animals

Ying 2007

50mg/kg

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

Not reported

Study in live animals

Zheng 2012

10-20 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intravenous

Not reported

Study in live animals

Zhang 2016

20 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intravenous

Not reported

Study in live animals

Zhang 2016

20 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intranasal

Not reported

Study in live animals

Won 2012

250mg/kg (body weight) once daily

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

Not reported

Study in live animals

Wang 2016

10 mg/kg

Animal

rat

Not reported

14 days

Study in live animals

Liu 2019

1 mg/kg/day

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

4 weeks

Study in live animals

Roh 2018

125 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intraperitoneal

Not reported

Study in live animals

Sheng 2012

625 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intraperitoneal

Not reported

Study in live animals

Sheng 2012

20 mg/kg

Animal

rat

Not reported

Study in live animals

Su 2022

5 mg/kg

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

Not reported

Study in live animals

Xu 2024

250 mg/kg/day

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

4 weeks

Study in live animals

Song 2025

200 nmole X kg-1 X X min-1

Animal

rat

intravenous

Not reported

Study in live animals

Redlak 1986

50 nmole X kg-1 X min-1

Animal

rat

intravenous

Not reported

Study in live animals

Redlak 1986

20 mg/kg

Animal

swine

intravenous

1 hour

Study in live animals

Chen 2026

250 mg/kg/day

Animal

mouse

injection

Not reported

Study in live animals

Zheng 2025

10 mcM

Lab

rat

Not reported

Study on tissue taken from a body · n = 8

Pustovit 2014

100 mcM

Lab

rat

Not reported

Study on tissue taken from a body · n = 8

Pustovit 2014

10-100 μM

Lab

rat

Not reported

Study on tissue taken from a body

Kuzmin 2016

100 microM

Lab

rat

Not reported

Study on tissue taken from a body

Broetto-Biazon 2008

25-100 microM

Lab

rat

portal vein infusion

Not reported

Study on tissue taken from a body

Martins 2006

10 μM

Lab

rat

Not reported

Study on tissue taken from a body

Pustovit 2015

500 to 1000 μm

Lab

Not reported

Study on cells in a dish

Liu 2014

10 micromolar to 1 mM

Lab

Not reported

Study on cells in a dish

Zhao 2011

Context

Route

Amount

How often

How long

Agreement

Sources

Clinic IV infusion: a loading series, then monthly sessions (wiki protocol) and a four-day real-world series

intravenous infusiongiven in clinics; the sources tie side effects to the speed of the drip

250 to 500 mg per session

differs: 4 to 5 sessions over 2 weeks (S1); four consecutive days (S4)

2 weeks of loading, then monthly (S1); four days with 30 days of follow-up (S4)

2 independent sources (S1 wiki, S4 clinic review) agree on 250 to 500 mg per session; they differ on the number of sessions (4 to 5 over 2 weeks, or 4 on consecutive days).

S1S2S4

Clinic IV infusion at higher amounts, with long infusion times

intravenous infusionsources say the drip runs for hours

500 to 1000 mg per session

differs: weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly (S1); at least six infusions in the first 2 weeks, then tapering (S9, for 750 to 1,000 mg)

ongoing (S1); first 2 weeks of loading then maintenance (S9)

sources agree on 500 to 1,000 mg per session for clinic drips (S1, S6, S8, S9); frequency and infusion time differ (2 to 6 hours). S8 and S9 are sellers; S6 and S7 are AI summaries; S1 is an affiliate wiki.

S1S6 S7

Home or clinic injection under the skin as an alternative to IV, with slow build-up of the amount

subcutaneous injectionS1 calls it a home-use alternative to IV

50 to 100 mg per dose

2 to 3 times weekly (S1); one clinic runs 5 injections a week for up to 6 weeks and then 2 to 3 a week (S8, dose not stated)

8 to 12 weeks (S1); up to 6 weeks in the first course (S8)

single non-vendor source (S1, an affiliate wiki) for the amount; S8 is a seller and gives a different frequency without a dose

Sublingual tablet or lozenge

sublingualS2 says human data on sublingual and intranasal NAD+ are poor

50 to 200 mg per day

daily

Not stated

single source (an affiliate wiki)

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) at a glance

What is NAD+?

The history of NAD+

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) structure and chemistry

What NAD+ studies show

Heart and blood vessels

Bones and joints

Liver

Cholesterol and blood fats

Pain

Immune system and inflammation

All 4 studies in people

Key NAD+ studies

NAD+ clinical trials

Is NAD+ approved?

NAD+ side effects and safety

How people use it

What people use it for

Reported regimens

Reported side effects

Reported benefits (claims, not shown in trials)

Cautions

Status notes

Community sources

Ask a question about NAD+

Related peptides

NMN vs NAD+

Sources

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) at a glance

What is NAD+?

The history of NAD+

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) structure and chemistry

What NAD+ studies show

Heart and blood vessels

Bones and joints

Liver

Cholesterol and blood fats

Pain

Immune system and inflammation

All 4 studies in people

Key NAD+ studies

NAD+ clinical trials

Is NAD+ approved?

NAD+ side effects and safety

How people use it

What people use it for

Reported regimens

Reported side effects

Reported benefits (claims, not shown in trials)

Cautions

Status notes

Community sources

Ask a question about NAD+

Related peptides

NMN vs NAD+

Sources