Efficacy and Safety of Cerebrolysin on Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness
Konkuk University Medical Centern = 121 Jun 2023 to est. 31 Dec 2026
Disorder of Consciousness · Hemorrhagic Stroke
PepBank has 442 Cerebrolysin studies with results. 372 of them gave Cerebrolysin, with 1,781 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.
Searches 1,781 results and 641 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC
Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.
Cerebrolysin is a hydrolysate of porcine brain proteins. Product information specifies 215.2 mg concentrate per mL. A North Macedonia government medicine register lists an injectable product. The manufacturer states that Cerebrolysin is not FDA registered or approved for US distribution. This profile assigns no single receptor target to the mixture.
No molecular target is recorded for this peptide.
Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.
Sequence not disclosed
Porcine brain protein hydrolysate with peptide and amino-acid components. No single sequence, chemical formula, molecular weight, SMILES or InChIKey describes the complete product. Product information states 215.2 mg concentrate per mL.
No formula or molecular weight is listed for Cerebrolysin.
No sequence is listed, so nothing can be calculated.
No charge curve
No sequence is listed for this peptide.
No sequence is listed for this peptide.
No 3D structure
No experimental structure (PDB) and no UniProt entry for an AlphaFold model are listed for this peptide. Synthetic peptides often have neither. The sequence view above is the reference.
People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.
PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.
Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.
Studies by year
442 of 641 studies have results (69%), published 1975 to 2026. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about Cerebrolysin, by class. The rows use different scales.
Studies641 in all, 1973 to 2026
Studies with results442 in all, 1975 to 2026
Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.
AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.
Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.
41 trials match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.
25 of 41 trials
Comprehensive Reparative Therapy in Ischemic Stroke COMplex Repair in Ischemic Stroke-Arm
NCT02581371Feb 2015 to est. Feb 2017
Effects of Cerebrolysin Combined With Rehabilitation on Motor Recovery in Stroke
NCT0276857114 Mar 2016 to 14 Feb 2019
25 trials · 4 ongoing · 2 not yet recruiting · 10 completed · 3 stopped early · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Konkuk University Medical Centern = 121 Jun 2023 to est. 31 Dec 2026
Disorder of Consciousness · Hemorrhagic Stroke
Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Universityn = 30est. 1 Oct 2025 to est. 1 Apr 2027
Intracerebral Hemorrhage · Hemorrhagic Stroke, Intracerebral · Hemorrhagic Stroke · Stroke
Yonsei Universityn = 4012 Mar 2025 to est. 31 Dec 2027
Stroke
Sherifa Ahmed Hamedn = 16030 Aug 2021 to 30 May 2024
Post-covid-19 Persistent Smell and Taste Disorders
Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose E. Gonzalezn = 6017 Nov 2022 to est. Dec 2024
Ischemic Stroke, Acute · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 · Blood Brain Barrier
Ever Neuro Pharma GmbHn = 242Oct 2006 to Aug 2007
Vascular Dementia
Ever Neuro Pharma GmbHn = 1,071Sept 2006 to Feb 2011
Ischemic Stroke
Poznan University of Medical Sciencesn = 35010 Jan 2023 to est. 31 Mar 2025
Acute Ischemic Stroke
Yonsei Universityn = 30est. Jun 2021 to est. Mar 2024
Stroke
Ever Neuro Pharma GmbHn = 46Sept 2013 to Jul 2015
Traumatic Brain Injury
Samsung Medical Centern = 8014 Mar 2016 to 14 Feb 2019
Stroke
Samsung Medical Centern = 71Jan 2011 to Feb 2014
Cerebrolysin
Ever Neuro Pharma GmbHn = 0Completion est. Dec 2016
Alzheimer Disease
Clinical Institute of the Brain, Russian = 30Feb 2015 to est. Feb 2017
Ischemic Stroke
Ain Shams Universityn = 1501 Sept 2023 to 1 Aug 2025
Traumatic Brain Injury
Assiut Universityn = 2501 Aug 2020 to 30 Oct 2022
Covid19 Related Anosmia and Aguesia
Military Institute od Medicine National Research Instituten = 501 Jan 2021 to est. 31 Dec 2024
Stroke, Ischemic · Stroke, Acute · Stroke Sequelae
Pomeranian Medical University Szczecinn = 10027 Apr 2021 to est. 1 Apr 2023
Stroke, Acute, Ischemic
Kwong Wah Hospitaln = 501 Dec 2013 to 1 Jan 2019
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage · Intracranial Aneurysm · Delayed Cerebral Ischemia · Delayed Ischemic Neurological Deficit
Clinical Institute of the Brain, Russian = 30Jan 2011 to Nov 2011
Stroke
Ever Neuro Pharma GmbHn = 119Oct 2005 to Jul 2008
Stroke
Chang Gung Memorial Hospitaln = 100est. 1 Sept 2026 to est. 31 Dec 2030
Acute Ischemic Stroke
October 6 Universityn = 9024 Aug 2023 to est. Feb 2026
Bell Palsy
Ever Neuro Pharma GmbHn = 3029 Nov 2023 to est. 31 Dec 2026
Cadasil
Ever Neuro Pharma GmbHn = 425 Jun 2021 to 21 Mar 2022
Chronic Stroke · Subacute Stroke
2 more mention it but do not test it. They are not trials of Cerebrolysin: they only measure it (a blood level or an eligibility term) or name it in their text.
Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.
641 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.
Showing 23 of 641 studiesquery qry_69201e10d997dd09152abac1
442 studies in all, 19 on this page
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2010
Zhang et al. 2010Journal of neuroscience researchcited by 126
PMID 20857512PMC3073377DOI 10.1002/jnr.22495PUB-20857512
Randomized controlled trial · 2016
Muresanu et al. 2016Strokecited by 97
PMID 26564102PMC4689177DOI 10.1161/strokeaha.115.009416PUB-26564102
In vitro (cells) · rat · 2007
Chen et al. 2007Neurobiology of agingcited by 86
PMID 16859812DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.036PUB-16859812
Systematic review · 2018
Bornstein et al. 2018Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologyn = 1,879cited by 85
PMID 29248999PMC5884916DOI 10.1007/s10072-017-3214-0PUB-29248999
Randomized controlled trial · 2012
Heiss et al. 2012Stroken = 1,070cited by 83
PMID 22282884DOI 10.1161/strokeaha.111.628537PUB-22282884
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2003
Tatebayashi et al. 2003Acta neuropathologicacited by 82
PMID 12557008DOI 10.1007/s00401-002-0636-3PUB-12557008
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2007
Rockenstein et al. 2007Acta neuropathologicacited by 73
PMID 17131129DOI 10.1007/s00401-006-0166-5PUB-17131129
Randomized controlled trial · 2013
Lang et al. 2013International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Societyn = 119cited by 72
PMID 23009193DOI 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00901.xPUB-23009193
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2010
Sharma et al. 2010Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencescited by 71
PMID 20633118DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05329.xPUB-20633118
Systematic review · 2016
Gruenbaum et al. 2016CNS drugscited by 63
PMID 27339615PMC5116376DOI 10.1007/s40263-016-0355-2PUB-27339615
Randomized controlled trial · 2005
Ladurner et al. 2005Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)n = 146cited by 61
PMID 15583955DOI 10.1007/s00702-004-0248-2PUB-15583955
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2006
Rockenstein et al. 2006Journal of neuroscience researchcited by 61
PMID 16511867DOI 10.1002/jnr.20818PUB-16511867
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2003
Rockenstein et al. 2003Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)cited by 59
PMID 14628195DOI 10.1007/s00702-003-0025-7PUB-14628195
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse and rat · 2019
Guan et al. 2019Frontiers in pharmacologycited by 59
PMID 31695614PMC6818051DOI 10.3389/fphar.2019.01245PUB-31695614
Randomized controlled trial · 2013
Chen et al. 2013British journal of neurosurgeryn = 32cited by 58
PMID 23656173DOI 10.3109/02688697.2013.793287PUB-23656173
Randomized controlled trial · 2016
Xue et al. 2016Experimental and therapeutic medicinen = 60cited by 56
PMID 27168844PMC4840538DOI 10.3892/etm.2016.3139PUB-27168844
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2017
Pourmemar et al. 2017Experimental gerontologycited by 54
PMID 27894939DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.011PUB-27894939
Randomized controlled trial · 2006
Alvarez et al. 2006European journal of neurologyn = 279cited by 53
PMID 16420392DOI 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01222.xPUB-16420392
Randomized controlled trial · 2016
Chang et al. 2016BMC neurologyn = 70cited by 53
PMID 26934986PMC4776414DOI 10.1186/s12883-016-0553-zPUB-26934986
138 studies in all, 4 on this page
Indexing hint: Animal study · 2013
Zhang et al. 2013Strokecited by 112
PMID 23696546DOI 10.1161/strokeaha.111.000831PUB-23696546
PubMed tag: Review · 2012
Masliah et al. 2012Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998)cited by 86
PMID 22514792DOI 10.1358/dot.2012.48(suppl.a).1739716PUB-22514792
PubMed tag: Review · 2012
Menon et al. 2012CNS & neurological disorders drug targetscited by 73
PMID 22229324DOI 10.2174/187152712799960781PUB-22229324
PubMed tag: Review · 2000
Deigner et al. 2000Expert opinion on investigational drugscited by 62
PMID 11060707DOI 10.1517/13543784.9.4.747PUB-11060707
These studies name Cerebrolysin but give no result for it (for example, the results concern another peptide in the study).
PubMed tag: none · 2015
Chen et al. 2015Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)cited by 70
PMID 28433285DOI 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.008PUB-28433285
PubMed tag: Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial · 1994
Rüther et al. 1994Pharmacopsychiatrycited by 64
PMID 8159781DOI 10.1055/s-2007-1014271PUB-08159781
Page 1 of 9
Heiss WD · Stroke · 2012
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Khasanova DR · BMC neurology · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Khasanova DR · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Guekht AB · Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2011
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Muresanu DF · Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 2 results
Alvarez XA · Current Alzheimer research · 2011
Randomized controlled trial · 14 results
Lang W · International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2013
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Gharagozli K · Journal of medicine and life · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Bae CY · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2000
Randomized controlled trial · 11 results
Woo PYM · BMC neurology · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Chen CC · British journal of neurosurgery · 2013
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Firstenfeld AJ · Journal of medicine and life · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 3 results
Muresanu DF · Stroke · 2016
Randomized controlled trial · 3 results
Muresanu DF · Journal of the neurological sciences · 2010
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Homberg V · Stroke · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Samir A · Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Hamed SA · Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 2 results
Alvarez XA · European journal of neurology · 2011
Randomized controlled trial · 10 results
Anisimova AV · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova · 2014
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Alvarez XA · European journal of neurology · 2006
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Kalinin MN · Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 12 results
Panisset M · Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2002
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Allam AFA · The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society · 2018
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Ladurner G · Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2005
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Chang WH · Journal of personalized medicine · 2021
Randomized controlled trial · 2 results
Ruether E · Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum · 2002
Randomized controlled trial · 3 results
Xiao S · The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2012
Randomized controlled trial · 9 results
Ponomareva EV · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova · 2024
Randomized controlled trial · 2 results
Bajenaru O · Journal of medicine and life · 2010
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Sharma A · Spine · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Chang WH · BMC neurology · 2016
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Xue LX · Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2016
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Stan A · Journal of medicine and life · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Hassanein SM · Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2016
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Sharma A · Spine · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Mitrović SZ · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 2 results
Vereshchagin NV · Sovetskaia meditsina · 1991
Randomized controlled trial · 3 results
Nasiri J · Acta neurologica Belgica · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 1 result
Funke M · Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum · 1998
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Shamalov NA · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova · 2010
Randomized controlled trial · 2 results
Amiri-Nikpour MR · Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2014
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Kofler B · Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 1990
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Khabirov FA · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova · 2016
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Iznak AF · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova · 2016
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Maksimova MIu · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova · 2009
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Skvortsova VI · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova · 2004
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Alvarez XA · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Alvarez XA · The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Shishkova VN · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova · 2015
Randomized controlled trial · 3 results
Karakulova YV · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 2 results
Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.
| Jurisdiction | Body | Status | As of | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | FDA | The manufacturer explicitly states that Cerebrolysin is not registered with FDA or approved for US distribution. | 22 Oct 2026 | cerebrolysin.com (opens in a new tab) |
| EU | EMA | No matching active substance in the EMA central medicines data file. National authorisations are not covered. | 22 Oct 2026 | ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) |
| Sport | WADA | Status unknown The cited WADA 2026 PDF returned HTTP 202 with an empty body. | 2026 List | wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab) |
| Austria | National register | Approved in Austria National marketing authorisation since 1996-03-25, Zul.-Nr. 1-21380, holder EVER Neuro Pharma (BASG product information, March 2021). Listed as valid in the EMA Article 57 product data (2026-10-13). | 22 Oct 2026 | medikamente.basg.gv.at (opens in a new tab) |
| Russia | National register | Approved in Russia Registered medicine Cerebrolysin (Церебролизин), holder EVER Neuro Pharma: registration ЛП-№(009552)-(РГ-RU) of 2025-04-02; earlier П N013827/01. Read from a copy of the State Register of Medicines (pharmcontrol.ru, register data of 2026-10-02); the official register search was not read. | 22 Oct 2026 | pharmcontrol.ru (opens in a new tab) |
| Latvia | National register | Approved in Latvia National marketing authorisation 95-0065 since 1995-03-23 (Latvian medicines register, accessed 2026-10-22). | 22 Oct 2026 | dati.zva.gov.lv (opens in a new tab) |
| Bulgaria | National register | Approved in Bulgaria National marketing authorisation for Cerebrolysin, listed as valid in the EMA Article 57 product data (2026-10-13). The national register was not read. | 22 Oct 2026 | ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) |
| Croatia | National register | Approved in Croatia National marketing authorisation for Cerebrolysin, listed as valid in the EMA Article 57 product data (2026-10-13). The national register was not read. | 22 Oct 2026 | ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) |
| Czechia | National register | Approved in Czechia National marketing authorisation for Cerebrolysin, listed as valid in the EMA Article 57 product data (2026-10-13). The national register was not read. | 22 Oct 2026 | ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) |
| Lithuania | National register | Approved in Lithuania National marketing authorisation for Cerebrolysin, listed as valid in the EMA Article 57 product data (2026-10-13). The national register was not read. | 22 Oct 2026 | ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) |
| Poland | National register | Approved in Poland National marketing authorisation for Cerebrolysin, listed as valid in the EMA Article 57 product data (2026-10-13). The national register was not read. | 22 Oct 2026 | ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) |
| Romania | National register | Approved in Romania National marketing authorisation for Cerebrolysin, listed as valid in the EMA Article 57 product data (2026-10-13). The national register was not read. | 22 Oct 2026 | ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) |
| Slovakia | National register | Approved in Slovakia National marketing authorisation for Cerebrolysin, listed as valid in the EMA Article 57 product data (2026-10-13). The national register was not read. | 22 Oct 2026 | ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) |
| North Macedonia | National register | Approved in North Macedonia Government medicine register lists Cerebrolysin, 215.2 mg/mL injection or infusion. The currency of the registration and local supply need confirmation. | 22 Oct 2026 | lekovi.zdravstvo.gov.mk (opens in a new tab) |
109 safety results for Cerebrolysin.
In patients with Alzheimer's disease, adverse-event reporting was similar across Cerebrolysin dose groups and placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 279
In vascular dementia, Cerebrolysin was reported as safe and well tolerated.
Randomized controlled trialn = 242
In Alzheimer's disease patients, adverse events occurred in 64% with Cerebrolysin and 73% with placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 192
In cervical myelopathy patients, Cerebrolysin patients improved or remained unchanged, whereas 7% of placebo patients deteriorated.
Randomized controlled trialn = 192
In patients with acute stroke, adverse events occurred at similar frequencies with Cerebrolysin and placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 146
In patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury, safety and tolerability observations were comparable between Cerebrolysin and placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 139
In moderate to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease, Cerebrolysin was reported as safe and well tolerated.
Randomized controlled trialn = 133
In ischemic stroke patients receiving alteplase and Cerebrolysin, no serious adverse events attributed to Cerebrolysin occurred.
Randomized controlled trialn = 126
The top 24 of 96 results.
The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.
30 mL dailyHuman
30 mL/dayHuman
30 mLHuman
20 mLHuman
50 ml/day for 10 days, then two cycles of 10 ml/day for 10 daysHuman
10 mlHuman
6 of 231 shown
PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.
Data version, change history and code for this peptide.
curl -s https:// pepbank.io/ v1/ briefs/ cerebrolysinEvidence summary for Cerebrolysin: counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.
In PepBank now:147 peptides, 6 blends and 13 other compounds97,577 study results from 17,383 studies8,473 clinical trialsUpdated
Top outcomes
The 8 outcome groups with the most study results, by evidence class.
Data version 308560. Bar length is the number of results, not the size of an effect.
Evidence matrix
Study results by outcome and evidence class. Arrows show how the measured outcome moved, not whether the change is good.
| Outcome group | Human | Animal | Lab | Computer model | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognition and memoryNervous system and cognition | Human: 172 results from 69 studies: 114 increase, 26 decrease, 14 no significant change, 18 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 93 results from 49 studies: 50 increase, 27 decrease, 11 no significant change, 5 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | No results | No results | 265 |
| NeuroprotectionWhole body | Human: 165 results from 73 studies: 64 increase, 58 decrease, 21 no significant change, 1 mixed, 21 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 410 results from 109 studies: 149 increase, 171 decrease, 50 no significant change, 40 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | Lab: 86 results from 24 studies: 41 increase, 26 decrease, 7 no significant change, 2 mixed, 10 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue | No results | 661 |
| Exercise and physical functionWhole body | Human: 103 results from 61 studies: 53 increase, 18 decrease, 26 no significant change, 6 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 43 results from 26 studies: 30 increase, 5 decrease, 5 no significant change, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | No results | No results | 146 |
| Adverse eventsWhole body | Human: 90 results from 63 studies: 4 increase, 21 decrease, 29 no significant change, 36 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 4 results from 4 studies: 1 increase, 1 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | Lab: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: In vitro (cells) | No results | 95 |
| Overall treatment effectNervous system and cognition | Human: 35 results from 11 studies: 15 increase, 4 decrease, 4 no significant change, 12 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 35 |
| Immune responseNervous system and cognition | Human: 24 results from 6 studies: 4 increase, 3 decrease, 2 no significant change, 15 not reported. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial | Animal: 3 results from 3 studies: 1 decrease, 1 mixed, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | Lab: 10 results from 7 studies: 8 increase, 2 decrease. Strongest design: In vitro (cells) | No results | 37 |
| Receptor activity and mechanismWhole body | Human: 23 results from 9 studies: 12 increase, 9 decrease, 1 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 123 results from 47 studies: 58 increase, 37 decrease, 8 no significant change, 20 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | Lab: 77 results from 26 studies: 29 increase, 26 decrease, 7 no significant change, 1 mixed, 14 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue | No results | 223 |
| MortalityWhole body | Human: 22 results from 20 studies: 1 increase, 8 decrease, 10 no significant change, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 8 results from 7 studies: 3 increase, 2 decrease, 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | No results | No results | 30 |
| Anxiety and moodNervous system and cognition | Human: 13 results from 9 studies: 4 increase, 3 decrease, 1 no significant change, 5 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 13 results from 9 studies: 3 increase, 7 decrease, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | No results | No results | 26 |
| Speech and languageNervous system and cognition | Human: 10 results from 4 studies: 9 increase, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 10 |
| Psychiatric symptomsWhole body | Human: 9 results from 5 studies: 2 increase, 3 decrease, 4 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 9 |
| Inflammation markersWhole body | Human: 8 results from 4 studies: 7 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 36 results from 18 studies: 2 increase, 30 decrease, 4 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | Lab: 6 results from 4 studies: 1 increase, 4 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cells) | No results | 50 |
12 outcome groups shown of 52 · 1,781 study results
Data version 308560. Shade grows with the number of results. Every cell shows the exact count.
Trials by phase
25 registered trials loaded of 41, grouped by phase and shown by status.
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, data version 308560. Status is the registry status. The counts cover only the loaded trials.