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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2025

7 results

Cerebrolysin ameliorates ketamine-mediated anxiety and cognitive impairments via modulation of mitochondrial function and CREB/PGC-1α pathway.

Hosseini L, Abolhasanpour N, Seyedaghamiri F, Hassanzadeh P, Shahabi P, Mafikandi V, Kalejahi P, Rajabi M, Shokri Z, Fakhari A

Molecular brain7 Nov 2025Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID41204270 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC12595893 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1186/s13041-025-01255-1 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41204270
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Summary

Schizophrenia is known as a complex and devastating mental disorder due to its profound impact on individuals, families, and society. Emerging evidence proposes that mitochondria play a central role in schizophrenia. Here, we investigated whether cerebrolysin (CBL) can alleviate anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive deficits through a mechanism involving the CREB/PGC-1α pathway. In this study, 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three different groups: Control, Ketamine, and Ketamine + CBL. Intraperitoneal injection of ketamine was performed at 20 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. CBL was delivered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mL/kg once daily for seven days, starting from the 8th day to the 14th day of the experiment. The novel object recognition and elevated plus-maze tests were used to assess episodic-like memory and anxiety, respectively. Hippocampal tissue was examined not only for alterations in mitochondrial activity, encompassing ATP production and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also for estimating CREB, p-CREB, and PGC-1α protein levels. Behavioral results indicated that treatment with CBL reversed anxiety-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction caused by ketamine. Additionally, ketamine increased the production of ROS and reduced ATP levels in the hippocampus, while CBL treatment restored these changes. Furthermore, CBL therapy upregulated the hippocampal expression of the proteins CREB, p-CREB, and PGC-1α compared with the ketamine-treated animals. It is speculated that treatment with CBL can attenuate ketamine-induced cognitive deficits and anxiety-like behaviors through the upregulation of the CREB/PGC-1α pathway and the improvement of mitochondrial function.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study7

7 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In ketamine-treated mice, Cerebrolysin reversed anxiety-like behavior versus ketamine alone.

    In plain wordsIn mice given ketamine, Cerebrolysin reduced anxiety-like behavior versus ketamine alone.

    Peptide
    Cerebrolysin
    Outcome
    DecreaseAnxiety-like behavior
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Male BALB/c mice given ketamine
    Comparator
    Ketamine-treated animals
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    2.5 mL/kg once daily · intraperitoneal · seven daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Behavioral results indicated that treatment with CBL reversed anxiety-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction caused by ketamine.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three different groups: Control, Ketamine, and Ketamine + CBL.
    Summary · context
    CBL was delivered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mL/kg once daily for seven days, starting from the 8th day to the 14th day of the experiment.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In ketamine-treated mice, Cerebrolysin reversed cognitive dysfunction versus ketamine alone.

    In plain wordsIn mice given ketamine, Cerebrolysin reduced cognitive dysfunction versus ketamine alone.

    Peptide
    Cerebrolysin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCognitive dysfunction
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Male BALB/c mice given ketamine
    Comparator
    Ketamine-treated animals
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    2.5 mL/kg once daily · intraperitoneal · seven daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Behavioral results indicated that treatment with CBL reversed anxiety-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction caused by ketamine.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three different groups: Control, Ketamine, and Ketamine + CBL.
    Summary · context
    CBL was delivered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mL/kg once daily for seven days, starting from the 8th day to the 14th day of the experiment.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In ketamine-treated mice, Cerebrolysin reversed increased hippocampal ROS production versus ketamine alone.

    In plain wordsIn mice given ketamine, Cerebrolysin reduced elevated hippocampal ROS production versus ketamine alone.

    Peptide
    Cerebrolysin
    Outcome
    DecreaseHippocampal ROS production
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Male BALB/c mice given ketamine
    Comparator
    Ketamine-treated animals
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    2.5 mL/kg once daily · intraperitoneal · seven daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, ketamine increased the production of ROS and reduced ATP levels in the hippocampus, while CBL treatment restored these changes.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three different groups: Control, Ketamine, and Ketamine + CBL.
    Summary · context
    CBL was delivered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mL/kg once daily for seven days, starting from the 8th day to the 14th day of the experiment.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In ketamine-treated mice, Cerebrolysin restored reduced hippocampal ATP levels versus ketamine alone.

    In plain wordsIn mice given ketamine, Cerebrolysin restored reduced hippocampal ATP levels versus ketamine alone.

    Peptide
    Cerebrolysin
    Outcome
    IncreaseHippocampal ATP levels
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Male BALB/c mice given ketamine
    Comparator
    Ketamine-treated animals
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    2.5 mL/kg once daily · intraperitoneal · seven daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, ketamine increased the production of ROS and reduced ATP levels in the hippocampus, while CBL treatment restored these changes.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three different groups: Control, Ketamine, and Ketamine + CBL.
    Summary · context
    CBL was delivered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mL/kg once daily for seven days, starting from the 8th day to the 14th day of the experiment.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In ketamine-treated mice, Cerebrolysin increased hippocampal CREB expression versus ketamine alone.

    In plain wordsIn mice given ketamine, Cerebrolysin increased hippocampal CREB expression versus ketamine alone.

    Peptide
    Cerebrolysin
    Outcome
    IncreaseHippocampal CREB expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Male BALB/c mice given ketamine
    Comparator
    Ketamine-treated animals
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    2.5 mL/kg once daily · intraperitoneal · seven daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, CBL therapy upregulated the hippocampal expression of the proteins CREB, p-CREB, and PGC-1α compared with the ketamine-treated animals.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three different groups: Control, Ketamine, and Ketamine + CBL.
    Summary · context
    CBL was delivered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mL/kg once daily for seven days, starting from the 8th day to the 14th day of the experiment.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In ketamine-treated mice, Cerebrolysin increased hippocampal p-CREB expression versus ketamine alone.

    In plain wordsIn mice given ketamine, Cerebrolysin increased hippocampal p-CREB expression versus ketamine alone.

    Peptide
    Cerebrolysin
    Outcome
    IncreaseHippocampal p-CREB expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Male BALB/c mice given ketamine
    Comparator
    Ketamine-treated animals
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    2.5 mL/kg once daily · intraperitoneal · seven daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, CBL therapy upregulated the hippocampal expression of the proteins CREB, p-CREB, and PGC-1α compared with the ketamine-treated animals.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three different groups: Control, Ketamine, and Ketamine + CBL.
    Summary · context
    CBL was delivered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mL/kg once daily for seven days, starting from the 8th day to the 14th day of the experiment.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In ketamine-treated mice, Cerebrolysin increased hippocampal PGC-1α expression versus ketamine alone.

    In plain wordsIn mice given ketamine, Cerebrolysin increased hippocampal PGC-1α expression versus ketamine alone.

    Peptide
    Cerebrolysin
    Outcome
    IncreaseHippocampal PGC-1α expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Male BALB/c mice given ketamine
    Comparator
    Ketamine-treated animals
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    2.5 mL/kg once daily · intraperitoneal · seven daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, CBL therapy upregulated the hippocampal expression of the proteins CREB, p-CREB, and PGC-1α compared with the ketamine-treated animals.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three different groups: Control, Ketamine, and Ketamine + CBL.
    Summary · context
    CBL was delivered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mL/kg once daily for seven days, starting from the 8th day to the 14th day of the experiment.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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