Natural peptide · 54 amino acids · 5,798.4 Da

Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) studies and research data

PepBank has 77 kisspeptin-54 studies with results. 52 of them gave kisspeptin-54, with 281 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Searches 281 results and 113 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC

Results in people

142

51% of 281 results

Results in animals

102

36% of 281 results

Results in lab cells

13% of 281 results

From computer models

0% of 281 results

The molecule

Kisspeptin-54 identity

Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.

Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) is the 54-residue, C-terminally amidated peptide cleaved from the KISS1 precursor (UniProt Q15726 residues 68-121). It was isolated from human placenta in 2001 as an endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor GPR54, now KISS1R. Shorter kisspeptins (14, 13 and 10 residues) share its C-terminal RF-amide. This is a reference record; kisspeptin-10 is its C-terminal fragment.

Kind: Natural peptide · 54 residues
Identifiers: UniProtQ15726 (opens in a new tab)ChEMBLCHEMBL4650403 (opens in a new tab)PubChem CID71306396 (opens in a new tab)UNII2VG74ZW2K5 (opens in a new tab)CAS388138-21-4IUPHAR1288 (opens in a new tab)
Parent: Fragment of Metastasis-suppressor KiSS-1 (KISS1 precursor, human) · residues 68-121UniProt Q15726 peptide feature 'Metastin' 68-121 with Phe121 amide.
Development: Phase 2No single developer. Sponsor of the kisspeptin-54 phase 2 study: Imperial College London (NCT01667406).Academic studies. Phase 2 IVF study, Imperial College London, kisspeptin-54 subcutaneous, completed, 175 participants (NCT01667406). ChEMBL 'KISSPEPTIN' (CHEMBL4650403; no structure, generic name, indications backed by NCT01667406 and other kisspeptin trials) has max_phase 2.0. Many kisspeptin-54 studies name the intervention only 'kisspeptin', so registry searches miss them; the registry term 'kisspeptin' gives 45 studies (2026-10-13). Four of them carry the label phase 3. Three are small KP-10 basic-science studies (NCT03286517, NCT03771326, NCT03315325). The fourth (NCT02514629, testosterone and metformin in obese men) only measures kisspeptin levels. No kisspeptin-54 study is labelled beyond phase 2. Source (opens in a new tab)

Targets

Molecular targets with action and evidence source
Target	Action	Evidence
KiSS-1 receptorKISS1RQ969F8 (opens in a new tab)	Agonist	primary literatureSource (opens in a new tab)

Sequence and structure

Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.

Sequence

54 amino acids · 1 modification

H-

GTSLSPPPES

SGSPQQPGLS

APHSRQIPAP

QGAVLVQREK

DLPNYNWNSF

GLRF

Parent: Metastasis-suppressor KiSS-1 (KISS1 precursor, human)

No sequence is listed for the parent, so no alignment is shown.UniProt Q15726 peptide feature 'Metastin' 68-121 with Phe121 amide.

Properties

From identity sources

Formula: C₂₅₇H₃₉₆N₇₆O₇₈
Molecular weight: 5,798.4 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass: 5,794.9357 Da

UniProt Q15726(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
GSRS UNII 2VG74ZW2K5(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
PubChem CID 71306396(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
PubChem CID 90479791(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
UniProt Q969F8(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08

Calculated from the sequence

pKa set

Average mass: 5,798.43 Da; Sum of ExPASy residue masses + water + C-amide · ExPASy Compute pI/Mw; FindMod
Monoisotopic mass: 5,794.9356 Da; Sum of ExPASy residue masses + water + C-amide · ExPASy FindMod
Isoelectric point (pI): 10.44; pH of zero net charge, EMBOSS pKa set · EMBOSS iep, Epk.dat
Net charge at pH 7.4: 2.05; Henderson-Hasselbalch, EMBOSS pKa set · EMBOSS iep, Epk.dat
GRAVY (hydropathy): −0.776; Mean Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy · Kyte and Doolittle 1982; Negative: hydrophilic on average.
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (Cys reduced): 6,990 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam)
Instability index: 79.49; Dipeptide instability weights (DIWV) · Guruprasad et al. 1990; Above 40: classed as possibly unstable (ExPASy).
Aliphatic index: 59.6; Mole % A + 2.9 V + 3.9 (I + L) · Ikai 1980
Boman index: 1.83 kcal/mol; Mean solubility value (negated) · Boman 2003; 2.48 or below: lower protein-binding potential (Boman).
Hydrophobic moment (μH): 0.390; Eisenberg scale, 100° per residue, best 11-residue window · Eisenberg et al. 1982, 1984
pI with each pKa set: EMBOSS 10.44Bjellqvist (ExPASy) 9.98IPC peptide 10.39IPC protein 10.06

Defined and validated for proteins; use with care for short peptides.
Assumes an ideal alpha helix. Many short peptides are not helical.

@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses

Net charge by pH

pI 10.44 · Net charge at pH 7.4: 2.05

Point or use arrow keys

Henderson-Hasselbalch, EMBOSS pKa set, C-amide. Calculated, not measured.

Show as table

pH	Net charge
0	6.00
1	6.00
2	5.97
3	5.74
4	4.55
5	3.27
6	2.79
7	2.22
8	1.82
9	1.20
10	0.45
11	−0.59
12	−1.65
13	−3.27
14	−3.91

Composition

Hydrophobic20% (11)A I L V
Aromatic7% (4)F W Y
Positive9% (5)H K R
Negative6% (3)D E
Polar31% (17)N Q S T
Special26% (14)G P

54 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.

A Ala3 · 6%

I Ile1 · 2%

L Leu5 · 9%

M Met0 · 0%

V Val2 · 4%

F Phe2 · 4%

W Trp1 · 2%

Y Tyr1 · 2%

H His1 · 2%

K Lys1 · 2%

R Arg3 · 6%

D Asp1 · 2%

E Glu2 · 4%

N Asn3 · 6%

Q Gln5 · 9%

S Ser8 · 15%

T Thr1 · 2%

C Cys0 · 0%

G Gly5 · 9%

P Pro9 · 17%

3D structure

PredictedAlphaFold DB · Q15726

Loads the 3D viewer (3Dmol.js, about 150 KB) and the model file from AlphaFold DB (EMBL-EBI).

Helical wheel

An ideal alpha-helix projection. It shows where the hydrophobic residues fall if the peptide folds as a helix. It does not show that it does.

μH, residues shown: 0.094
μH, best 11-residue window: 0.390
Arrow direction: 282°
Residues: 54 · 3 rings of 18

HydrophilicHydrophobic

Eisenberg consensus (normalized) scale · + K, R · − D, E

Assumes an ideal α-helix: 100° per residue, 3.6 residues per turn. The arrow is the mean hydrophobic moment (Eisenberg et al. 1984) and points at the hydrophobic face.

Show as table

Position	Residue	Angle	Eisenberg consensus (normalized)
1	G	0°	0.48
2	T	100°	-0.05
3	S	200°	-0.18
4	L	300°	1.06
5	S	40°	-0.18
6	P	140°	0.12
7	P	240°	0.12
8	P	340°	0.12
9	E	80°	-0.74
10	S	180°	-0.18
11	S	280°	-0.18
12	G	20°	0.48
13	S	120°	-0.18
14	P	220°	0.12
15	Q	320°	-0.85
16	Q	60°	-0.85
17	P	160°	0.12
18	G	260°	0.48
19	L	0°	1.06
20	S	100°	-0.18
21	A	200°	0.62
22	P	300°	0.12
23	H	40°	-0.40
24	S	140°	-0.18
25	R	240°	-2.53
26	Q	340°	-0.85
27	I	80°	1.38
28	P	180°	0.12
29	A	280°	0.62
30	P	20°	0.12
31	Q	120°	-0.85
32	G	220°	0.48
33	A	320°	0.62
34	V	60°	1.08
35	L	160°	1.06
36	V	260°	1.08
37	Q	0°	-0.85
38	R	100°	-2.53
39	E	200°	-0.74
40	K	300°	-1.50
41	D	40°	-0.90
42	L	140°	1.06
43	P	240°	0.12
44	N	340°	-0.78
45	Y	80°	0.26
46	N	180°	-0.78
47	W	280°	0.81
48	N	20°	-0.78
49	S	120°	-0.18
50	F	220°	1.19
51	G	320°	0.48
52	L	60°	1.06
53	R	160°	-2.53
54	F	260°	1.19

Results by area

Kisspeptin-54 results by year and outcome

Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Studies by year

77 of 113 studies have results (68%), published 2004 to 2026. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about Kisspeptin-54 (metastin), by class. The rows use different scales.

Studies
Human
Animal
Lab
Computer model
Natural levels, tool or combination only

Studies113 in all, 2003 to 2026

Studies with results77 in all, 2004 to 2026

Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

What the studies measured

People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Kisspeptin-54 studies on sex hormones and fertility

167 results · people 113 · animals 51 · lab 3

Top 5 of 167 results

In healthy adults, kisspeptin‑54 raised luteinizing hormone more than placebo.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025
In women at high risk of ovarian overstimulation, a second kisspeptin‑54 dose led to a good egg yield in more women than one dose.Human reproduction, 2017
In healthy men, kisspeptin sprayed into the nose raised luteinising hormone more than saline, and a higher dose gave a larger rise.Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2022
In women at high risk of ovarian overstimulation having IVF, eggs matured in 95% of women after one kisspeptin‑54 injection.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2015
In healthy women, kisspeptin‑54 raised LH more than saline in every phase of the menstrual cycle.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2007

Kisspeptin-54 studies on sexual and women's health

8 results · people 8 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 5 of 8 results

In women with low sexual desire, kisspeptin changed activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus during sexual and attractiveness tasks compared with placebo.JAMA network open, 2022
In men with low sexual desire, kisspeptin‑54 raised penile response to sexual stimuli more than placebo did.JAMA network open, 2023
In women with low sexual desire, kisspeptin increased activity in the right postcentral and supramarginal gyrus during sexual and attractiveness tasks compared with placebo.JAMA network open, 2022
In men with low sexual desire, kisspeptin‑54 raised happiness about sex more than placebo did.JAMA network open, 2023
In women with low sexual desire, kisspeptin changed activity in the right temporoparietal junction during sexual and attractiveness tasks compared with placebo.JAMA network open, 2022

Kisspeptin-54 studies on heart and blood vessels

7 results · people 5 · animals 0 · lab 2

Top 5 of 7 results

In healthy adults, kisspeptin‑54 did not change systolic blood pressure compared with placebo.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025
In healthy adults, kisspeptin‑54 did not change heart rate compared with placebo.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025
In lab tests on human artery rings, kisspeptin‑54 made the vessel tissue contract.Endocrinology, 2007
In healthy men and women, kisspeptin‑54 was not linked to changes in blood pressure.British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2010
In healthy men and women, kisspeptin‑54 was not linked to changes in heart rate.British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2010

Kisspeptin-54 studies on growth hormone and growth

4 results · people 4 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 3 of 4 results

In healthy women, growth hormone did not change in the first hours after kisspeptin‑54 compared with vehicle.Clinical endocrinology, 2014
In healthy women, how often growth hormone pulses occurred did not change after kisspeptin‑54 compared with vehicle.Clinical endocrinology, 2014
In healthy women, the size of growth hormone pulses did not change after kisspeptin‑54 compared with vehicle.Clinical endocrinology, 2014

Kisspeptin-54 studies on hormones

4 results · people 4 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 3 of 4 results

In healthy women, prolactin did not change in the first hours after kisspeptin‑54 compared with vehicle.Clinical endocrinology, 2014
In healthy women, TSH did not change in the first hours after kisspeptin‑54 compared with vehicle.Clinical endocrinology, 2014
In healthy women, a week of kisspeptin‑54 injections did not change prolactin compared with vehicle.Clinical endocrinology, 2014

Kisspeptin-54 studies on side effects

5 results · people 3 · animals 2 · lab 0

Top 3 of 5 results

In women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, researchers saw no side effects with kisspeptin‑54.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2010
In women with low sexual desire, kisspeptin infusion was well tolerated and no adverse effects were reported.JAMA network open, 2022
In healthy adults and women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea, nasal kisspeptin‑54 caused no side effects or adverse events.EBioMedicine, 2025

Kisspeptin-54 studies on blood levels and clearance

3 results · people 3 · animals 0 · lab 0

3 results

In six male volunteers, kisspeptin‑54 had a plasma half-life of about 27.6 minutes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2005
In six male volunteers, the body cleared kisspeptin‑54 at a mean rate of 3.2 ml/kg per minute.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2005
In six male volunteers, kisspeptin‑54 had a volume of distribution of 128.9 ml/kg.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2005

Kisspeptin-54 studies on mood, stress and behavior

4 results · people 2 · animals 2 · lab 0

4 results

In healthy adults, kisspeptin‑54 did not change anxiety scores compared with placebo.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025
In healthy adults, kisspeptin‑54 did not change cortisol compared with placebo.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025
In rats with a Parkinson-like lesion, nasal kisspeptin‑54 reduced depression-like behavior.Balkan medical journal, 2024
In rats with a Parkinson-like lesion, nasal kisspeptin‑54 reduced anxiety-like behavior.Balkan medical journal, 2024

Kisspeptin-54 studies on immune system and inflammation

26 results · people 0 · animals 16 · lab 10

Top 5 of 26 results

In septic mice, kisspeptin‑54 reduced the number of inflammatory cells in the abdominal cavity.Neuropeptides, 2026
In rats with ovarian hyperstimulation, kisspeptin‑54 given into the brain or into a vein lowered a marker of ovarian inflammation, VEGFa.Neuropeptides, 2022
In septic mice, kisspeptin‑54 reduced lung injury.Neuropeptides, 2026
In lab tests on human neutrophils, kisspeptin‑54 reduced their ability to engulf bacteria.Journal of reproductive immunology, 2022
In septic mice, kisspeptin‑54 lowered the inflammatory signal IL-1β.Neuropeptides, 2026

Kisspeptin-54 studies on brain and nerves

17 results · people 0 · animals 15 · lab 2

Top 3 of 17 results

In rats with a Parkinson-like lesion, nasal kisspeptin‑54 reduced the movement problems caused by the lesion.Behavioural brain research, 2024
In rats with a Parkinson-like lesion, nasal kisspeptin‑54 reduced the movement problems caused by the lesion.Balkan medical journal, 2024
In mice with stroke, Kisspeptin‑54 given beforehand reduced the size of the brain damage by 42%.Chemical biology & drug design, 2025

Kisspeptin-54 studies on receptors and cell signals

17 results · people 0 · animals 8 · lab 9

Top 5 of 17 results

In male rats of different ages, kisspeptin‑54 given outside the brain switched on c-Fos in the pituitary.Peptides, 2010
In hamsters kept in short days, one Kp54 injection switched on FOS in many GNRH neurons and pituitary cells.Reproduction, 2011
In septic mice, kisspeptin‑54 increased activation of AMPK in the lung.Neuropeptides, 2026
In mouse lung immune cells, kisspeptin‑54 increased activation of AMPK.Neuropeptides, 2026
In cells, Kisspeptin‑54 reduced the rise of ZEB1, a protein that represses barrier genes.Tissue & cell, 2026

Kisspeptin-54 studies on kidneys and bladder

4 results · people 0 · animals 3 · lab 1

Top 3 of 4 results

In diabetic mice, Kisspeptin‑54 restored a protein that holds kidney barrier cells together.Tissue & cell, 2026
In diabetic mice, Kisspeptin‑54 lowered the amount of albumin lost in urine.Tissue & cell, 2026
In diabetic mice, Kisspeptin‑54 lowered serum creatinine, a kidney marker.Tissue & cell, 2026

Kisspeptin-54 studies on memory and thinking

2 results · people 0 · animals 2 · lab 0

2 results

In rats with a Parkinson's disease model, nasal KP-54 improved thinking and memory problems compared with vehicle.Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2026
In rats with a Parkinson's disease model, KP-54 restored a measure of brain connection function in the hippocampus.Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2026

Kisspeptin-54 studies on blood sugar

2 results · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 1

2 results

In mice, kisspeptin‑54 reduced insulin release.Molecular endocrinology, 2014
In cells, kisspeptin‑54 reduced insulin release.Molecular endocrinology, 2014

Kisspeptin-54 studies on daily life and fitness

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In rats with a Parkinson's disease model, nasal KP-54 improved movement problems compared with vehicle.Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2026

Kisspeptin-54 studies on survival and serious illness

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In septic mice, kisspeptin‑54 improved survival over 7 days.Neuropeptides, 2026

Kisspeptin-54 studies on bones and joints

4 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 4

Top 3 of 4 results

In mouse cartilage cells under oxidative stress, Kisspeptin‑54 at up to 200 nM rescued cell survival.Neuropeptides, 2025
In mouse cartilage cells under oxidative stress, Kisspeptin‑54 lowered cell damage release by 57 % at 200 nM.Neuropeptides, 2025
In mouse cartilage cells under oxidative stress, Kisspeptin‑54 reduced reactive oxygen species.Neuropeptides, 2025

Kisspeptin-54 studies on cells, genes and aging

3 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 3

3 results

In mouse cartilage cells under oxidative stress, Kisspeptin‑54 restored the protein SIRT3.Neuropeptides, 2025
In mouse cartilage cells under oxidative stress, Kisspeptin‑54 lowered a p53 change linked to aging by 56 % at 200 nM.Neuropeptides, 2025
In mouse cartilage cells under oxidative stress, Kisspeptin‑54 restored telomere length to 91 % of control.Neuropeptides, 2025

Kisspeptin-54 studies on cancer

2 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 2

2 results

In melanoma cells, kisspeptin‑54 added to vemurafenib increased cell death more than vemurafenib alone.Frontiers in oncology, 2023
In drug-resistant melanoma cells, kisspeptin‑54 added to vemurafenib increased cell death more than vemurafenib alone.Frontiers in oncology, 2023

Trials and papers

Kisspeptin-54 trials

Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.

StatusPhase

1 trial match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Trials on this page (1 of 1)

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results

Completed
Ongoing
Not yet recruiting
Stopped
Estimated dates (est.)
Results posted

201220132014201520162017

Ph 2
The Use of the Hormone Kisspeptin in 'in Vitro Fertilisation' (IVF) Treatment
NCT01667406
1 Jun 2012 to 11 Oct 2016

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 2Results postedNCT01667406

The Use of the Hormone Kisspeptin in 'in Vitro Fertilisation' (IVF) Treatment

Imperial College Londonn = 1751 Jun 2012 to 11 Oct 2016

Infertility

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 8 Jun 2021

Papers

Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.

Sort

Design

113 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.

Showing 23 of 113 studiesquery qry_434fa8d0f7a4aaa9beb6acb4

Studies with results

77 studies in all, 21 on this page

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2004

8 results

A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse.

Gottsch et al. 2004Endocrinologycited by 853

PMID 15217982DOI 10.1210/en.2004-0431PUB-15217982

Full text at the publisher5 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given (plus 1 on natural levels, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (8)

Randomized controlled trial · 2005

6 results

Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human males.

Dhillo et al. 2005The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismn = 6cited by 472

PMID 16174713DOI 10.1210/jc.2005-1468PUB-16174713

Rights unknown6 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given

Source link See results (6)

Not a test of Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) alone · 2010

5 results

Mutations of the KISS1 gene in disorders of puberty.

Silveira et al. 2010The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 243

PMID 20237166PMC2869552DOI 10.1210/jc.2009-2421PUB-20237166

Rights unknown5 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Source link See results (5)

Measured the body's own Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) · 2008

5 results

An increase in kisspeptin-54 release occurs with the pubertal increase in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-1 release in the stalk-median eminence of female rhesus monkeys in vivo.

Keen et al. 2008Endocrinologycited by 208

PMID 18450954PMC2488227DOI 10.1210/en.2008-0231PUB-18450954

Rights unknown4 results on the body's own Kisspeptin-54 (metastin). Nobody was given Kisspeptin-54 (metastin).

Source link See results (5)

Randomized controlled trial · 2007

4 results

Kisspeptin-54 stimulates gonadotropin release most potently during the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle in women.

Dhillo et al. 2007The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismn = 8cited by 202

PMID 17635940DOI 10.1210/jc.2007-1116PUB-17635940

Full text at the publisher4 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given

Publisher page See results (4)

Randomized controlled trial · 2009

7 results

Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis.

Jayasena et al. 2009The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismn = 5cited by 149

PMID 19820030DOI 10.1210/jc.2009-0406PUB-19820030

Rights unknown7 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given

Source link See results (7)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2007

6 results

Inhibition of metastin (kisspeptin-54)-GPR54 signaling in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence region during lactation in rats.

Yamada et al. 2007Endocrinologycited by 116

PMID 17289848DOI 10.1210/en.2006-1529PUB-17289848

Rights unknown2 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given (plus 4 on natural levels, listed separately)

Source link See results (6)

Non-randomized trial · 2014

5 results

Kisspeptin-54 triggers egg maturation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Jayasena et al. 2014The Journal of clinical investigationn = 53cited by 109

PMID 25036713PMC4109525DOI 10.1172/jci75730PUB-25036713

Rights unknown5 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given

Source link See results (5)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2006

11 results

Chronic subcutaneous administration of kisspeptin-54 causes testicular degeneration in adult male rats.

Thompson et al. 2006American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolismcited by 103

PMID 16787965DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00040.2006PUB-16787965

Full text at the publisher11 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given

Publisher page See results (11)

Randomized controlled trial · 2015

10 results

Efficacy of Kisspeptin-54 to Trigger Oocyte Maturation in Women at High Risk of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) During In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Therapy.

Abbara et al. 2015The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismn = 60cited by 101

PMID 26192876PMC4570165DOI 10.1210/jc.2015-2332PUB-26192876

CC BY10 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given

Download PDF See results (10)

Ex vivo tissue · 2007

8 results

Kisspeptins are novel potent vasoconstrictors in humans, with a discrete localization of their receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 54, to atherosclerosis-prone vessels.

Mead et al. 2007Endocrinologycited by 96

PMID 17023533DOI 10.1210/en.2006-0818PUB-17023533

Rights unknown2 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given (plus 2 on natural levels, listed separately)

Source link See results (8)

Non-randomized trial · 2014

3 results

Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of Kisspeptin-54.

Jayasena et al. 2014The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismn = 5cited by 95

PMID 24517142PMC4207927DOI 10.1210/jc.2013-1569PUB-24517142

CC BY3 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given

Download PDF See results (3)

Randomized controlled trial · 2010

5 results

Twice-weekly administration of kisspeptin-54 for 8 weeks stimulates release of reproductive hormones in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Jayasena et al. 2010Clinical pharmacology and therapeuticscited by 86

PMID 20980998DOI 10.1038/clpt.2010.204PUB-20980998

Full text at the publisher5 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given

Publisher page See results (5)

Non-randomized trial · 2020

5 results

Kisspeptin receptor agonist has therapeutic potential for female reproductive disorders.

Abbara et al. 2020The Journal of clinical investigationn = 9cited by 73

PMID 33196464PMC7685751DOI 10.1172/jci139681PUB-33196464

Rights unknown5 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given

Source link See results (5)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2006

4 results

Administration of kisspeptin-54 into discrete regions of the hypothalamus potently increases plasma luteinising hormone and testosterone in male adult rats.

Patterson et al. 2006Journal of neuroendocrinologycited by 61

PMID 16629833DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01420.xPUB-16629833

Full text at the publisher4 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given

Publisher page See results (4)

Measured the body's own Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) · 2013

5 results

Phthalates may promote female puberty by increasing kisspeptin activity.

Chen et al. 2013Human reproduction (Oxford, England)cited by 60

PMID 23945596DOI 10.1093/humrep/det325PUB-23945596

Rights unknown5 results on the body's own Kisspeptin-54 (metastin). Nobody was given Kisspeptin-54 (metastin).

Source link See results (5)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2009

7 results

Comparison of the effects of peripherally administered kisspeptins.

Mikkelsen et al. 2009Regulatory peptidescited by 55

PMID 18940206DOI 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.10.001PUB-18940206

Full text at the publisher3 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given

Publisher page See results (7)

Not a test of Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) alone · 2014

7 results

Sustained exposure to the investigational Kisspeptin analog, TAK-448, down-regulates testosterone into the castration range in healthy males and in patients with prostate cancer: results from two phase 1 studies.

MacLean et al. 2014The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 55

PMID 24762108DOI 10.1210/jc.2013-4236PUB-24762108

Rights unknown7 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Source link See results (7)

Not a test of Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) alone · 2008

7 results

Kisspeptin-13 inhibits insulin secretion without affecting glucagon or somatostatin release: study in the perfused rat pancreas.

Silvestre et al. 2008The Journal of endocrinologycited by 51

PMID 18252951DOI 10.1677/joe-07-0454PUB-18252951

Rights unknown7 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Source link See results (7)

Measured the body's own Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) · 2009

4 results

Postmenopausal increase in KiSS-1, GPR54, and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH-1) mRNA in the basal hypothalamus of female rhesus monkeys.

Kim et al. 2009Peptidescited by 51

PMID 18619506PMC2612733DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.005PUB-18619506

Rights unknown4 results on the body's own Kisspeptin-54 (metastin). Nobody was given Kisspeptin-54 (metastin).

Source link See results (4)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2010

5 results

Maturation of kisspeptinergic neurons coincides with puberty onset in male rats.

Bentsen et al. 2010Peptidescited by 51

PMID 19944729DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.11.017PUB-19944729

Full text at the publisher3 results where Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) was given (plus 2 on natural levels, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (5)

More studies

16 studies in all, 2 on this page

PubMed tag: Review · 2003

KISS1 metastasis suppression and emergent pathways.

Harms et al. 2003Clinical & experimental metastasiscited by 82

PMID 12650602DOI 10.1023/a:1022530100931PUB-12650602

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

Indexing hint: Animal study · 2012

Corrected

Developmental changes in GnRH release in response to kisspeptin agonist and antagonist in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): implication for the mechanism of puberty.

Guerriero et al. 2012Endocrinologycited by 73

PMID 22166978PMC3275383DOI 10.1210/en.2011-1565PUB-22166978

Rights unknown

Source link Read the notice

No result for Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) (2 studies on this page, 20 in all)

These studies name Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) but give no result for it (for example, the results concern another peptide in the study).

PubMed tag: Review · 2010

International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXVII. Kisspeptin receptor nomenclature, distribution, and function.

Kirby et al. 2010Pharmacological reviewscited by 81

PMID 21079036PMC2993257DOI 10.1124/pr.110.002774PUB-21079036

Rights unknown

Source link

PubMed tag: Review · 2008

The kisspeptin (KiSS-1)/GPR54 system in cancer biology.

Makri et al. 2008Cancer treatment reviewscited by 68

PMID 18583061DOI 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.05.007PUB-18583061

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

Newer studies

PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.

Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) studies: 77 papers with results

Page 1 of 2

A second dose of kisspeptin-54 improves oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a Phase 2 randomized controlled trial.
Abbara A · Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Efficacy of Kisspeptin-54 to Trigger Oocyte Maturation in Women at High Risk of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) During In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Therapy.
Abbara A · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2015
Randomized controlled trial · 10 results
Effects of Kisspeptin Administration in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Thurston L · JAMA network open · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Mills EG · JAMA network open · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 3 results
Kisspeptin Administration Stimulates Reproductive Hormones but Does Not Affect Anxiety in Humans.
Mills EG · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
RF34 | PMON222 Reproductive Hormone Secretion is Increased by Intranasal Kisspeptin in Humans
Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 13 results
Kisspeptin-54 stimulates gonadotropin release most potently during the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle in women.
Dhillo WS · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2007
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human males.
Dhillo WS · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2005
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis.
Jayasena CN · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2009
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Twice-weekly administration of kisspeptin-54 for 8 weeks stimulates release of reproductive hormones in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea.
Jayasena CN · Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2010
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Intranasal kisspeptin administration rapidly stimulates gonadotropin release in humans.
Mills EG · EBioMedicine · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Kisspeptin-54 triggers egg maturation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.
Jayasena CN · The Journal of clinical investigation · 2014
Non-randomized trial · 5 results
The use of kisspeptin as a novel physiological oocyte maturation trigger for patients undergoing IVF treatment
Christopoulos G · Imperial College London · 2015
Non-randomized trial · 1 result
Kisspeptin-54 Accurately Identifies Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Dysfunction in Men with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.
Abbara A · Neuroendocrinology · 2021
Non-randomized trial · 5 results
Kisspeptin treatment induces gonadotropic responses and rescues ovulation in a subset of preclinical models and women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Romero-Ruiz A · Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2019
Non-randomized trial · 10 results
Hypothalamic Response to Kisspeptin-54 and Pituitary Response to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Are Preserved in Healthy Older Men.
Abbara A · Neuroendocrinology · 2018
Non-randomized trial · 4 results
Kisspeptin receptor agonist has therapeutic potential for female reproductive disorders.
Abbara A · The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020
Non-randomized trial · 5 results
A single injection of kisspeptin-54 temporarily increases luteinizing hormone pulsatility in healthy women.
Jayasena CN · Clinical endocrinology · 2013
Non-randomized trial · 3 results
Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of Kisspeptin-54.
Jayasena CN · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2014
Non-randomized trial · 3 results
Direct comparison of the effects of intravenous kisspeptin-10, kisspeptin-54 and GnRH on gonadotrophin secretion in healthy men.
Jayasena CN · Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2015
Non-randomized trial · 6 results
Twice-daily subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 does not abolish menstrual cyclicity in healthy female volunteers.
Jayasena CN · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2013
Non-randomized trial · 6 results
Acute and chronic effects of kisspeptin-54 administration on GH, prolactin and TSH secretion in healthy women.
Jayasena CN · Clinical endocrinology · 2014
Non-randomized trial · 8 results
Subcutaneous infusion of kisspeptin-54 stimulates gonadotrophin release in women and the response correlates with basal oestradiol levels.
Narayanaswamy S · Clinical endocrinology · 2016
Non-randomized trial · 4 results
The direct and indirect effects of kisspeptin-54 on granulosa lutein cell function.
Owens LA · Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2018
Non-randomized trial · 18 results
The effects of kisspeptin-54 on blood pressure in humans and plasma kisspeptin concentrations in hypertensive diseases of pregnancy.
Nijher GM · British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2010
Non-randomized trial · 7 results
The use of hormonal strategies to improve the safety of in vitro fertilisation
Clarke S · Imperial College London · 2018
Other design · 2 results
The role of kisspeptin in reproduction
Comninos A · Imperial College London · 2014
Other design · 4 results
Investigation of the novel hormone kisspeptin in disorders of reproduction
Nijher GMK · Imperial College London · 2012
Other design · 3 results
Immunohistochemistry of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and Integrin αVβ3 in Mouse Endometrium Following Kisspeptin-54 Ovulation Trigger.
Abdelkareem AO · Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 5 results
A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse.
Gottsch ML · Endocrinology · 2004
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 8 results
Inhibition of metastin (kisspeptin-54)-GPR54 signaling in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence region during lactation in rats.
Yamada S · Endocrinology · 2007
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 6 results
Chronic subcutaneous administration of kisspeptin-54 causes testicular degeneration in adult male rats.
Thompson EL · American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2006
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 11 results
Administration of kisspeptin-54 into discrete regions of the hypothalamus potently increases plasma luteinising hormone and testosterone in male adult rats.
Patterson M · Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2006
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
Comparison of the effects of peripherally administered kisspeptins.
Mikkelsen JD · Regulatory peptides · 2009
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 7 results
Maturation of kisspeptinergic neurons coincides with puberty onset in male rats.
Bentsen AH · Peptides · 2010
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 5 results
Peripheral kisspeptin reverses short photoperiod-induced gonadal regression in Syrian hamsters by promoting GNRH release.
Ansel L · Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2011
Animal study (in vivo) · syrian hamster · 5 results
Kisspeptin-54 at high doses acutely induces testicular degeneration in adult male rats via central mechanisms.
Thompson EL · British journal of pharmacology · 2009
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 5 results
LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Isl-1 mediates kisspeptin's effect on insulin secretion in mice.
Chen J · Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2014
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 9 results
Nasal application of kisspeptin-54 mitigates motor deficits by reducing nigrostriatal dopamine loss in hemiparkinsonian rats.
Sinen O · Behavioural brain research · 2024
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 5 results
Chronic Nasal Administration of Kisspeptin-54 Regulates Mood-Related Disorders Via Amygdaloid GABA in Hemi-Parkinsonian Rats
Sinen O · Balkan medical journal · 2024
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 6 results
Effect of Kisspeptin-54 on Testicular Degeneration Induced by Cadmium Chloride.
Ali Hameed M · Archives of Razi Institute · 2022
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2 results
Kisspeptin-54 Restores Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity via GATA-4 in Ischemic Stroke.
Shan W · Chemical biology & drug design · 2025
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 12 results
Effects of intracerebroventricular and intravenous administration of Kisspeptin-54 and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in rats with ovarian hyperstimulation.
Bilister Egilmez C · Neuropeptides · 2022
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 6 results
Effect of kisspeptin-54 on ovarian levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in an experimental model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
Birinci H · Reproduction, fertility, and development · 2021
Animal study (in vivo) · rat (sprague-dawley) · 8 results
Kisspeptin-54 attenuates acute lung injury in septic mice through AMPK-mediated suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Wang X · Neuropeptides · 2026
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 20 results
Therapeutic potential of nasal kisspeptin-54 for reducing α-synuclein accumulation and restoring hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease.
Gemici Sinen A · Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2026
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 6 results
Kisspeptin-54 confers renal protection in diabetic nephropathy by ameliorating endothelial permeability through ZEB1 inhibition.
Gao L · Tissue & cell · 2026
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 9 results
Kisspeptins are novel potent vasoconstrictors in humans, with a discrete localization of their receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 54, to atherosclerosis-prone vessels.
Mead EJ · Endocrinology · 2007
Ex vivo tissue · 8 results
Native recombinant kisspeptin can induce gnrh1 and kissr2 expression in Paralichthys olivaceus in vitro.
Song H · Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology · 2016
In vitro (cells) · paralichthys olivaceus · 5 results
Kisspeptin-mediated improvement of sensitivity to BRAF inhibitors in vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells.
Guzzetti C · Frontiers in oncology · 2023
In vitro (cells) · 2 results

Status and safety

Regulatory and safety

Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction, with date and source
Jurisdiction	Body	Status	As of	Source
US	FDA	No Drugs@FDA application found (openFDA search 'kisspeptin' and 'metastin', re-run 2026-10-13). The FDA orphan designation database could not be searched (see verification.unresolved).	13 Oct 2026	fda.gov (opens in a new tab)
EU	EMA	No centrally authorised, withdrawn or refused medicine and no orphan designation for this substance in the EMA data files, re-checked 2026-10-13 (medicines file, all statuses, timestamp 2026-10-13T06:02:34Z, 2748 records; orphan designations file timestamp 2026-10-13T06:05:30Z, 3310 records). A text search for 'kiss' in the medicines file hits only Gonazon (a fish product) because of the species name Oncorhynchus mykiss. National authorisations in EU member states were not checked.	13 Oct 2026	ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab)
Sport	WADA	Banned in sport (WADA S2.2.1) S2.2.1 'Testosterone-stimulating peptides in males including, but not limited to: ... kisspeptin and its agonist analogues' (2026 List, in force; the same line is in the 2027 List).	2026 List	wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab)
World (WADA 2027 list)	Note	The 2027 Prohibited List, in force from 2027-01-01, names kisspeptin and its agonist analogues in S2.2.1 (males).	13 Oct 2026	wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab)

Safety outcomes

19 safety results for Kisspeptin-54 (metastin).

Human evidence· 9

In women at high risk of OHSS, a second dose of kisspeptin‑54 did not increase ovarian over-response or moderate OHSS (single dose 1/31, double dose 0/31).
Randomized controlled trialn = 62
In women at high risk of OHSS having IVF, no woman developed moderate, severe or critical OHSS after kisspeptin‑54.
Randomized controlled trialn = 60
In women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, no adverse effects were observed with kisspeptin‑54.
Randomized controlled trialn not reported
In women with HSDD, kisspeptin‑54 infusion was well tolerated, with no reported adverse effects.
Randomized controlled trialn not reported
In healthy men and women and in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhoea, intranasal kisspeptin‑54 caused no side effects or adverse events.
Randomized controlled trialn not reported
In women undergoing IVF, markers of vascular permeability and oocyte growth factors in granulosa lutein cells were unchanged after kisspeptin‑54 triggering.
Non-randomized trialn not reported
In healthy men and women, kisspeptin‑54 administration was not associated with significant changes in blood pressure.
Non-randomized trialn not reported
In healthy men and women, kisspeptin‑54 administration was not associated with significant changes in heart rate.
Non-randomized trialn not reported

Animal evidence· 9

In adult male rats, continuous subcutaneous kisspeptin‑54 at 50 nmol/day for 13 days decreased testicular weight.
Animal study (in vivo)rat
In adult male rats given continuous kisspeptin‑54 for 13 days, histology showed degeneration of the seminiferous tubules.
Animal study (in vivo)rat
In adult male rats given continuous kisspeptin‑54 for 13 days, circulating inhibin B decreased significantly.
Animal study (in vivo)rat
In adult male rats given continuous kisspeptin‑54 for 13 days, plasma free testosterone was lower, but the change did not reach statistical significance.
Animal study (in vivo)rat
In adult male rats given continuous kisspeptin‑54 for 13 days, plasma total testosterone was lower, but the change did not reach statistical significance.
Animal study (in vivo)rat
In male rats, continuous subcutaneous kisspeptin‑54 caused testicular degeneration after only 12 hours.
Animal study (in vivo)rat
In male rats, a single subcutaneous kisspeptin‑54 injection caused dose-dependent testicular degeneration.
Animal study (in vivo)rat
In male rats, a single intracerebroventricular kisspeptin‑54 injection caused testicular degeneration.
Animal study (in vivo)rat

Lab evidence· 1

In cultured human granulosa lutein cells, kisspeptin‑54 had no significant direct effect on OHSS genes.
In vitro (cells)

Doses studied · 53

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

9.6 nmol/kg first dose, second dose 10 h laterHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
Not reported
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 62
3.2, 6.4, 9.6 or 12.8 nmol/kgHuman
Species
human
Route
Not reported
Duration
Not reported
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 60
1 nmol/kg/hHuman
Species
human
Route
intravenous
Duration
75 minutes
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 32
1 nmol/kg/hHuman
Species
human
Route
intravenous infusion
Duration
75 minutes
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 32
1 nmol/kg/hHuman
Species
human
Route
intravenous
Duration
75 minutes
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 95
12.8 nmol/kgHuman
Species
human
Route
Not reported
Duration
Not reported
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 25

Doses studied in the study results, as given in the studies.
Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design
9.6 nmol/kg first dose, second dose 10 h later	Human	human	subcutaneous	Not reported	Randomized controlled trial · n = 62
3.2, 6.4, 9.6 or 12.8 nmol/kg	Human	human	Not reported	Not reported	Randomized controlled trial · n = 60
1 nmol/kg/h	Human	human	intravenous	75 minutes	Randomized controlled trial · n = 32
1 nmol/kg/h	Human	human	intravenous infusion	75 minutes	Randomized controlled trial · n = 32
1 nmol/kg/h	Human	human	intravenous	75 minutes	Randomized controlled trial · n = 95
12.8 nmol/kg	Human	human	Not reported	Not reported	Randomized controlled trial · n = 25

6 of 53 shown

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Data

Data and API

Data version, change history and code for this peptide.

Data version 30856030 Oct 2026

Peptide

Peptide id: PEP-000041
Peptide version: 10
Peptide hash: 1c588bff41dfabf7…
Data version: 308560

Latest changes

27 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 256710
22 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 254538
21 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 213634
14 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 194703
13 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 188878
13 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 175775

For developers

curl -s https://pepbank.io/v1/briefs/kisspeptin-54

Evidence summary for Kisspeptin-54 (metastin): counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.

Peptide as JSON Evidence summary as JSON

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health	Human: 113 results from 24 studies: 58 increase, 17 decrease, 20 no significant change, 1 mixed, 17 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 51 results from 13 studies: 32 increase, 6 decrease, 10 no significant change, 1 mixed, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 2 studies: 1 decrease, 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	167
Sexual functionReproductive and sexual health	Human: 8 results from 2 studies: 3 increase, 2 decrease, 1 mixed, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	8
Growth hormone and IGF-1Endocrine and hormones	Human: 4 results from 1 study: 4 no significant change. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial	No results	No results	No results	4
Pituitary hormonesEndocrine and hormones	Human: 4 results from 1 study: 4 no significant change. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial	No results	No results	No results	4
Adverse eventsWhole body	Human: 3 results from 3 studies: 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 2 results from 1 study: 1 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	5
Blood pressureCardiovascular	Human: 3 results from 2 studies: 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	3
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	Human: 3 results from 1 study: 3 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	3
Anxiety and moodMental health and mood	Human: 2 results from 1 study: 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 2 results from 1 study: 2 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	4
Heart functionCardiovascular	Human: 2 results from 2 studies: 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	2
Inflammation markersRespiratory	No results	Animal: 16 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 15 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 1 study: 3 decrease. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	19
NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 15 results from 4 studies: 3 increase, 8 decrease, 1 mixed, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 1 increase, 1 decrease. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	17
Receptor activity and mechanismRespiratory	No results	Animal: 8 results from 6 studies: 5 increase, 3 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 9 results from 5 studies: 3 increase, 3 decrease, 1 mixed, 2 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	17

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	All
Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health	18	31	–	–	49
Tumor growthCancer	7	–	–	–	7
Blood pressureCardiovascular	5	–	–	–	5
NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition	–	3	–	–	3
Receptor activity and mechanismEndocrine and hormones	–	–	3	–	3
Aging markersReproductive and sexual health	2	–	–	–	2
Endogenous peptide levelsEndocrine and hormones	1	–	–	–	1
Immune responseImmune and inflammation	–	1	–	–	1
Kidney functionKidney and urinary	–	1	–	–	1
All outcome groups	33	36	3	–	72

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health	Human: 113 results from 24 studies: 58 increase, 17 decrease, 20 no significant change, 1 mixed, 17 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 51 results from 13 studies: 32 increase, 6 decrease, 10 no significant change, 1 mixed, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 2 studies: 1 decrease, 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	167
Sexual functionReproductive and sexual health	Human: 8 results from 2 studies: 3 increase, 2 decrease, 1 mixed, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	8
Growth hormone and IGF-1Endocrine and hormones	Human: 4 results from 1 study: 4 no significant change. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial	No results	No results	No results	4
Pituitary hormonesEndocrine and hormones	Human: 4 results from 1 study: 4 no significant change. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial	No results	No results	No results	4
Adverse eventsWhole body	Human: 3 results from 3 studies: 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 2 results from 1 study: 1 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	5
Blood pressureCardiovascular	Human: 3 results from 2 studies: 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	3
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	Human: 3 results from 1 study: 3 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	3
Anxiety and moodMental health and mood	Human: 2 results from 1 study: 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 2 results from 1 study: 2 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	4
Heart functionCardiovascular	Human: 2 results from 2 studies: 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	2
Inflammation markersRespiratory	No results	Animal: 16 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 15 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 1 study: 3 decrease. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	19
NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 15 results from 4 studies: 3 increase, 8 decrease, 1 mixed, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 1 increase, 1 decrease. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	17
Receptor activity and mechanismRespiratory	No results	Animal: 8 results from 6 studies: 5 increase, 3 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 9 results from 5 studies: 3 increase, 3 decrease, 1 mixed, 2 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	17

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	All
Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health	18	31	–	–	49
Tumor growthCancer	7	–	–	–	7
Blood pressureCardiovascular	5	–	–	–	5
NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition	–	3	–	–	3
Receptor activity and mechanismEndocrine and hormones	–	–	3	–	3
Aging markersReproductive and sexual health	2	–	–	–	2
Endogenous peptide levelsEndocrine and hormones	1	–	–	–	1
Immune responseImmune and inflammation	–	1	–	–	1
Kidney functionKidney and urinary	–	1	–	–	1
All outcome groups	33	36	3	–	72

Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) studies and research data

Kisspeptin-54 identity

Targets

Sequence and structure

Sequence

Parent: Metastasis-suppressor KiSS-1 (KISS1 precursor, human)

Properties

Net charge by pH

Composition

3D structure

Helical wheel

Kisspeptin-54 results by year and outcome

What the studies measured

Kisspeptin-54 studies on sex hormones and fertility

Kisspeptin-54 studies on sexual and women's health

Kisspeptin-54 studies on heart and blood vessels

Kisspeptin-54 studies on growth hormone and growth

Kisspeptin-54 studies on hormones

Kisspeptin-54 studies on side effects

Kisspeptin-54 studies on blood levels and clearance

Kisspeptin-54 studies on mood, stress and behavior

Kisspeptin-54 studies on immune system and inflammation

Kisspeptin-54 studies on brain and nerves

Kisspeptin-54 studies on receptors and cell signals

Kisspeptin-54 studies on kidneys and bladder

Kisspeptin-54 studies on memory and thinking

Kisspeptin-54 studies on blood sugar

Kisspeptin-54 studies on daily life and fitness

Kisspeptin-54 studies on survival and serious illness

Kisspeptin-54 studies on bones and joints

Kisspeptin-54 studies on cells, genes and aging

Kisspeptin-54 studies on cancer

Kisspeptin-54 trials

The Use of the Hormone Kisspeptin in 'in Vitro Fertilisation' (IVF) Treatment

Papers

Studies with results

A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse.

Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human males.

Mutations of the KISS1 gene in disorders of puberty.

An increase in kisspeptin-54 release occurs with the pubertal increase in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-1 release in the stalk-median eminence of female rhesus monkeys in vivo.

Kisspeptin-54 stimulates gonadotropin release most potently during the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle in women.

Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis.

Inhibition of metastin (kisspeptin-54)-GPR54 signaling in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence region during lactation in rats.

Kisspeptin-54 triggers egg maturation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Chronic subcutaneous administration of kisspeptin-54 causes testicular degeneration in adult male rats.

Efficacy of Kisspeptin-54 to Trigger Oocyte Maturation in Women at High Risk of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) During In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Therapy.

Kisspeptins are novel potent vasoconstrictors in humans, with a discrete localization of their receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 54, to atherosclerosis-prone vessels.

Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of Kisspeptin-54.

Twice-weekly administration of kisspeptin-54 for 8 weeks stimulates release of reproductive hormones in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Kisspeptin receptor agonist has therapeutic potential for female reproductive disorders.

Administration of kisspeptin-54 into discrete regions of the hypothalamus potently increases plasma luteinising hormone and testosterone in male adult rats.

Phthalates may promote female puberty by increasing kisspeptin activity.

Comparison of the effects of peripherally administered kisspeptins.

Sustained exposure to the investigational Kisspeptin analog, TAK-448, down-regulates testosterone into the castration range in healthy males and in patients with prostate cancer: results from two phase 1 studies.

Kisspeptin-13 inhibits insulin secretion without affecting glucagon or somatostatin release: study in the perfused rat pancreas.

Postmenopausal increase in KiSS-1, GPR54, and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH-1) mRNA in the basal hypothalamus of female rhesus monkeys.

Maturation of kisspeptinergic neurons coincides with puberty onset in male rats.

More studies

KISS1 metastasis suppression and emergent pathways.

Developmental changes in GnRH release in response to kisspeptin agonist and antagonist in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): implication for the mechanism of puberty.

International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXVII. Kisspeptin receptor nomenclature, distribution, and function.

The kisspeptin (KiSS-1)/GPR54 system in cancer biology.

Newer studies

Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) studies: 77 papers with results

Regulatory and safety

Human evidence· 9

Animal evidence· 9

Lab evidence· 1

Doses studied · 53

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Kisspeptin-54 results by year and outcome

Kisspeptin-54 studies on sex hormones and fertility

Kisspeptin-54 studies on sexual and women's health

Kisspeptin-54 studies on heart and blood vessels

Kisspeptin-54 studies on growth hormone and growth

Kisspeptin-54 studies on hormones