Peptides / Recovery and repair

Natural peptide · 43 amino acids · 4,963.4 Da

Thymosin beta-4 (human)

Not approvedBanned in sport

Thymosin beta-4 is a natural 43-amino-acid peptide that binds actin, and the parent of TB-500. It is not approved and is banned in sport, and most studies are in animals and lab cells, with a few small studies in people on the eye and skin. PepBank shows 32 results on thymosin beta-4 from 7 studies in people, and 1,415 from animal and lab studies. The strongest evidence is a randomized trial in people. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Also known as TMSB4X, Tβ4, GBT-201, RGN-137, RGN-259, RGN-352 and 5 more

First 40 of 43 amino acids1 changed amino acid

Evidence level: Mostly animal studies1,415 of 1,449 results come from studies in animals and lab cells. 7 studies in people.

Results in people

2% of 1,449 results

Results in animals

547

38% of 1,449 results

Results in lab cells

868

60% of 1,449 results

From computer models

under 1% of 1,449 results

Overview

Thymosin beta-4 (human) at a glance

What it is	Natural peptide, 43 amino acids
Approval	Not approved for any use
In sport	Banned in sport (WADA S2)
Studies	835 studies with results. 313 of them gave thymosin beta-4, with 1,449 results. 32 in people547 in animals868 in lab cells2 from computer models
Best study in people	Randomized controlled trial with 72 people (2015)
Clinical trials	13 registered: 1 active or planned, 7 with posted results

The science

What is thymosin beta-4?

Natural 43-residue actin-binding peptide (gene TMSB4X). Parent of TB-500. Developed as timbetasin; not approved.

Amino acids in one chain

The history of thymosin beta-4

1981
The oldest paper on thymosin beta-4 in PepBank is from 1981.
2006July
A registered trial of thymosin beta-4 started (NCT00832091).

Thymosin beta-4 (human) structure and chemistry

The key facts about the molecule. Long codes are in the closed section below.

Sequence, 43 amino acidsFrom the first amino acid to the last

S1−D+KP−D5MA−EI−E10+KF−D+KS15+KL+K+KT20−ETQ−E+K25NPLPS30+K−ETI−E35Q−E+KQA40G−ES

Darker means more water-repelling+ and − show charge in the bodyOutlined: changed amino acid

Structure

Thymosin beta-4 (human) is a natural peptide of 43 amino acids, with no ring, 1 changed amino acid.

Formula

C₂₁₂H₃₅₀N₅₆O₇₈S

Molecular weight

4,963.4 g/mol

CAS number

77642-24-1

Target

Actin, monomeric (G-actin): binds and sequesters G-actin; inhibits actin polymerisationEvidence: UniProt function annotation (PubMed 1999398, 10848969)

Development

Timbetasin acetate programmes: RGN-259 eye drops (trial sponsor ReGenTree, LLC, a joint venture of HLB Therapeutics and RegeneRx) and RGN-137 gel (NCT03578029 sponsor Lenus Therapeutics). Orphan designation sponsors: HLB Therapeutics Co., Ltd; ReGenTree, LLC. Highest phase: phase 3.

Identifiers

PubChem 16132341, ChEMBL CHEMBL4594313, UNII 549LM7U24W, DrugBank DB12003, UniProt P62328

Full sequence, SMILES and InChIKey

Three-letter sequence
Ac-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-Asp-Met-Ala-Glu-Ile-Glu-Lys-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ser-Lys-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln-Glu-Lys-Asn-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ser-Lys-Glu-Thr-Ile-Glu-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Glu-Ser-OH

InChIKey
UGPMCIBIHRSCBV-XNBOLLIBSA-N

SMILES
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]4CCCN4C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)C

See charge, composition and 3D structure on the Scientific page

The evidence

What thymosin beta-4 studies show

Results grouped by what the studies measured. Each card shows where its results come from.

Mostly animal studies1,415 of 1,449 results come from studies in animals and lab cells. 7 studies in people.

Skin, hair and wounds

132 results · 8 in people · 70 animal · 54 lab

In people with dry eye, Tβ4 eye drops did not differ from placebo in corneal staining at visit 5. Clinical ophthalmology, 2015

Top results

In people with dry eye, Tβ4 eye drops did not differ from placebo in corneal staining at visit 5. (Clinical ophthalmology, 2015)
In people with seborrheic dermatitis, the rhTβ4 gel worked better than ketoconazole lotion. (Microbial biotechnology, 2021)
In people with venous ulcers, a 0.03% thymosin beta‑4 dose may have the potential to speed up wound healing. (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010)

Eyes

17 results · 4 in people · 13 animal

In people with severe dry eye, thymosin β4 eye drops reduced eye discomfort more than vehicle drops. Cornea, 2015

Top results

In people with severe dry eye, thymosin β4 eye drops reduced eye discomfort more than vehicle drops. (Cornea, 2015)
In people with severe dry eye, thymosin β4 eye drops reduced damage to the eye surface more than vehicle drops. (Cornea, 2015)
In people with severe dry eye, thymosin β4 eye drops improved how long the tear film stays intact. (Cornea, 2015)

Heart and blood vessels

163 results · 2 in people · 83 animal · 78 lab

In people with a heart attack, overall damaged areas were not clearly smaller with recombinant thymosin beta‑4 than with placebo. Cardiovascular research, 2025

Top results

In people with a heart attack, overall damaged areas were not clearly smaller with recombinant thymosin beta‑4 than with placebo. (Cardiovascular research, 2025)
In an animal implant test, thymosin beta‑4 stimulated cell migration. The abstract does not name the species. (FASEB journal, 1997)
In mice given thymosin beta‑4 before a heart attack, the hearts showed no more Islet-1 cells than control hearts. (Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2018)

Pain

5 results · 2 in people · 3 animal

In people with dry eye, Tβ4 eye drops did not differ from placebo in discomfort at visit 5. Clinical ophthalmology, 2015

Top results

In people with dry eye, Tβ4 eye drops did not differ from placebo in discomfort at visit 5. (Clinical ophthalmology, 2015)
In diabetic mice, Tβ4 improved the response time to heat compared with saline. (Journal of diabetes research, 2015)
In people with dry eye, discomfort scores after the test chamber were 27% lower with Tβ4 than with placebo. (Clinical ophthalmology, 2015)

Infections

11 results · 1 in people · 3 animal · 7 lab

In people with seborrheic dermatitis, the rhTβ4 gel moved scalp microbes toward a healthy mix. Microbial biotechnology, 2021

Top results

In people with seborrheic dermatitis, the rhTβ4 gel moved scalp microbes toward a healthy mix. (Microbial biotechnology, 2021)
In mice infected with a mouse coronavirus, recombinant human Tβ4 reduced tissue damage. (Mediators of inflammation, 2021)
In mice infected with a mouse coronavirus, recombinant human Tβ4 reduced virus replication. (Mediators of inflammation, 2021)

Immune system and inflammation

230 results · 90 animal · 140 lab

In mice with chemical corneal burns, thymosin beta‑4 reduced white blood cell entry into the cornea at 7 days compared with PBS. Experimental eye research, 2002

Top results

In mice with chemical corneal burns, thymosin beta‑4 reduced white blood cell entry into the cornea at 7 days compared with PBS. (Experimental eye research, 2002)
In mice, the oxidized form of thymosin beta4 strongly reduced paw swelling, which the native form did not do. (Nature medicine, 1999)
In mice, thymosin beta‑4 switched on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in thymus immune cells that had none. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1981)

All 835 thymosin beta-4 studies by area Open the Scientific page

Key thymosin beta-4 studies

Studies in people come first, then studies in animals and in the lab.

People
Thymosin beta 4 ophthalmic solution for dry eye: a randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase II clinical trial conducted using the controlled adverse environment (CAE™) model
Sosne et al. 2015 · Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 72 people · cited by 40
6 results
People
Recombinant human thymosin beta 4 improves ischemic cardiac dysfunction in mice and patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after reperfusion
Zhang et al. 2025 · Cardiovascular research · 96 people · cited by 5
12 results
People
The effect of thymosin treatment of venous ulcers
Guarnera et al. 2010 · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 73 people · cited by 20
3 results
People
A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers
Ruff et al. 2010 · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 40 people · cited by 41
5 results
People
A first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, single- and multiple-dose, phase I study of recombinant human thymosin β4 in healthy Chinese volunteers
Wang et al. 2021 · Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 30 people · cited by 12
8 results

All 835 Thymosin beta-4 (human) studies

Thymosin beta-4 clinical trials

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 13 trials of thymosin beta-4. 1 is active or planned, and 7 have posted results. PepBank does not show trial results.

Solid bars are dates that happened. Hatched bars are planned dates. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Dry Eye Syndrome: ARISE-3

Phase 3completed700 people

Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Dry Eye Syndrome : ARISE-2

Phase 3completed601 people

Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy Study of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Neurotrophic Keratopathy : SEER-1

Phase 3terminated18 planned

All 7 Thymosin beta-4 (human) trials

Status and safety

Is thymosin beta-4 approved?

FDA

United States

Not approved

No approved medicine contains it.

EMA

European Union

Not approved

No approved medicine contains it.

WADA

Sport

Banned

On the 2026 Prohibited List, section S2.

No. Not approved for any use. Its most advanced trial is in phase 3. The FDA, the EMA and the other sources we use show no approval (as of 8 Oct 2026). Banned in sport (WADA S2).

Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Thymosin beta-4 side effects and safety

PepBank has 12 safety results from studies of thymosin beta-4. 8 of them come from studies in people.

Safety results from studies (12)

In people with venous ulcers, thymosin beta‑4 applied to the skin at all doses had a safety profile comparable to placebo. (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010)
In people with dry eye, no side effects were seen with Tβ4 eye drops. (Clinical ophthalmology, 2015)
In healthy volunteers, side effects of intravenous thymosin beta‑4 were infrequent and mild or moderate. (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010)
In healthy people, side effects after recombinant thymosin β4 were mild to moderate. (Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2021)
In healthy volunteers, intravenous thymosin beta‑4 caused no dose limiting toxicity and no serious side effects. (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010)
In healthy volunteers, intravenous thymosin beta‑4 for one dose or 14 days was well tolerated. (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010)
In healthy people, recombinant thymosin β4 caused no dose-limiting toxicities. (Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2021)
In healthy people, recombinant thymosin β4 caused no serious side effects. (Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2021)
In aged rats with stroke, the same number of deaths occurred in the control and thymosin beta‑4 groups. (Neuroscience letters, 2017)
In pigs, no side effects were reported in the study. (Digestive diseases, 2019)
In lab tests, high doses of Tβ4 narrowed mesentery arteries. (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2016)
In lab tests, high doses of Tβ4 widened coronary arteries. (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2016)

See every safety result on the Scientific page

Doses studied (40 shown)

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design	Source
0.1%	Human	human	topical ophthalmic	28 days	Randomized trial in people · n = 72	Sosne 2015
42, 140, 420 or 1260 mg	Human	human	intravenous	single dose and 14 days daily	Randomized trial in people · n = 40	Ruff 2010
0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 μg/kg daily	Human	human	intravenous	10 days	Randomized trial in people · n = 30	Wang 2021
0.1%	Human	human	eye drops	28 days	Randomized trial in people · n = 9	Sosne 2015
0.03%	Human	human	topical	Not reported	Randomized trial in people	Guarnera 2010
0.05-25.0 μg/kg single dose; 0.5-5.0 μg/kg daily	Human	human	intravenous	single dose or 10 days	Randomized trial in people	Wang 2021
0.05-25.0 μg/kg single dose	Human	human	intravenous	single dose	Randomized trial in people	Wang 2021
0.5 mg/ml gel	Human	human	Not reported	4 weeks	Trial in people without random groups · n = 71	Yu 2021
2, 6 and 18 microg every 12 hours	Animal	rat	topical	4 days	Study in live animals · n = 60	Li 2008
5 mg/kg once or twice per day	Animal	rat	intraperitoneal	Not reported	Study in live animals · n = 45	Lin 2015
5 mg/kg twice per day	Animal	rat	intraperitoneal	Not reported	Study in live animals · n = 45	Lin 2015
2 microg every 12 hours	Animal	rat	topical	2 days	Study in live animals · n = 30	Li 2008
6 microg every 12 hours	Animal	rat	topical	2 days	Study in live animals · n = 30	Li 2008
18 microg every 12 hours	Animal	rat	topical	2 days	Study in live animals · n = 30	Li 2008
12 mg/kg	Animal	rat	Not reported	first dose 24 h after MCAo, then every 3 days for 4 additional doses	Study in live animals · n = 23	Morris 2017
6 mg/kg	Animal	mouse	Not reported	five doses, every 3 days	Study in live animals · n = 21	Zhang 2009
6 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intraperitoneal	first dose 24 h after MCAo, then every 3 days for four additional doses; assessed to 56 days	Study in live animals · n = 18	Morris 2010
2 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intraperitoneal	5 doses: 24 h after MCAo, then every 3 days	Study in live animals · n = 10	Morris 2014
12 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intraperitoneal	5 doses: 24 h after MCAo, then every 3 days	Study in live animals · n = 10	Morris 2014
18 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intraperitoneal	5 doses: 24 h after MCAo, then every 3 days	Study in live animals · n = 10	Morris 2014
15 mg	Animal	pig	retroinfusion into the anterior interventricular vein	Not reported	Study in live animals · n = 9	Hinkel 2008
0.1% and 0.5%	Animal	mouse	Not reported	12 days	Study in live animals · n = 5	Sosne 2015
0.1% two to four times per day	Animal	mouse	Not reported	12 days	Study in live animals · n = 5	Sosne 2015
5 microg twice daily	Animal	mouse	topical	Not reported	Study in live animals	Sosne 2002
6 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intraperitoneal	three doses, at 6, 24 and 48 hours postinjury	Study in live animals	Xiong 2012
30 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intraperitoneal	three doses, at 6, 24 and 48 hours postinjury	Study in live animals	Xiong 2012
1 mg/kg	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	1 week	Study in live animals	Shah 2018
400 micrograms	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	Not reported	Study in live animals	Mora 1997
1.6 mg/kg/day	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal via osmotic minipump	7 days	Study in live animals	Peng 2014
100 microg on days 2, 3 and 4	Animal	rat	Not reported	Treatment on days 2, 3 and 4; assessed on day 14	Study in live animals	Ehrlich 2010
6 mg/kg	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	day of bleomycin treatment and two additional doses; analysis after 1 week	Study in live animals	Conte 2013
150 microg twice a week	Animal	mouse	Not reported	6 months	Study in live animals	Spurney 2010
5 mg/kg	Animal	mouse	intradermal	2 weeks	Study in live animals	Kim 2014
6 mg/kg	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	3 doses, tissue collected one week later	Study in live animals	Conte 2014
100 ng/10 g once a day	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	12 weeks	Study in live animals	Zhu 2015
6 mg/kg	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	Not reported	Study in live animals	Brady 2014
100ng/10g body weight	Animal	mouse	intraperitoneal	12 weeks	Study in live animals	Zhu 2012
0.05% and 0.1%	Animal	mouse	topical eye drops	Not reported	Study in live animals	Zhai 2022
10 mg/kg	Animal	rat	intravenous	Not reported	Study in live animals	Yaman 2019
0.1%	Animal	mouse	topical eye drops	Not reported	Study in live animals	Jin 2020

Questions and more

Ask a question about thymosin beta-4

The answer links to every study it uses.

What does the evidence say about thymosin beta-4?Is thymosin beta-4 tested in people?Compare with BPC-157 Compare with Cibinetide (ARA-290)

Sources

Database: PepBank data for thymosin beta-4 (data version 308560)
Regulator: FDA status record
Regulator: EMA status record
Regulator: WADA status record
Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

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Thymosin beta-4 (human)

Not approvedBanned in sport

Also known as TMSB4X, Tβ4, GBT-201, RGN-137, RGN-259, RGN-352 and 5 more

What it is

Natural peptide, 43 amino acids

Approval

Not approved for any use

In sport

Banned in sport (WADA S2)

Studies

835 studies with results. 313 of them gave thymosin beta-4, with 1,449 results.
32 in people547 in animals868 in lab cells2 from computer models

Best study in people

Randomized controlled trial with 72 people (2015)

Clinical trials

13 registered: 1 active or planned, 7 with posted results

Dose as reported

Class

Species

Route

Duration

Design

Source

0.1%

Human

human

topical ophthalmic

28 days

Randomized trial in people · n = 72

Sosne 2015

42, 140, 420 or 1260 mg

Human

human

intravenous

single dose and 14 days daily

Randomized trial in people · n = 40

Ruff 2010

0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 μg/kg daily

Human

human

intravenous

10 days

Randomized trial in people · n = 30

Wang 2021

0.1%

Human

human

eye drops

28 days

Randomized trial in people · n = 9

Sosne 2015

0.03%

Human

human

topical

Not reported

Randomized trial in people

Guarnera 2010

0.05-25.0 μg/kg single dose; 0.5-5.0 μg/kg daily

Human

human

intravenous

single dose or 10 days

Randomized trial in people

Wang 2021

0.05-25.0 μg/kg single dose

Human

human

intravenous

single dose

Randomized trial in people

Wang 2021

0.5 mg/ml gel

Human

human

Not reported

4 weeks

Trial in people without random groups · n = 71

Yu 2021

2, 6 and 18 microg every 12 hours

Animal

rat

topical

4 days

Study in live animals · n = 60

Li 2008

5 mg/kg once or twice per day

Animal

rat

intraperitoneal

Not reported

Study in live animals · n = 45

Lin 2015

5 mg/kg twice per day

Animal

rat

intraperitoneal

Not reported

Study in live animals · n = 45

Lin 2015

2 microg every 12 hours

Animal

rat

topical

2 days

Study in live animals · n = 30

Li 2008

6 microg every 12 hours

Animal

rat

topical

2 days

Study in live animals · n = 30

Li 2008

18 microg every 12 hours

Animal

rat

topical

2 days

Study in live animals · n = 30

Li 2008

12 mg/kg

Animal

rat

Not reported

first dose 24 h after MCAo, then every 3 days for 4 additional doses

Study in live animals · n = 23

Morris 2017

6 mg/kg

Animal

mouse

Not reported

five doses, every 3 days

Study in live animals · n = 21

Zhang 2009

6 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intraperitoneal

first dose 24 h after MCAo, then every 3 days for four additional doses; assessed to 56 days

Study in live animals · n = 18

Morris 2010

2 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intraperitoneal

5 doses: 24 h after MCAo, then every 3 days

Study in live animals · n = 10

Morris 2014

12 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intraperitoneal

5 doses: 24 h after MCAo, then every 3 days

Study in live animals · n = 10

Morris 2014

18 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intraperitoneal

5 doses: 24 h after MCAo, then every 3 days

Study in live animals · n = 10

Morris 2014

15 mg

Animal

pig

retroinfusion into the anterior interventricular vein

Not reported

Study in live animals · n = 9

Hinkel 2008

0.1% and 0.5%

Animal

mouse

Not reported

12 days

Study in live animals · n = 5

Sosne 2015

0.1% two to four times per day

Animal

mouse

Not reported

12 days

Study in live animals · n = 5

Sosne 2015

5 microg twice daily

Animal

mouse

topical

Not reported

Study in live animals

Sosne 2002

6 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intraperitoneal

three doses, at 6, 24 and 48 hours postinjury

Study in live animals

Xiong 2012

30 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intraperitoneal

three doses, at 6, 24 and 48 hours postinjury

Study in live animals

Xiong 2012

1 mg/kg

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

1 week

Study in live animals

Shah 2018

400 micrograms

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

Not reported

Study in live animals

Mora 1997

1.6 mg/kg/day

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal via osmotic minipump

7 days

Study in live animals

Peng 2014

100 microg on days 2, 3 and 4

Animal

rat

Not reported

Treatment on days 2, 3 and 4; assessed on day 14

Study in live animals

Ehrlich 2010

6 mg/kg

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

day of bleomycin treatment and two additional doses; analysis after 1 week

Study in live animals

Conte 2013

150 microg twice a week

Animal

mouse

Not reported

6 months

Study in live animals

Spurney 2010

5 mg/kg

Animal

mouse

intradermal

2 weeks

Study in live animals

Kim 2014

6 mg/kg

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

3 doses, tissue collected one week later

Study in live animals

Conte 2014

100 ng/10 g once a day

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

12 weeks

Study in live animals

Zhu 2015

6 mg/kg

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

Not reported

Study in live animals

Brady 2014

100ng/10g body weight

Animal

mouse

intraperitoneal

12 weeks

Study in live animals

Zhu 2012

0.05% and 0.1%

Animal

mouse

topical eye drops

Not reported

Study in live animals

Zhai 2022

10 mg/kg

Animal

rat

intravenous

Not reported

Study in live animals

Yaman 2019

0.1%

Animal

mouse

topical eye drops

Not reported

Study in live animals

Jin 2020

Thymosin beta-4 (human)

Thymosin beta-4 (human) at a glance

What is thymosin beta-4?

The history of thymosin beta-4

Thymosin beta-4 (human) structure and chemistry

What thymosin beta-4 studies show

Skin, hair and wounds

Eyes

Heart and blood vessels

Pain

Infections

Immune system and inflammation

Key thymosin beta-4 studies

Thymosin beta-4 clinical trials

Is thymosin beta-4 approved?

Thymosin beta-4 side effects and safety

Ask a question about thymosin beta-4

Related peptides

Sources

Thymosin beta-4 (human)

Thymosin beta-4 (human) at a glance

What is thymosin beta-4?

The history of thymosin beta-4

Thymosin beta-4 (human) structure and chemistry

What thymosin beta-4 studies show

Skin, hair and wounds

Eyes

Heart and blood vessels

Pain

Infections

Immune system and inflammation

Key thymosin beta-4 studies

Thymosin beta-4 clinical trials

Is thymosin beta-4 approved?

Thymosin beta-4 side effects and safety

Ask a question about thymosin beta-4

Related peptides

Sources