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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2012

7 results

Neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of thymosin β4 treatment initiated 6 hours after traumatic brain injury in rats.

Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Mahmood A, Meng Y, Zhang ZG, Morris DC, Chopp M

Journal of neurosurgery10 Feb 2012Cited by 54 (Europe PMC)

PMID22324420 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC3392183 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3171/2012.1.jns111729 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-22324420
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

7 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with traumatic brain injury, Tβ4 started 6 hours after injury significantly improved sensorimotor functional recovery compared with saline.

    In plain wordsIn rats with brain injury, Tβ4 improved movement and sensation recovery more than saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSensorimotor functional recovery
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    6 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · three doses, at 6, 24 and 48 hours postinjuryAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with saline administration, Tβ4 treatment initiated 6 hours postinjury significantly improved sensorimotor functional recovery and spatial learning, reduced cortical lesion volume and hippocampal cell loss, and enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the injured hippocampus.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical impact over the left parietal cortex in young adult male Wistar rats.
    Summary · context
    The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) saline group (n = 7); 2) 6 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8); and 3) 30 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8).
    Summary · context
    Thymosin β4 or saline was administered intraperitoneally starting at 6 hours postinjury and again at 24 and 48 hours.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with traumatic brain injury, Tβ4 started 6 hours after injury significantly improved spatial learning compared with saline.

    In plain wordsIn rats with brain injury, Tβ4 improved learning of locations more than saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSpatial learning
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    6 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · three doses, at 6, 24 and 48 hours postinjuryAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with saline administration, Tβ4 treatment initiated 6 hours postinjury significantly improved sensorimotor functional recovery and spatial learning, reduced cortical lesion volume and hippocampal cell loss, and enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the injured hippocampus.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical impact over the left parietal cortex in young adult male Wistar rats.
    Summary · context
    The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) saline group (n = 7); 2) 6 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8); and 3) 30 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8).
    Summary · context
    Thymosin β4 or saline was administered intraperitoneally starting at 6 hours postinjury and again at 24 and 48 hours.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with traumatic brain injury, Tβ4 started 6 hours after injury reduced cortical lesion volume compared with saline.

    In plain wordsIn rats with brain injury, Tβ4 reduced the size of the damaged brain area more than saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCortical lesion volume
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    6 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · three doses, at 6, 24 and 48 hours postinjuryAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with saline administration, Tβ4 treatment initiated 6 hours postinjury significantly improved sensorimotor functional recovery and spatial learning, reduced cortical lesion volume and hippocampal cell loss, and enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the injured hippocampus.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical impact over the left parietal cortex in young adult male Wistar rats.
    Summary · context
    The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) saline group (n = 7); 2) 6 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8); and 3) 30 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8).
    Summary · context
    Thymosin β4 or saline was administered intraperitoneally starting at 6 hours postinjury and again at 24 and 48 hours.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with traumatic brain injury, Tβ4 started 6 hours after injury reduced hippocampal cell loss compared with saline.

    In plain wordsIn rats with brain injury, Tβ4 reduced loss of memory-area brain cells more than saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHippocampal cell loss
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    6 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · three doses, at 6, 24 and 48 hours postinjuryAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with saline administration, Tβ4 treatment initiated 6 hours postinjury significantly improved sensorimotor functional recovery and spatial learning, reduced cortical lesion volume and hippocampal cell loss, and enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the injured hippocampus.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical impact over the left parietal cortex in young adult male Wistar rats.
    Summary · context
    The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) saline group (n = 7); 2) 6 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8); and 3) 30 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8).
    Summary · context
    Thymosin β4 or saline was administered intraperitoneally starting at 6 hours postinjury and again at 24 and 48 hours.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats with traumatic brain injury, Tβ4 started 6 hours after injury enhanced cell proliferation in the injured hippocampus compared with saline.

    In plain wordsIn rats with brain injury, Tβ4 increased cell multiplication in the damaged memory area more than saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCell proliferation in the injured hippocampus
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    6 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · three doses, at 6, 24 and 48 hours postinjuryAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with saline administration, Tβ4 treatment initiated 6 hours postinjury significantly improved sensorimotor functional recovery and spatial learning, reduced cortical lesion volume and hippocampal cell loss, and enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the injured hippocampus.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical impact over the left parietal cortex in young adult male Wistar rats.
    Summary · context
    The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) saline group (n = 7); 2) 6 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8); and 3) 30 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8).
    Summary · context
    Thymosin β4 or saline was administered intraperitoneally starting at 6 hours postinjury and again at 24 and 48 hours.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats with traumatic brain injury, Tβ4 started 6 hours after injury enhanced neurogenesis in the injured hippocampus compared with saline.

    In plain wordsIn rats with brain injury, Tβ4 increased new neuron formation in the damaged memory area more than saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseNeurogenesis in the injured hippocampus
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    6 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · three doses, at 6, 24 and 48 hours postinjuryAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with saline administration, Tβ4 treatment initiated 6 hours postinjury significantly improved sensorimotor functional recovery and spatial learning, reduced cortical lesion volume and hippocampal cell loss, and enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the injured hippocampus.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical impact over the left parietal cortex in young adult male Wistar rats.
    Summary · context
    The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) saline group (n = 7); 2) 6 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8); and 3) 30 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8).
    Summary · context
    Thymosin β4 or saline was administered intraperitoneally starting at 6 hours postinjury and again at 24 and 48 hours.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with traumatic brain injury, the high dose of Tβ4 showed better beneficial effects than the low dose.

    In plain wordsIn rats with brain injury, the high Tβ4 dose worked better than the low Tβ4 dose.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseHigh dose versus low dose Tβ4
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury
    Comparator
    6 mg/kg Tβ4
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    30 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · three doses, at 6, 24 and 48 hours postinjuryAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The high dose of Tβ4 showed better beneficial effects compared with the low-dose treatment.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical impact over the left parietal cortex in young adult male Wistar rats.
    Summary · context
    The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) saline group (n = 7); 2) 6 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8); and 3) 30 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8).
    Summary · context
    Thymosin β4 or saline was administered intraperitoneally starting at 6 hours postinjury and again at 24 and 48 hours.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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