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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2015

11 results

Therapeutic Benefit of Extended Thymosin β4 Treatment Is Independent of Blood Glucose Level in Mice with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

Wang L, Chopp M, Jia L, Lu X, Szalad A, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhang ZG

Journal of diabetes research7 Apr 2015Cited by 19 (Europe PMC)

PMID25945352 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4405294 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1155/2015/173656 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-25945352
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Summary

Peripheral neuropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were treated with Tβ4 or saline for 16 consecutive weeks. Treatment of diabetic mice with Tβ4 significantly improved motor (MCV) and sensory (SCV) conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve and the thermal and mechanical latency. However, Tβ4 treatment did not significantly alter blood glucose levels. Treatment with Tβ4 significantly increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Furthermore, Tβ4 counteracted the diabetes-induced axon diameter and myelin thickness reductions and the g-ratio increase in sciatic nerve. In vitro, compared with dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons derived from nondiabetic mice, DRG neurons derived from diabetic mice exhibited significantly decreased neurite outgrowth, whereas Tβ4 promoted neurite growth in these diabetic DRG neurons. Blockage of the Ang1/Tie2 signaling pathway with a neutralized antibody against Tie2 abolished Tβ4-increased neurite outgrowth. Our data demonstrate that extended Tβ4 treatment ameliorates diabetic-induced axonal degeneration and demyelination, which likely contribute to therapeutic effect of Tβ4 on diabetic neuropathy. The Ang1/Tie2 pathway may mediate Tβ4-induced axonal remodeling.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study11

11 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic db/db mice, 16 weeks of Tβ4 improved motor conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve versus saline.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 improved motor nerve signal speed compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMotor conduction velocity in sciatic nerve
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    db/db diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment of diabetic mice with Tβ4 significantly improved motor (MCV) and sensory (SCV) conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve and the thermal and mechanical latency.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were treated with Tβ4 or saline for 16 consecutive weeks.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic db/db mice, 16 weeks of Tβ4 improved sensory conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve versus saline.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 improved sensory nerve signal speed compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSensory conduction velocity in sciatic nerve
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    db/db diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment of diabetic mice with Tβ4 significantly improved motor (MCV) and sensory (SCV) conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve and the thermal and mechanical latency.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were treated with Tβ4 or saline for 16 consecutive weeks.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic db/db mice, 16 weeks of Tβ4 significantly improved thermal latency versus saline.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 improved the response time to heat compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedThermal latency
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    db/db diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment of diabetic mice with Tβ4 significantly improved motor (MCV) and sensory (SCV) conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve and the thermal and mechanical latency.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were treated with Tβ4 or saline for 16 consecutive weeks.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic db/db mice, 16 weeks of Tβ4 significantly improved mechanical latency versus saline.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 improved the response time to touch pressure compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedMechanical latency
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    db/db diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment of diabetic mice with Tβ4 significantly improved motor (MCV) and sensory (SCV) conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve and the thermal and mechanical latency.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were treated with Tβ4 or saline for 16 consecutive weeks.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 did not significantly change blood glucose levels.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 did not change blood glucose significantly compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    No significant changeBlood glucose
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    db/db diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, Tβ4 treatment did not significantly alter blood glucose levels.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were treated with Tβ4 or saline for 16 consecutive weeks.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 significantly increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 increased the density of nerve fibers in the skin compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseIntraepidermal nerve fiber density
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    db/db diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment with Tβ4 significantly increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were treated with Tβ4 or saline for 16 consecutive weeks.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 counteracted the diabetes-induced reduction of axon diameter in the sciatic nerve.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 worked against the loss of nerve axon width compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAxon diameter in sciatic nerve
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    db/db diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, Tβ4 counteracted the diabetes-induced axon diameter and myelin thickness reductions and the g-ratio increase in sciatic nerve.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were treated with Tβ4 or saline for 16 consecutive weeks.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 counteracted the diabetes-induced reduction of myelin thickness in the sciatic nerve.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 worked against the loss of nerve myelin thickness compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMyelin thickness in sciatic nerve
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    db/db diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, Tβ4 counteracted the diabetes-induced axon diameter and myelin thickness reductions and the g-ratio increase in sciatic nerve.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were treated with Tβ4 or saline for 16 consecutive weeks.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 counteracted the diabetes-induced increase of the g-ratio in the sciatic nerve.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 worked against a diabetes-linked rise in the nerve g-ratio compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Decreaseg-ratio in sciatic nerve
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    db/db diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, Tβ4 counteracted the diabetes-induced axon diameter and myelin thickness reductions and the g-ratio increase in sciatic nerve.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were treated with Tβ4 or saline for 16 consecutive weeks.
  10. 10LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In dorsal root ganglia neurons from diabetic mice, Tβ4 promoted neurite growth.

    In plain wordsIn cells from diabetic mice, Tβ4 promoted nerve fiber growth.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseNeurite outgrowth of diabetic DRG neurons
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    DRG neurons from diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Untreated diabetic DRG neurons
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    whereas Tβ4 promoted neurite growth in these diabetic DRG neurons.
  11. 11LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In diabetic mouse DRG neurons, blocking Tie2 with a neutralizing antibody abolished the Tβ4-increased neurite outgrowth.

    In plain wordsIn cells from diabetic mice, blocking Tie2 removed the nerve fiber growth caused by Tβ4.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseNeurite outgrowth with Tie2 blockade
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    DRG neurons from diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Tβ4 without Tie2 antibody
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Blockage of the Ang1/Tie2 signaling pathway with a neutralized antibody against Tie2 abolished Tβ4-increased neurite outgrowth.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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