Thymosin β4 attenuates early diabetic nephropathy in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Zhu J, Su LP, Zhou Y, Ye L, Lee KO, Ma JH

American journal of therapeutics1 Mar 2015Cited by 17 (Europe PMC)

PMID23846524DOI10.1097/mjt.0b013e3182785eccPepBankPUB-23846524

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In KK mice, Tβ4 reduced mean fasting blood glucose compared with saline-treated KK controls.
In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 lowered fasting blood glucose compared with saline-treated mice.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseFasting blood glucose
Study
mousen: not reported in source
KK Cg-Ay/J mice (type 2 diabetes model)
Comparator
Saline-treated KK control
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
100 ng/10 g once a day · intraperitoneal · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
The KK Tβ4 group had reduced the mean fasting blood glucose, 2-hour blood glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing, hemoglobin A1c, and triglyceride levels compared with that in the KK control group (P < 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
KK Cg-Ay/J (KK) mice, aged 12-14 weeks, were divided into the following groups: KK control group that was treated with saline; KK Tβ4 group that was treated with Tβ4 100 ng/10 g of intraperitoneal injection once a day.
Report a problemFND-2384652401
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In KK mice, Tβ4 reduced 2-hour blood glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing compared with saline-treated KK controls.
In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 lowered blood glucose in a glucose tolerance test compared with saline-treated mice.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Decrease2-hour blood glucose during oral glucose tolerance test
Study
mousen: not reported in source
KK Cg-Ay/J mice (type 2 diabetes model)
Comparator
Saline-treated KK control
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
100 ng/10 g once a day · intraperitoneal · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
The KK Tβ4 group had reduced the mean fasting blood glucose, 2-hour blood glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing, hemoglobin A1c, and triglyceride levels compared with that in the KK control group (P < 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
KK Cg-Ay/J (KK) mice, aged 12-14 weeks, were divided into the following groups: KK control group that was treated with saline; KK Tβ4 group that was treated with Tβ4 100 ng/10 g of intraperitoneal injection once a day.
Report a problemFND-2384652402
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In KK mice, Tβ4 reduced hemoglobin A1c compared with saline-treated KK controls.
In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 lowered hemoglobin A1c compared with saline-treated mice.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseHemoglobin A1c
Study
mousen: not reported in source
KK Cg-Ay/J mice (type 2 diabetes model)
Comparator
Saline-treated KK control
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
100 ng/10 g once a day · intraperitoneal · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
The KK Tβ4 group had reduced the mean fasting blood glucose, 2-hour blood glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing, hemoglobin A1c, and triglyceride levels compared with that in the KK control group (P < 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
KK Cg-Ay/J (KK) mice, aged 12-14 weeks, were divided into the following groups: KK control group that was treated with saline; KK Tβ4 group that was treated with Tβ4 100 ng/10 g of intraperitoneal injection once a day.
Report a problemFND-2384652403
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In KK mice, Tβ4 reduced triglyceride levels compared with saline-treated KK controls.
In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 lowered triglycerides compared with saline-treated mice.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTriglyceride
Study
mousen: not reported in source
KK Cg-Ay/J mice (type 2 diabetes model)
Comparator
Saline-treated KK control
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
100 ng/10 g once a day · intraperitoneal · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
The KK Tβ4 group had reduced the mean fasting blood glucose, 2-hour blood glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing, hemoglobin A1c, and triglyceride levels compared with that in the KK control group (P < 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
KK Cg-Ay/J (KK) mice, aged 12-14 weeks, were divided into the following groups: KK control group that was treated with saline; KK Tβ4 group that was treated with Tβ4 100 ng/10 g of intraperitoneal injection once a day.
Report a problemFND-2384652404
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In KK mice, Tβ4 markedly reduced the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio compared with saline-treated KK controls.
In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 clearly lowered the albumin to creatinine ratio in urine compared with saline-treated mice.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseUrinary albumin/creatinine ratio
Study
mousen: not reported in source
KK Cg-Ay/J mice (type 2 diabetes model)
Comparator
Saline-treated KK control
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Studied dose
100 ng/10 g once a day · intraperitoneal · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).
Measurements
Urinary ACR
328.54 mg/g
KK Tβ4
Urinary ACR
540.34 mg/g
KK control
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4 treatment markedly reduced ACR (KK Tβ4 = 328.54 ± 46.14 mg/g vs. KK control = 540.34 ± 50.31 mg/g, P < 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
KK Cg-Ay/J (KK) mice, aged 12-14 weeks, were divided into the following groups: KK control group that was treated with saline; KK Tβ4 group that was treated with Tβ4 100 ng/10 g of intraperitoneal injection once a day.
Report a problemFND-2384652405
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In KK mice, Tβ4 significantly ameliorated renal pathological changes compared with saline-treated KK controls.
In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, Tβ4 reduced kidney tissue damage compared with saline-treated mice.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseRenal pathological changes
Study
mousen: not reported in source
KK Cg-Ay/J mice (type 2 diabetes model)
Comparator
Saline-treated KK control
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Studied dose
100 ng/10 g once a day · intraperitoneal · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4 also significantly ameliorated renal pathological changes of KK Tβ4 mice as compared with that in KK control mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
KK Cg-Ay/J (KK) mice, aged 12-14 weeks, were divided into the following groups: KK control group that was treated with saline; KK Tβ4 group that was treated with Tβ4 100 ng/10 g of intraperitoneal injection once a day.
Report a problemFND-2384652406
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In nondiabetic C57BL mice, Tβ4 treatment did not affect glucose homeostasis.
In plain wordsIn healthy mice, Tβ4 did not change blood glucose control.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeGlucose homeostasis in nondiabetic mice
Study
mousen: not reported in source
C57BL nondiabetic mice
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
100 ng/10 g once a day · intraperitoneal · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4 treatment did not affect glucose homeostasis and urinary ACR and glomeruli of C57BL mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Nondiabetic age-matched C57BL mice were used as additional normal control and also treated with Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-2384652407
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In nondiabetic C57BL mice, Tβ4 treatment did not affect urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.
In plain wordsIn healthy mice, Tβ4 did not change the albumin to creatinine ratio in urine.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeUrinary albumin/creatinine ratio in nondiabetic mice
Study
mousen: not reported in source
C57BL nondiabetic mice
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Studied dose
100 ng/10 g once a day · intraperitoneal · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4 treatment did not affect glucose homeostasis and urinary ACR and glomeruli of C57BL mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Nondiabetic age-matched C57BL mice were used as additional normal control and also treated with Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-2384652408
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In nondiabetic C57BL mice, Tβ4 treatment did not affect glomeruli.
In plain wordsIn healthy mice, Tβ4 did not change the kidney filters.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeGlomeruli in nondiabetic mice
Study
mousen: not reported in source
C57BL nondiabetic mice
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Studied dose
100 ng/10 g once a day · intraperitoneal · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4 treatment did not affect glucose homeostasis and urinary ACR and glomeruli of C57BL mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Nondiabetic age-matched C57BL mice were used as additional normal control and also treated with Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-2384652409

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

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