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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2025

6 results

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Supplementation Improves Cuprizone-Induced Multiple Sclerosis-Related Behavioral Changes in C57BL/6J Mice.

Song S, Guo R, Guo J, Li B, Han Y, Zhang H, Guo L

Brain and behavior1 May 2025Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID40320991 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC12050637 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1002/brb3.70525 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-40320991
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Summary

ObjectiveTo investigate whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) supplementation can improve behavioral changes in a cuprizone-intoxicated mouse model.MethodsSix-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: two were fed 0.2% cuprizone chow (cuprizone and cuprizone + NAD+ groups), and the other group was fed normal rodent chow (control group) for 4 weeks. The mice in the cuprizone + NAD+ group received 250 mg/kg/day NAD+ intraperitoneally once a day, while the other mice were administered saline simultaneously. Behavioral tests for spatial memory (Morris water maze and Y maze), locomotor ability (grip test and rotarod test), depression-like behavior (open field test and tail suspension test), and exploratory behavior (open field test) were conducted.ResultsIn the probe test of the Morris water maze, the cuprizone group spent a significantly smaller proportion of time in the target quadrant than the control group did (16.32% vs. 31.66%, p = 0.006). However, supplementation with NAD+ increased the value (28.78% vs. 16.32%, p = 0.023). Similarly, in the Y maze test, the cuprizone group demonstrated a notably lower ratio of effective alterations compared to the control group (0.543 vs. 0.648, p < 0.001), and the cuprizone + NAD+ group presented an improved ratio compared with the cuprizone group (0.613 vs. 0.543, p = 0.021). Compared with the control group, cuprizone toxicity resulted in a decreased time to fall (169.10 vs. 247.60 s, p = 0.015) in the grip test, but NAD+ supplementation mitigated this effect (261.60 vs. 169.10 s, p = 0.003). There were no significant differences in the immobile time among groups in both the tail suspension test and the open field test, and there were also no significant differences in center distance in the open field test.ConclusionsDirect NAD+ supplementation improves the locomotor ability and spatial memory of cuprizone-intoxicated C57BL/6J mice. However, NAD+ supplementation does not show significant effects on depressive and exploratory behavior of experimental mice.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In cuprizone-intoxicated mice, NAD supplementation increased target quadrant time versus the cuprizone group.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to cuprizone, NAD increased time in the target quadrant compared with saline.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTarget quadrant time
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Cuprizone-intoxicated C57BL/6J mice
    Comparator
    Cuprizone group receiving saline
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    250 mg/kg/day · intraperitoneal · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Measurements

    Target quadrant time
    28.78%
    NAD
    Target quadrant time
    16.32%
    cuprizone

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, supplementation with NAD+ increased the value (28.78% vs. 16.32%, p = 0.023).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In the probe test of the Morris water maze, the cuprizone group spent a significantly smaller proportion of time in the target quadrant than the control group did (16.32% vs. 31.66%, p = 0.006).
    Summary · context
    Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: two were fed 0.2% cuprizone chow (cuprizone and cuprizone + NAD+ groups), and the other group was fed normal rodent chow (control group) for 4 weeks.
    Summary · context
    The mice in the cuprizone + NAD+ group received 250 mg/kg/day NAD+ intraperitoneally once a day, while the other mice were administered saline simultaneously.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In cuprizone-intoxicated mice, NAD increased the Y maze effective alternations ratio versus the cuprizone group.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to cuprizone, NAD improved Y maze alternations compared with saline.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    IncreaseEffective alternations ratio
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Cuprizone-intoxicated C57BL/6J mice
    Comparator
    Cuprizone group receiving saline
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    250 mg/kg/day · intraperitoneal · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and the cuprizone + NAD+ group presented an improved ratio compared with the cuprizone group (0.613 vs. 0.543, p = 0.021).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: two were fed 0.2% cuprizone chow (cuprizone and cuprizone + NAD+ groups), and the other group was fed normal rodent chow (control group) for 4 weeks.
    Summary · context
    The mice in the cuprizone + NAD+ group received 250 mg/kg/day NAD+ intraperitoneally once a day, while the other mice were administered saline simultaneously.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In cuprizone-intoxicated mice, NAD increased grip test time to fall versus the cuprizone group.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to cuprizone, NAD increased grip test endurance compared with saline.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    IncreaseGrip test time to fall
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Cuprizone-intoxicated C57BL/6J mice
    Comparator
    Cuprizone group receiving saline
    Outcome group
    Exercise and physical function · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    250 mg/kg/day · intraperitoneal · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with the control group, cuprizone toxicity resulted in a decreased time to fall (169.10 vs. 247.60 s, p = 0.015) in the grip test, but NAD+ supplementation mitigated this effect (261.60 vs. 169.10 s, p = 0.003).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: two were fed 0.2% cuprizone chow (cuprizone and cuprizone + NAD+ groups), and the other group was fed normal rodent chow (control group) for 4 weeks.
    Summary · context
    The mice in the cuprizone + NAD+ group received 250 mg/kg/day NAD+ intraperitoneally once a day, while the other mice were administered saline simultaneously.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice, tail suspension immobility time did not differ significantly among groups, including the NAD group.

    In plain wordsIn mice, tail suspension immobility did not differ significantly among NAD, cuprizone, and control groups.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    No significant changeTail suspension immobility time
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Cuprizone-intoxicated C57BL/6J mice
    Comparator
    All study groups
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    250 mg/kg/day · intraperitoneal · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There were no significant differences in the immobile time among groups in both the tail suspension test and the open field test, and there were also no significant differences in center distance in the open field test.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: two were fed 0.2% cuprizone chow (cuprizone and cuprizone + NAD+ groups), and the other group was fed normal rodent chow (control group) for 4 weeks.
    Summary · context
    The mice in the cuprizone + NAD+ group received 250 mg/kg/day NAD+ intraperitoneally once a day, while the other mice were administered saline simultaneously.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice, open field immobility time did not differ significantly among groups, including the NAD group.

    In plain wordsIn mice, open field immobility did not differ significantly among NAD, cuprizone, and control groups.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    No significant changeOpen field immobility time
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Cuprizone-intoxicated C57BL/6J mice
    Comparator
    All study groups
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    250 mg/kg/day · intraperitoneal · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There were no significant differences in the immobile time among groups in both the tail suspension test and the open field test, and there were also no significant differences in center distance in the open field test.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: two were fed 0.2% cuprizone chow (cuprizone and cuprizone + NAD+ groups), and the other group was fed normal rodent chow (control group) for 4 weeks.
    Summary · context
    The mice in the cuprizone + NAD+ group received 250 mg/kg/day NAD+ intraperitoneally once a day, while the other mice were administered saline simultaneously.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice, open field center distance did not differ significantly among groups, including the NAD group.

    In plain wordsIn mice, open field center distance did not differ significantly among NAD, cuprizone, and control groups.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    No significant changeOpen field center distance
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Cuprizone-intoxicated C57BL/6J mice
    Comparator
    All study groups
    Outcome group
    Exercise and physical function · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    250 mg/kg/day · intraperitoneal · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There were no significant differences in the immobile time among groups in both the tail suspension test and the open field test, and there were also no significant differences in center distance in the open field test.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: two were fed 0.2% cuprizone chow (cuprizone and cuprizone + NAD+ groups), and the other group was fed normal rodent chow (control group) for 4 weeks.
    Summary · context
    The mice in the cuprizone + NAD+ group received 250 mg/kg/day NAD+ intraperitoneally once a day, while the other mice were administered saline simultaneously.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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