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Study · Non-randomized trial · 2019

9 results

A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Human Plasma and Urine NAD+ Metabolome During a 6 Hour Intravenous Infusion of NAD.

Grant R, Berg J, Mestayer R, Braidy N, Bennett J, Broom S, Watson J

Frontiers in aging neuroscience12 Sept 2019Cited by 35 (Europe PMC)

PMID31572171 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC6751327 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3389/fnagi.2019.00257 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-31572171
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Summary

Accumulating evidence suggests that active maintenance of optimal levels of the essential pyridine nucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is beneficial in conditions of either increased NAD+ turnover or inadequate synthesis, including Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders and the aging process. While studies have documented the efficacy of some NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) in raising plasma NAD+, no data are currently available on the fate of directly infused NAD+ in a human cohort. This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion. Surprisingly, no change in plasma (NAD+) or metabolites [nicotinamide, methylnicotinamide, adenosine phosphoribose ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)] were observed until after 2 h. Increased urinary excretion of methylnicotinamide and NAD+ were detected at 6 h, however, no significant rise in urinary nicotinamide was observed. This study revealed for the first time that: (i) at an infusion rate of 3 μmol/min NAD+ is rapidly and completely removed from the plasma for at least the first 2 h; (ii) the profile of metabolites is consistent with NAD+ glycohydrolase and NAD+ pyrophosphatase activity; and (iii) urinary excretion products arising from an NAD+ infusion include NAD+ itself and methyl nicotinamide (meNAM) but not NAM.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. 9 results from people.

  1. 01HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In the human cohort, plasma NAD+ did not change until after 2 h of NAD+ infusion.

    In plain wordsDuring NAD+ infusion in people, plasma NAD+ did not change until after 2 h.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedPlasma NAD+ during initial infusion
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    3 μmol/min · intravenous · 6 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Surprisingly, no change in plasma (NAD+) or metabolites [nicotinamide, methylnicotinamide, adenosine phosphoribose ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)] were observed until after 2 h.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion.
  2. 02HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In the human cohort, plasma nicotinamide did not change until after 2 h of NAD+ infusion.

    In plain wordsDuring NAD+ infusion in people, plasma nicotinamide did not change until after 2 h.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedPlasma nicotinamide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    3 μmol/min · intravenous · 6 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Surprisingly, no change in plasma (NAD+) or metabolites [nicotinamide, methylnicotinamide, adenosine phosphoribose ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)] were observed until after 2 h.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion.
  3. 03HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In the human cohort, plasma methylnicotinamide did not change until after 2 h of NAD+ infusion.

    In plain wordsDuring NAD+ infusion in people, plasma methylnicotinamide did not change until after 2 h.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedPlasma methylnicotinamide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    3 μmol/min · intravenous · 6 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Surprisingly, no change in plasma (NAD+) or metabolites [nicotinamide, methylnicotinamide, adenosine phosphoribose ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)] were observed until after 2 h.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion.
  4. 04HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In the human cohort, plasma ADPR did not change until after 2 h of NAD+ infusion.

    In plain wordsDuring NAD+ infusion in people, plasma ADPR did not change until after 2 h.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedPlasma ADPR
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    3 μmol/min · intravenous · 6 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Surprisingly, no change in plasma (NAD+) or metabolites [nicotinamide, methylnicotinamide, adenosine phosphoribose ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)] were observed until after 2 h.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion.
  5. 05HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In the human cohort, plasma NMN did not change until after 2 h of NAD+ infusion.

    In plain wordsDuring NAD+ infusion in people, plasma NMN did not change until after 2 h.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedPlasma NMN
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    3 μmol/min · intravenous · 6 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Surprisingly, no change in plasma (NAD+) or metabolites [nicotinamide, methylnicotinamide, adenosine phosphoribose ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)] were observed until after 2 h.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion.
  6. 06HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In the human cohort, NAD+ infusion increased urinary methylnicotinamide excretion at 6 h.

    In plain wordsIn people, NAD+ infusion increased urinary methylnicotinamide excretion at 6 h.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    IncreaseUrinary methylnicotinamide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    3 μmol/min · intravenous · 6 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Increased urinary excretion of methylnicotinamide and NAD+ were detected at 6 h, however, no significant rise in urinary nicotinamide was observed.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion.
  7. 07HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In the human cohort, NAD+ infusion increased urinary NAD+ excretion at 6 h.

    In plain wordsIn people, NAD+ infusion increased urinary NAD+ excretion at 6 h.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    IncreaseUrinary NAD+
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    3 μmol/min · intravenous · 6 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Increased urinary excretion of methylnicotinamide and NAD+ were detected at 6 h, however, no significant rise in urinary nicotinamide was observed.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion.
  8. 08HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In the human cohort, NAD+ infusion did not significantly increase urinary nicotinamide.

    In plain wordsIn people, NAD+ infusion did not significantly increase urinary nicotinamide.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    No significant changeUrinary nicotinamide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    3 μmol/min · intravenous · 6 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Increased urinary excretion of methylnicotinamide and NAD+ were detected at 6 h, however, no significant rise in urinary nicotinamide was observed.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion.
  9. 09HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In the human cohort, the NAD+ infusion metabolite profile was consistent with NAD+ glycohydrolase and NAD+ pyrophosphatase activity.

    In plain wordsIn people, NAD+ infusion metabolites were consistent with NAD+ glycohydrolase and NAD+ pyrophosphatase activity.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    Not applicableMetabolite profile
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    3 μmol/min · intravenous · 6 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    (ii) the profile of metabolites is consistent with NAD+ glycohydrolase and NAD+ pyrophosphatase activity
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  2. Version 2

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  3. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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