Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment alleviates the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by activating autophagy and inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Wang X, Li B, Liu L, Zhang L, Ma T, Guo L

International immunopharmacology4 Dec 2020Cited by 34 (Europe PMC)

PMID33290962DOI10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107092PepBankPUB-33290962

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study17

16 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In EAE mice, NAD+ treatment alleviated demyelination.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced demyelination.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseDemyelination
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + alleviated demyelination, nerve injury, microglial activation and motor function abnormalities of EAE mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096201
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In EAE mice, NAD+ treatment alleviated nerve injury.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced nerve injury.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseNerve injury
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + alleviated demyelination, nerve injury, microglial activation and motor function abnormalities of EAE mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096202
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ treatment alleviated microglial activation.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced microglial activation.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseMicroglial activation
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + alleviated demyelination, nerve injury, microglial activation and motor function abnormalities of EAE mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096203
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In EAE mice, NAD+ treatment alleviated motor function abnormalities.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced motor function abnormalities.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseMotor function abnormalities
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Exercise and physical function · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + alleviated demyelination, nerve injury, microglial activation and motor function abnormalities of EAE mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096204
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ increased LC3-II/I expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ increased LC3-II/I expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseLC3-II/I expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, NAD + increased the expressions of the autophagy-related proteins LC3-II/I and Beclin 1, and reduced the expression of p62.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096205
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ increased Beclin 1 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ increased Beclin 1 expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseBeclin 1 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, NAD + increased the expressions of the autophagy-related proteins LC3-II/I and Beclin 1, and reduced the expression of p62.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096206
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ reduced p62 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced p62 expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
Decreasep62 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, NAD + increased the expressions of the autophagy-related proteins LC3-II/I and Beclin 1, and reduced the expression of p62.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096207
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ inhibited NLRP3 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced NLRP3 expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseNLRP3 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + also inhibited the expressions of NLRP3 and modulated the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, reduced the expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ and IL-17, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096208
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ modulated Th1 cell differentiation without a stated direction.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ changed Th1 cell differentiation, but the direction was not stated.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
Direction not reportedTh1 differentiation
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + also inhibited the expressions of NLRP3 and modulated the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, reduced the expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ and IL-17, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096209
10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ modulated Th17 cell differentiation without a stated direction.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ changed Th17 cell differentiation, but the direction was not stated.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
Direction not reportedTh17 differentiation
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + also inhibited the expressions of NLRP3 and modulated the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, reduced the expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ and IL-17, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096210
11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ reduced IL-1β expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced IL-1β expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseIL-1β expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + also inhibited the expressions of NLRP3 and modulated the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, reduced the expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ and IL-17, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096211
12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ reduced IL-2 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced IL-2 expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseIL-2 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + also inhibited the expressions of NLRP3 and modulated the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, reduced the expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ and IL-17, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096212
13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ reduced IL-18 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced IL-18 expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseIL-18 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + also inhibited the expressions of NLRP3 and modulated the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, reduced the expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ and IL-17, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096213
14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ reduced IFN-γ expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced IFN-γ expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseIFN-γ expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + also inhibited the expressions of NLRP3 and modulated the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, reduced the expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ and IL-17, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096214
15AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ reduced IL-17 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ reduced IL-17 expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseIL-17 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + also inhibited the expressions of NLRP3 and modulated the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, reduced the expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ and IL-17, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096215
16AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, NAD+ increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, NAD+ increased IL-10 expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseIL-10 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with NAD + also inhibited the expressions of NLRP3 and modulated the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, reduced the expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ and IL-17, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
Report a problemFND-3329096216

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

17AnimalNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EAE mice, cotreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA abolished the beneficial effects of NAD+.
In plain wordsIn mice with EAE, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA abolished the beneficial effects of NAD+.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseNAD+ benefits with autophagy inhibition
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Female C57BL/6 EAE mice
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Furthermore, the beneficial effects of NAD + were abolished by 3-MA cotreatment.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35-55 and disease severity analyzed by neurological function score and histological scores of spinal cord sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or luxol fast blue.
Summary · context
Outcomes were compared among control mice and EAE groups receiving daily post-immunization vehicle injections, NAD + injections, injection of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or co-injection of NAD + and 3-MA.
In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Report a problemFND-3329096217

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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