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Leuprolide / Studies
Synthetic analog · 9 amino acids · 1,209.4 Da

Leuprolide studies and research data

PepBank has 131 leuprolide studies with results. 130 of them gave leuprolide, with 707 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Searches 707 results and 1,827 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC

Results in people
631
89% of 707 results
Results in animals
71
10% of 707 results
Results in lab cells
5
under 1% of 707 results
From computer models
0
0% of 707 results
The molecule

Leuprolide identity

Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.

Leuprolide, also called leuprorelin, is a nine-residue GnRH agonist analog. Continuous exposure suppresses gonadotropins after an initial stimulatory phase. Formulation and indication determine its regimen.

Kind
Synthetic analog · 9 residues
Identifiers
ChEMBLCHEMBL1201199 (opens in a new tab)PubChem CID657181 (opens in a new tab)UNIIEFY6W0M8TG (opens in a new tab)DrugBankDB00007 (opens in a new tab)CAS53714-56-0
Parent
Analog of GonadorelinLeuprolide is an analog of gonadorelin (GnRH). It replaces Gly6 with D-Leu, omits Gly10, and has an N-ethylamide at Pro9. UniProt P01148 identifies the human gonadorelin precursor. It does not identify leuprolide itself.
Development
Approved in the US and EU (Leuprolide acetate for depot suspension, 2018)An approved medicinal product exists. Availability and other indications can differ. Source (opens in a new tab)

Targets

Molecular targets with action and evidence source
TargetActionEvidence
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorGNRHRP30968 (opens in a new tab)AgonistOfficial prescribing information, mechanism of actionSource (opens in a new tab)

Sequence and structure

Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.

Sequence

9 amino acids · 2 modifications

Residues 1 to 9:
HWSYLRP
  • HydrophobicA V I L M
  • AromaticF W Y
  • PositiveK R H
  • NegativeD E
  • PolarS T N Q
  • SpecialC G P
  • Modified residue

Modifications

Residue 1
Other modification
Pyro-Glu
Residue 6
D-amino acid
D-Leu

Alignment to Gonadorelin

Calculated from the two sequences. Curated notes are shown as given.

7 of 9 aligned residues identical (78%) · 1 substitution · 1 non-canonical residue · Gonadorelin 1–9

  • Top row: Gonadorelin (parent)
  • Bottom row: Leuprolide
HWSYLRP
  • Same as parent
  • Substituted
  • Non-canonical or D-form
  • Added
  • Gap
  • Modified side chain or end
  • Parent context

Differences from the parent

  1. 1Parent 1 · analog 1Xaa → Glu · SubstitutionPyro-Glu
  2. 2Parent 6 · analog 6Gly → D-Leu · D-amino acidD-Leu

Basis: Leuprolide is an analog of gonadorelin (GnRH). It replaces Gly6 with D-Leu, omits Gly10, and has an N-ethylamide at Pro9. UniProt P01148 identifies the human gonadorelin precursor. It does not identify leuprolide itself.

Calculated from the two sequences with @pepdb/chem alignToParent (ungapped unless a gap scores higher). The record’s curated notes are shown as given.

Properties

From identity sources

Formula
C59H84N16O12
Molecular weight
1,209.4 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
1,208.6455 Da

Calculated from the sequence

Some values cannot be calculated. A modification changes this value and is not modeled here (for example a lipid, metal or linker).

Average mass
Not calculated
Monoisotopic mass
Not calculated
Isoelectric point (pI)
Not calculated
Net charge at pH 7.4
Not calculated
GRAVY (hydropathy)
−0.911
Mean Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy · Kyte and Doolittle 1982
Negative: hydrophilic on average.
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (Cys reduced)
6,990 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹
5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam)
Instability index
40.11
Dipeptide instability weights (DIWV) · Guruprasad et al. 1990
Above 40: classed as possibly unstable (ExPASy).
Aliphatic index
86.7
Mole % A + 2.9 V + 3.9 (I + L) · Ikai 1980
Boman index
1.97 kcal/mol
Mean solubility value (negated) · Boman 2003
2.48 or below: lower protein-binding potential (Boman).
Hydrophobic moment (μH)
Not calculated
The sequence is too short for this method.
  • Not included: other modification. Mass, charge and pI are not calculated; use the identity-source values.
  • The N-terminal group is not modeled.
  • The C-terminal group is not modeled.
  • D-amino acids have the same mass and charge as L forms. Hydrophobicity scales were measured on L forms.
  • Defined and validated for proteins; use with care for short peptides.
  • Assumes an ideal alpha helix. Many short peptides are not helical.

@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses

Net charge by pH

No charge curve

A modification changes this value and is not modeled here (for example a lipid, metal or linker).

Composition

  • Hydrophobic22% (2)
  • Aromatic22% (2)
  • Positive22% (2)
  • Negative11% (1)
  • Polar11% (1)
  • Special11% (1)

9 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.

A Ala0 · 0%
I Ile0 · 0%
L Leu2 · 22%
M Met0 · 0%
V Val0 · 0%
F Phe0 · 0%
W Trp1 · 11%
Y Tyr1 · 11%
H His1 · 11%
K Lys0 · 0%
R Arg1 · 11%
D Asp0 · 0%
E Glu1 · 11%
N Asn0 · 0%
Q Gln0 · 0%
S Ser1 · 11%
T Thr0 · 0%
C Cys0 · 0%
G Gly0 · 0%
P Pro1 · 11%

3D structure

PredictedAlphaFold DB · P01148

Loads the 3D viewer (3Dmol.js, about 150 KB) and the model file from AlphaFold DB (EMBL-EBI).

  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

Predicted model of the whole UniProt entry P01148, not an experimental structure of Leuprolide.

AlphaFold DB, EMBL-EBI and Google DeepMind · CC BY 4.0

2D structure

Draws the structure in your browser with RDKit (about 2.3 MB, loaded once).

SMILES fromPubChem CID 657181(opens in a new tab)

CCNC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)NC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CN=CN5)NC(=O)[C@@H]6CCC(=O)N6
Results by area

What the studies measured

People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Trials and papers
Status and safety
Data