Synthetic fragment · 3 amino acids · 418.4 Da

Pinealon studies and research data

PepBank has 18 Pinealon studies with results. 12 of them gave Pinealon, with 36 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Searches 36 results and 31 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC

Results in people

8% of 36 results

Results in animals

58% of 36 results

Results in lab cells

33% of 36 results

From computer models

0% of 36 results

The molecule

Pinealon identity

Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.

Pinealon is the synthetic tripeptide Glu-Asp-Arg. The record represents the free peptide, not a tissue extract or capsule blend. No validated receptor target or clinical development phase is assigned. Human therapeutic approval was not established.

Kind: Synthetic fragment · 3 residues
Identifiers: PubChem CID10273502 (opens in a new tab)CAS175175-23-2
Development: No known clinical developmentNo clinical development phase established for this exact product.

Targets

No molecular target is recorded for this peptide.

Sequence and structure

Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.

Sequence

3 amino acids

H-

EDR

-OH

Properties

From identity sources

Formula: C₁₅H₂₆N₆O₈
Molecular weight: 418.4 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass: 418.1812 Da

PubChem CID 10273502(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-13

Calculated from the sequence

pKa set

Average mass: 418.41 Da; Sum of ExPASy residue masses + water · ExPASy Compute pI/Mw; FindMod
Monoisotopic mass: 418.1812 Da; Sum of ExPASy residue masses + water · ExPASy FindMod
Isoelectric point (pI): 4.18; pH of zero net charge, EMBOSS pKa set · EMBOSS iep, Epk.dat
Net charge at pH 7.4: −1.06; Henderson-Hasselbalch, EMBOSS pKa set · EMBOSS iep, Epk.dat
GRAVY (hydropathy): −3.833; Mean Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy · Kyte and Doolittle 1982; Negative: hydrophilic on average.
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (Cys reduced): 0 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam); No Trp or Tyr: absorbance at 280 nm cannot measure this peptide.
Instability index: 45.73; Dipeptide instability weights (DIWV) · Guruprasad et al. 1990; Above 40: classed as possibly unstable (ExPASy).
Aliphatic index: 0.0; Mole % A + 2.9 V + 3.9 (I + L) · Ikai 1980
Boman index: 10.15 kcal/mol; Mean solubility value (negated) · Boman 2003; Above 2.48: high protein-binding potential (Boman).
Hydrophobic moment (μH): Not calculated; The sequence is too short for this method.
pI with each pKa set: EMBOSS 4.18Bjellqvist (ExPASy) 4.37IPC peptide 4.12IPC protein 4.19

Defined and validated for proteins; use with care for short peptides.
Assumes an ideal alpha helix. Many short peptides are not helical.

@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses

Net charge by pH

pI 4.18 · Net charge at pH 7.4: −1.06

Point or use arrow keys

Henderson-Hasselbalch, EMBOSS pKa set. Calculated, not measured.

Show as table

pH	Net charge
0	2.00
1	2.00
2	1.96
3	1.61
4	0.28
5	−0.78
6	−0.98
7	−1.02
8	−1.20
9	−1.72
10	−1.96
11	−2.03
12	−2.24
13	−2.76
14	−2.97

Composition

Positive33% (1)R
Negative67% (2)D E

3 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.

A Ala0 · 0%

I Ile0 · 0%

L Leu0 · 0%

M Met0 · 0%

V Val0 · 0%

F Phe0 · 0%

W Trp0 · 0%

Y Tyr0 · 0%

H His0 · 0%

K Lys0 · 0%

R Arg1 · 33%

D Asp1 · 33%

E Glu1 · 33%

N Asn0 · 0%

Q Gln0 · 0%

S Ser0 · 0%

T Thr0 · 0%

C Cys0 · 0%

G Gly0 · 0%

P Pro0 · 0%

3D structure

No 3D structure

No experimental structure (PDB) and no UniProt entry for an AlphaFold model are listed for this peptide. Synthetic peptides often have neither. The sequence view above is the reference.

2D structure

Draws the structure in your browser with RDKit (about 2.3 MB, loaded once).

SMILES fromPubChem CID 10273502(opens in a new tab)

C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N)CN=C(N)N

Results by area

Pinealon results by year and outcome

Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Studies by year

18 of 31 studies have results (58%), published 2008 to 2024. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about Pinealon, by class. The rows use different scales.

Studies
Human
Animal
Lab
Computer model
Natural levels, tool or combination only

Studies31 in all, 1988 to 2026

Studies with results18 in all, 2008 to 2024

Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

What the studies measured

People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Pinealon studies on cells, genes and aging

8 results · people 2 · animals 2 · lab 4

Top 5 of 8 results

In patients with several illnesses, Pinealon showed a less visible effect on aging than Vesugen.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2015
In rats exposed to prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia, maternal Pinealon treatment reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation in isolated offspring cerebellar neurons.International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 2012
In cells, Pinealon reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation in stressed cerebellar granule cells in a dose-dependent manner.Rejuvenation research, 2011
In locomotive brigade workers, Pinealon improved biological age parameters.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2012
In rats under stress, Pinealon affected brain free radical processes less strongly than Cortexin.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2015

Pinealon studies on overall treatment results

1 result · people 1 · animals 0 · lab 0

1 result

In locomotive brigade workers, Pinealon improved indicators of adaptation.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2012

Pinealon studies on brain and nerves

13 results · people 0 · animals 10 · lab 3

Top 5 of 13 results

In rats exposed to prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia, maternal Pinealon treatment reduced necrotic cells among isolated offspring cerebellar neurons.International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 2012
In rats, Pinealon before carotid artery occlusion reduced motivational behavior.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2011
In cells, Pinealon reduced necrotic cell death measured with a dye test.Rejuvenation research, 2011
In rats with hypoxic hypoxia, the study suggested that Pinealon increased formation of neurons.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2014
In cells, Pinealon's reduction of cell death saturated at lower concentrations.Rejuvenation research, 2011

Pinealon studies on memory and thinking

4 results · people 0 · animals 4 · lab 0

Top 3 of 4 results

In rats exposed to prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia, maternal Pinealon treatment improved offspring spatial orientation.International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 2012
In rats, Pinealon improved maze learning more than Cortexin.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2013
In rats, Pinealon before carotid artery occlusion reduced position-finding behavior.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2011

Pinealon studies on receptors and cell signals

5 results · people 0 · animals 2 · lab 3

5 results

In rats with acute hypobaric hypoxia, Pinealon increased accumulation of an adrenergic mediator in the brain.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2015
In cells, Pinealon protection accompanied delayed activation of ERK proteins.Rejuvenation research, 2011
In lab tests with rat pineal tissue, Glu-Asp-Arg did not stimulate CGRP synthesis. Only Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly stimulated it.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2011
In rats with mild hypothermia, Pinealon increased serotonin accumulation in the brain cortex.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2015
In cells, Pinealon protection accompanied cell cycle changes that continued at higher concentrations.Rejuvenation research, 2011

Pinealon studies on daily life and fitness

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In rats, Pinealon before carotid artery occlusion reduced motor performance.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2011

Pinealon studies on immune system and inflammation

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In rats with hypoxic hypoxia, the study suggested that Pinealon reduced brain inflammation to a reference level.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2014

Pinealon studies on sleep

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In rats, Pinealon before carotid artery occlusion increased the behavior described as behavioral dream.Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 2011

Pinealon studies on chemistry and lab methods

2 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 2

2 results

In lab tests, Pinealon partly entered the major groove of DNA.The journal of physical chemistry. B, 2019
In lab tests, Pinealon affected DNA base atoms, mainly atoms in guanine.The journal of physical chemistry. B, 2019

Trials and papers

Pinealon trials

Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.

StatusPhase

0 trials match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

No trial matches these filters.

Papers

Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.

Sort

Design

31 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.

Showing 18 of 31 studiesquery qry_4b3880c87a93ad0be7977d78

Studies with results

18 studies in all, 14 on this page

Not a test of Pinealon alone · 2011

13 results

Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.

Fedoreyeva et al. 2011Biochemistry. Biokhimiiacited by 29

PMID 22117547DOI 10.1134/s0006297911110022PUB-22117547

Full text at the publisher7 results where Pinealon was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (13)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2012

4 results

Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia.

Arutjunyan et al. 2012International journal of clinical and experimental medicinecited by 15

PMID 22567179PMC3342713PUB-22567179

Rights unknown4 results where Pinealon was given

Source link See results (4)

Not a test of Pinealon alone · 2013

32 results

Interaction of short peptides with FITC-labeled wheat histones and their complexes with deoxyribooligonucleotides.

Fedoreyeva et al. 2013Biochemistry. Biokhimiiacited by 8

PMID 23581987DOI 10.1134/s0006297913020053PUB-23581987

Full text at the publisher8 results where Pinealon was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (32)

In vitro (cells) · 2011

8 results

Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes.

Khavinson et al. 2011Rejuvenation researchcited by 6

PMID 21978084DOI 10.1089/rej.2011.1172PUB-21978084

Full text at the publisher8 results where Pinealon was given

Publisher page See results (8)

Not a test of Pinealon alone · 2014

2 results

Short peptides stimulate serotonin expression in cells of brain cortex.

VKh et al. 2014Bulletin of experimental biology and medicinecited by 5

PMID 24909721DOI 10.1007/s10517-014-2496-yPUB-24909721

Full text at the publisher2 results where Pinealon was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (2)

In vitro (cells) · 2024

4 results

Short Peptides Protect Fibroblast-Derived Induced Neurons from Age-Related Changes.

Kraskovskaya et al. 2024International journal of molecular sciencescited by 4

PMID 39518916PMC11546785DOI 10.3390/ijms252111363PUB-39518916

CC BY1 result where Pinealon was given (plus 3 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Download PDF See results (4)

Not a test of Pinealon alone · 2012

5 results

[The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers].

Bashkireva et al. 2012Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologiicited by 3

PMID 23734521PUB-23734521

Full text at the publisher4 results where Pinealon was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (5)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2014

4 results

[Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon].

Mendzheritskiĭ et al. 2014Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologiicited by 3

PMID 25051764PUB-25051764

Full text at the publisher2 results where Pinealon was given

Publisher page See results (4)

In vitro (cell-free) · 2019

4 results

Role of Mono- and Divalent Ions in Peptide Glu-Asp-Arg-DNA Interaction.

Silanteva et al. 2019The journal of physical chemistry. Bcited by 3

PMID 30762356DOI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10359PUB-30762356

Full text at the publisher2 results where Pinealon was given (plus 2 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (4)

Not a test of Pinealon alone · 2008

10 results

[Biological activity of regulatory peptides in model experiments in vitro].

Kozina et al. 2008Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologiicited by 2

PMID 18546826PUB-18546826

Full text at the publisher5 results where Pinealon was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (10)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2011

9 results

[Effects of introduction of short peptides before carotid artery occlusion on behaviour and caspase-3 activity in the brain of old rats].

Mendzheritskiĭ et al. 2011Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologiicited by 1

PMID 21809624PUB-21809624

Full text at the publisher6 results where Pinealon was given (plus 1 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (9)

Ex vivo tissue · rat · 2011

2 results

Effect of short peptides on expression of signaling molecules in organotypic pineal cell culture.

VKh et al. 2011Bulletin of experimental biology and medicinecited by 1

PMID 22803060DOI 10.1007/s10517-011-1473-yPUB-22803060

Full text at the publisher1 result where Pinealon was given

Publisher page See results (2)

Non-randomized trial · 2015

10 results

[EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ON AGING OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC POLYMORBIDITY AND ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN REMISSION].

Meshchaninov et al. 2015Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologiin = 32cited by 1

PMID 26390612PUB-26390612

Full text at the publisher1 result where Pinealon was given (plus 6 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (10)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2013

5 results

[Effect of peptide geroprotectors on the navigation system learning and caspase-3 in brain structures in rats of different age].

Mendzheritski et al. 2013Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologiicited by 1

PMID 28976148PUB-28976148

Full text at the publisher1 result where Pinealon was given (plus 2 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (5)

More studies

6 studies in all, 4 on this page

Indexing hint: Animal study · 2017

Corrected

Tripeptides Restore the Number of Neuronal Spines under Conditions of In Vitro Modeled Alzheimer's Disease.

Kraskovskaya et al. 2017Bulletin of experimental biology and medicinecited by 12

PMID 28853087DOI 10.1007/s10517-017-3847-2PUB-28853087

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page Read the notice

PubMed tag: Comparative Study · 2008

Synthesis, nano-scale assembly, and in vivo anti-thrombotic activity of novel short peptides containing L-Arg and L-Asp or L-Glu.

Chen et al. 2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistrycited by 10

PMID 18495483DOI 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.064PUB-18495483

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Review · 2013

[Neuroprotective effects of peptides bioregulators in people of various age].

Umnov et al. 2013Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologiicited by 6

PMID 24738258PUB-24738258

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2020

EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Khavinson et al. 2020Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)cited by 6

PMID 33396470PMC7795577DOI 10.3390/molecules26010159PUB-33396470

CC BY

Download PDF

No result for Pinealon (7 studies on this page)

These studies name Pinealon but give no result for it (for example, the results concern another peptide in the study).

PubMed tag: Comparative Study · 1992

Isolation, cDNA cloning, and characterization of an 18-kDa hemagglutinin and amebocyte aggregation factor from Limulus polyphemus.

Fujii et al. 1992The Journal of biological chemistrycited by 33

PMID 1429596DOI 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41693-6PUB-01429596

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

Indexing hint: Animal study · 2020

Radiolabelling of lipid-based nanocarriers with fluorine-18 for in vivo tracking by PET.

Nagachinta et al. 2020Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfacescited by 20

PMID 31982792DOI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110793PUB-31982792

Rights unknown

Source link

PubMed tag: Comparative Study · 1988

Sequence of peptides from Saccharomyces cerevisiae glutamine synthetase. N-terminal peptide and ATP-binding domain.

Kim et al. 1988The Journal of biological chemistrycited by 12

PMID 2891705DOI 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)35430-4PUB-02891705

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

Indexing hint: In vitro study · 2015

Angiotensin II restricted analogs with biological activity in the erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum.

Torres et al. 2015Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Societycited by 11

PMID 25420772DOI 10.1002/psc.2714PUB-25420772

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

Indexing hint: Animal study · 2003

Gamma III-crystallin is the primary target of glycation in the bovine lens incubated under physiological conditions.

Yan et al. 2003The Biochemical journalcited by 8

PMID 12803541PMC1223633DOI 10.1042/bj20030542PUB-12803541

Rights unknown

Source link

PubMed tag: none · 2016

Short Peptides and Telomere Length Regulator Hormone Irisin.

VKh et al. 2016Bulletin of experimental biology and medicinecited by 3

PMID 26742748DOI 10.1007/s10517-016-3167-yPUB-26742748

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2026

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Rahman et al. 2026Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviewscited by 2

PMID 41490200PMC12753158DOI 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-25-00236PUB-41490200

Free to read · publisher termsCC BY-NC-ND

Read at source

Newer studies

PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.

Pinealon studies: 18 papers with results

Page 1 of 1

[EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ON AGING OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC POLYMORBIDITY AND ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN REMISSION].
Meshchaninov VN · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2015
Non-randomized trial · 10 results
[Analysis of some parameters of biological age and adaptation possibilities of workers of locomotive brigades].
Nazimko VA · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2012
Non-randomized trial · 2 results
Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia.
Arutjunyan A · International journal of clinical and experimental medicine · 2012
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
[Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon].
Mendzheritskiĭ AM · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2014
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
[Effect of peptide geroprotectors on the navigation system learning and caspase-3 in brain structures in rats of different age].
Mendzheritski AM · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2013
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 5 results
[Effects of introduction of short peptides before carotid artery occlusion on behaviour and caspase-3 activity in the brain of old rats].
Mendzheritskiĭ AM · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2011
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 9 results
[Pinealon and Cortexin influence on behavior and neurochemical processes in 18-month aged rats within hypoxia and hypothermia].
Mendzheritsky AM · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2015
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 8 results
[Investigation of antihypoxic properties of short peptides].
Kozina LS · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2008
Animal study (in vivo) · 6 results
Effect of short peptides on expression of signaling molecules in organotypic pineal cell culture.
Khavinson VKh · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2011
Ex vivo tissue · rat · 2 results
Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes.
Khavinson V · Rejuvenation research · 2011
In vitro (cells) · 8 results
Short Peptides Protect Fibroblast-Derived Induced Neurons from Age-Related Changes.
Kraskovskaya N · International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
In vitro (cells) · 4 results
Role of Mono- and Divalent Ions in Peptide Glu-Asp-Arg-DNA Interaction.
Silanteva IA · The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2019
In vitro (cell-free) · 4 results
Interaction of short peptides with FITC-labeled wheat histones and their complexes with deoxyribooligonucleotides.
Fedoreyeva LI · Biochemistry. Biokhimiia · 2013
Not a test of Pinealon alone · 32 results
Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.
Fedoreyeva LI · Biochemistry. Biokhimiia · 2011
Not a test of Pinealon alone · 13 results
[Biological activity of regulatory peptides in model experiments in vitro].
Kozina LS · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2008
Not a test of Pinealon alone · 10 results
[The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers].
Bashkireva AS · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2012
Not a test of Pinealon alone · 5 results
Short peptides stimulate serotonin expression in cells of brain cortex.
Khavinson VKh · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2014
Not a test of Pinealon alone · 2 results
[Comparative analysis of different methods of geroprotective].
Myakotnykh VS · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii · 2016
Not a test of Pinealon alone · 3 results

Status and safety

Regulatory and safety

Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction, with date and source
Jurisdiction	Body	Status	As of	Source
US	FDA	Drugs@FDA returned no matches for Pinealon as a brand or active ingredient, or Glu-Asp-Arg as an active ingredient.	13 Oct 2026	api.fda.gov (opens in a new tab)
EU	EMA	No matching active substance in the EMA central medicines data file. National authorisations are not covered.	13 Oct 2026	ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab)
Sport	WADA	Status unknown Pinealon, Glu-Asp-Arg and EDR are not named in the 2026 list.	2026 List	wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab)
Russia	Note	National medicine registration not established in this profile.	13 Oct 2026	Not recorded

Safety outcomes

Reported effects from study results.

No safety results from studies in people

The studies with results report no safety outcomes for this peptide. That does not mean it is safe.

Doses studied · 1

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

1 capsule containing 100 mkg of Pinealon 2 times a dayHuman
Species
human
Route
Not reported
Duration
two weeks
Design
Non-randomized trial

Doses studied in the study results, as given in the studies.
Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design	Source
1 capsule containing 100 mkg of Pinealon 2 times a day	Human	human	Not reported	two weeks	Non-randomized trial

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Data

Data and API

Data version, change history and code for this peptide.

Data version 30856030 Oct 2026

Peptide

Peptide id: PEP-000076
Peptide version: 5
Peptide hash: a5ddb91d7840c052…
Data version: 308560

Latest changes

27 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 256759
22 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 254563
21 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 213653
14 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 212216
14 Oct 2026CreatedData version 198213

For developers

curl -s https://pepbank.io/v1/briefs/pinealon

Evidence summary for Pinealon: counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.

Peptide as JSON Evidence summary as JSON

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Aging markersAging and longevity	Human: 2 results from 2 studies: 1 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial	No results	No results	No results	2
Overall treatment effectWhole body	Human: 1 result from 1 study: 1 not reported. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial	No results	No results	No results	1
NeuroprotectionWhole body	No results	Animal: 9 results from 5 studies: 6 increase, 2 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 2 studies: 2 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	12
Oxidative stressWhole body	No results	Animal: 2 results from 2 studies: 1 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 4 results from 1 study: 3 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	6
Receptor activity and mechanismWhole body	No results	Animal: 2 results from 1 study: 2 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 2 studies: 1 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	5
Cognition and memoryNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 4 results from 3 studies: 3 increase, 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	4
Peptide structure and chemistryPharmacology	No results	No results	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cell-free)	No results	2
Exercise and physical functionNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
Inflammation markersNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
Locomotor and behavioral activityNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
SleepSleep	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Aging markersAging and longevity	Human: 2 results from 2 studies: 1 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial	No results	No results	No results	2
Overall treatment effectWhole body	Human: 1 result from 1 study: 1 not reported. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial	No results	No results	No results	1
NeuroprotectionWhole body	No results	Animal: 9 results from 5 studies: 6 increase, 2 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 2 studies: 2 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	12
Oxidative stressWhole body	No results	Animal: 2 results from 2 studies: 1 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 4 results from 1 study: 3 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	6
Receptor activity and mechanismWhole body	No results	Animal: 2 results from 1 study: 2 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 2 studies: 1 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	5
Cognition and memoryNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 4 results from 3 studies: 3 increase, 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	4
Peptide structure and chemistryPharmacology	No results	No results	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cell-free)	No results	2
Exercise and physical functionNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
Inflammation markersNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
Locomotor and behavioral activityNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
SleepSleep	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1

Pinealon studies and research data

Pinealon identity

Targets

Sequence and structure

Sequence

Properties

Net charge by pH

Composition

3D structure

2D structure

Pinealon results by year and outcome

What the studies measured

Pinealon studies on cells, genes and aging

Pinealon studies on overall treatment results

Pinealon studies on brain and nerves

Pinealon studies on memory and thinking

Pinealon studies on receptors and cell signals

Pinealon studies on daily life and fitness

Pinealon studies on immune system and inflammation

Pinealon studies on sleep

Pinealon studies on chemistry and lab methods

Pinealon trials

Papers

Studies with results

Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.

Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia.

Interaction of short peptides with FITC-labeled wheat histones and their complexes with deoxyribooligonucleotides.

Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes.

Short peptides stimulate serotonin expression in cells of brain cortex.

Short Peptides Protect Fibroblast-Derived Induced Neurons from Age-Related Changes.

[The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers].

[Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon].

Role of Mono- and Divalent Ions in Peptide Glu-Asp-Arg-DNA Interaction.

[Biological activity of regulatory peptides in model experiments in vitro].

[Effects of introduction of short peptides before carotid artery occlusion on behaviour and caspase-3 activity in the brain of old rats].

Effect of short peptides on expression of signaling molecules in organotypic pineal cell culture.

[EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ON AGING OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC POLYMORBIDITY AND ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN REMISSION].

[Effect of peptide geroprotectors on the navigation system learning and caspase-3 in brain structures in rats of different age].

More studies

Tripeptides Restore the Number of Neuronal Spines under Conditions of In Vitro Modeled Alzheimer's Disease.

Synthesis, nano-scale assembly, and in vivo anti-thrombotic activity of novel short peptides containing L-Arg and L-Asp or L-Glu.

[Neuroprotective effects of peptides bioregulators in people of various age].

EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Isolation, cDNA cloning, and characterization of an 18-kDa hemagglutinin and amebocyte aggregation factor from Limulus polyphemus.

Radiolabelling of lipid-based nanocarriers with fluorine-18 for in vivo tracking by PET.

Sequence of peptides from Saccharomyces cerevisiae glutamine synthetase. N-terminal peptide and ATP-binding domain.

Angiotensin II restricted analogs with biological activity in the erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum.

Gamma III-crystallin is the primary target of glycation in the bovine lens incubated under physiological conditions.

Short Peptides and Telomere Length Regulator Hormone Irisin.

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Newer studies

Pinealon studies: 18 papers with results

Regulatory and safety

Doses studied · 1

Data and API

Peptide

Latest changes

For developers

Related peptides

Pinealon results by year and outcome

Pinealon studies on cells, genes and aging

Pinealon studies on overall treatment results

Pinealon studies on brain and nerves

Pinealon studies on memory and thinking

Pinealon studies on receptors and cell signals

Pinealon studies on daily life and fitness

Pinealon studies on immune system and inflammation

Pinealon studies on sleep

Pinealon studies on chemistry and lab methods

Pinealon trials

Papers

Studies with results

Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.

Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia.

Interaction of short peptides with FITC-labeled wheat histones and their complexes with deoxyribooligonucleotides.

Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes.

Short peptides stimulate serotonin expression in cells of brain cortex.

Short Peptides Protect Fibroblast-Derived Induced Neurons from Age-Related Changes.

[The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers].

[Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon].