Short Peptides Protect Fibroblast-Derived Induced Neurons from Age-Related Changes.

Kraskovskaya N, Linkova N, Sakhenberg E, Krieger D, Polyakova V, Medvedev D, Krasichkov A, Khotin M, Ryzhak G

International journal of molecular sciences22 Oct 2024Cited by 4 (Europe PMC)

PMID39518916PMCIDPMC11546785DOI10.3390/ijms252111363PepBankPUB-39518916

Summary

Neurons become more vulnerable to stress factors with age, which leads to increased oxidative DNA damage, decreased activity of mitochondria and lysosomes, increased levels of p16, decreased LaminB1 proteins, and the depletion of the dendritic tree. These changes are exacerbated in vulnerable neuronal populations during the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR) and Lys-Glu-Asp (KED), and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG) peptides have previously demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various models of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated the influence of EDR, KED, and AEDG peptides on the aging of fibroblast-derived induced neurons. We used a new in vitro cellular model of human neuronal aging based on the transdifferentiation of aged dermal fibroblasts from elderly donors into induced cortical neurons. All peptides promote the arborization of the dendritic tree, increasing both the number of primary processes and the total length of dendrites. Tripeptides have no effect on the activity of mitochondria and lysosomes and the level of p16 protein in induced neurons. EDR peptide reduces oxidative DNA damage in induced neurons derived from elderly donor fibroblasts. Short peptides partially protect induced neurons from age-related changes and stimulate dendritogenesis in neurons. They can be recommended for use as neuroprotective agents.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study4

1 result from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In induced neurons derived from elderly donor fibroblasts, EDR reduced oxidative DNA damage.
In plain wordsIn cells derived from elderly donor fibroblasts, EDR reduced oxidative DNA damage.
Peptide
Pinealon
Outcome
DecreaseOxidative DNA damage
Study
humann: not reported in source
Fibroblast-derived induced cortical neurons from elderly donors
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
EDR peptide reduces oxidative DNA damage in induced neurons derived from elderly donor fibroblasts.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we investigated the influence of EDR, KED, and AEDG peptides on the aging of fibroblast-derived induced neurons.
Summary · context
We used a new in vitro cellular model of human neuronal aging based on the transdifferentiation of aged dermal fibroblasts from elderly donors into induced cortical neurons.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3951891608

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Pinealon was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Pinealon.

02LabNot a test of Pinealon aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement
In induced neurons, tripeptides including EDR had no effect on mitochondrial activity.
In plain wordsIn cells, tripeptides including EDR did not change mitochondrial activity.
Peptide
Pinealon
Outcome
No significant changeMitochondrial activity
Study
humann: not reported in source
Fibroblast-derived induced cortical neurons from elderly donors
Outcome group
Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Tripeptides have no effect on the activity of mitochondria and lysosomes and the level of p16 protein in induced neurons.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we investigated the influence of EDR, KED, and AEDG peptides on the aging of fibroblast-derived induced neurons.
Summary · context
We used a new in vitro cellular model of human neuronal aging based on the transdifferentiation of aged dermal fibroblasts from elderly donors into induced cortical neurons.
In this study, Pinealon was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Pinealon.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3951891605
03LabNot a test of Pinealon aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement
In induced neurons, tripeptides including EDR had no effect on lysosomal activity.
In plain wordsIn cells, tripeptides including EDR did not change lysosomal activity.
Peptide
Pinealon
Outcome
No significant changeLysosomal activity
Study
humann: not reported in source
Fibroblast-derived induced cortical neurons from elderly donors
Outcome group
Aging markers · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Tripeptides have no effect on the activity of mitochondria and lysosomes and the level of p16 protein in induced neurons.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we investigated the influence of EDR, KED, and AEDG peptides on the aging of fibroblast-derived induced neurons.
Summary · context
We used a new in vitro cellular model of human neuronal aging based on the transdifferentiation of aged dermal fibroblasts from elderly donors into induced cortical neurons.
In this study, Pinealon was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Pinealon.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3951891606
04LabNot a test of Pinealon aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement
In induced neurons, tripeptides including EDR had no effect on p16 protein levels.
In plain wordsIn cells, tripeptides including EDR did not change p16 protein levels.
Peptide
Pinealon
Outcome
No significant changep16 protein level
Study
humann: not reported in source
Fibroblast-derived induced cortical neurons from elderly donors
Outcome group
Aging markers · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Tripeptides have no effect on the activity of mitochondria and lysosomes and the level of p16 protein in induced neurons.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we investigated the influence of EDR, KED, and AEDG peptides on the aging of fibroblast-derived induced neurons.
Summary · context
We used a new in vitro cellular model of human neuronal aging based on the transdifferentiation of aged dermal fibroblasts from elderly donors into induced cortical neurons.
In this study, Pinealon was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Pinealon.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3951891607

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 4 to 14Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:02 UTC
The same notice was added 11 times, first on 14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Version 3
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 2
10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.