Synthetic analog · 39 amino acids · 4,731.3 Da

Retatrutide studies and research data

PepBank has 63 retatrutide studies with results. 54 of them gave retatrutide, with 380 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Searches 380 results and 214 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC

Results in people

255

67% of 380 results

Results in animals

104

27% of 380 results

Results in lab cells

6% of 380 results

From computer models

0% of 380 results

The molecule

Retatrutide identity

Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.

Retatrutide (LY3437943) is a 39-residue synthetic peptide built on a GIP backbone. It has Aib at positions 2 and 20, alpha-methyl-L-leucine at 13, a C-terminal amide and Lys17 linked to a C20 fatty diacid through one AEEA unit and L-gamma-Glu (GSRS name, KEGG). It is an agonist at the GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors (Coskun et al. 2022). Eli Lilly is developing it; it is in phase 3 trials for obesity and related conditions, Lilly plans a US filing in Q1 2027, and it is not approved in the US or EU.

Kind: Synthetic analog · 39 residues
Identifiers: ChEMBLCHEMBL5095485 (opens in a new tab)CHEMBL5590721 (opens in a new tab)PubChem CID171934787 (opens in a new tab)171390338 (opens in a new tab)UNIINOP2Y096GV (opens in a new tab)DrugBankDB18993 (opens in a new tab)CAS2381089-83-2PDB8YW3 (opens in a new tab)8YW4 (opens in a new tab)8YW5 (opens in a new tab)8YWF (opens in a new tab)KEGGD12430 (opens in a new tab)IUPHAR13769 (opens in a new tab)
Parent: Analog of Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), humanSecondary literature describes retatrutide as a 39-residue peptide 'engineered from a GIP peptide backbone' (Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 2025, PMC12304053) and 'derived from a GIP backbone' (Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2026, PMC13578828). Substitutions are a direct alignment of residues 1-30 with human GIP(1-42) from UniProt P09681.
Development: Phase 3Eli Lilly and CompanyPhase 3 TRIUMPH program. Lilly reported positive topline results from TRIUMPH-2 (NCT05929079) and TRIUMPH-3 (NCT05882045) on 2026-07-23 and plans a US submission in Q1 2027. ClinicalTrials.gov lists 34 studies for query.intr=retatrutide OR LY3437943: 14 phase 3, 15 phase 1, 4 phase 2 and 1 expanded access record. Expanded access NCT07629401 (Lilly, single-patient pre-approval access for adults with refractory severe obesity) has status AVAILABLE. One phase 2 study, NCT07467447 (recruiting, Shenzhen, 300 planned), is sponsored by Hudson Biotech and not by Lilly. ChEMBL max_phase 3. Source (opens in a new tab)

Targets

Molecular targets with action and evidence source
Target	Action	Evidence
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptorGIPRP48546 (opens in a new tab)	Agonist	primary literatureSource (opens in a new tab)
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptorGLP1RP43220 (opens in a new tab)	Agonist	primary literatureSource (opens in a new tab)
Glucagon receptorGCGRP47871 (opens in a new tab)	Agonist	primary literatureSource (opens in a new tab)

Sequence and structure

Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.

Sequence

39 amino acids · 5 modifications

H-

YQGTFTSDY

SILDKAQ

AFIEYLLEGG

PSSGAPPPS

Alignment to Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)

Calculated from the two sequences. Curated notes are shown as given.

15 of 30 aligned residues identical (50%) · 12 substitutions · 3 non-canonical residues · 1 replaced segment · Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) 1–39

Top row: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) (parent)
Bottom row: Retatrutide

YGTFSDY

SIDKQ

FLL

PSSGAPPPS

Same as parent
Substituted
Non-canonical or D-form
Added
Gap
Modified side chain or end
Replaced segment
Parent context

Differences from the parent

1Parent 2 · analog 2Ala → Aib · Non-canonical residue2-methylalanine (Aib) per the GSRS systematic name.
2Parent 3 · analog 3Glu → Gln · Substitution
3Parent 7 · analog 7Ile → Thr · Substitution
4Parent 13 · analog 13Ala → alphaMeLeu · Non-canonical residue2-methyl-L-leucine per the GSRS systematic name. KEGG writes this residue as L in its one-letter sequence.
5Parent 14 · analog 14Met → Leu · Substitution
6Parent 17 · analog 17Ile → Lys · SubstitutionLys17 carries the C20 diacid side chain. N6 carries, from Lys outward: one AEEA unit ([2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]acetyl), L-gamma-Glu, then 19-carboxynonadecanoyl (C20 fatty diacid). From the GSRS systematic name.
7Parent 18 · analog 18His → Ala · Substitution
8Parent 20 · analog 20Gln → Aib · Non-canonical residue2-methylalanine (Aib) per the GSRS systematic name.
9Parent 21 · analog 21Asp → Ala · Substitution
10Parent 23 · analog 23Val → Ile · Substitution
11Parent 24 · analog 24Asn → Glu · Substitution
12Parent 25 · analog 25Trp → Tyr · Substitution
13Parent 28 · analog 28Ala → Glu · Substitution
14Parent 29 · analog 29Gln → Gly · Substitution
15Parent 30 · analog 30Lys → Gly · Substitution
16Parent 31–42 · analog 31–39GKKNDWKHNITQ → PSSGAPPPS · Segment replacedC-terminal segment differs; retatrutide has 39 residues and a C-terminal amide.

Basis: Secondary literature describes retatrutide as a 39-residue peptide 'engineered from a GIP peptide backbone' (Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 2025, PMC12304053) and 'derived from a GIP backbone' (Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2026, PMC13578828). Substitutions are a direct alignment of residues 1-30 with human GIP(1-42) from UniProt P09681.

Calculated from the two sequences with @pepdb/chem alignToParent (ungapped unless a gap scores higher). The record’s curated notes are shown as given.

Properties

From identity sources

Formula: C₂₂₁H₃₄₂N₄₆O₆₈
Molecular weight: 4,731.34 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass: 4,728.4718 Da

GSRS UNII NOP2Y096GV(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
GSRS UNII LQ42M82ZU6(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
PubChem CID 171934787(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
ChEMBL CHEMBL5095485(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
ChEMBL CHEMBL5590721(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
Curated KEGG D12430(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08

Calculated from the sequence

pKa set

Some values cannot be calculated. The sequence has a non-canonical residue (X). Residue tables cover only the 20 standard amino acids.

Average mass: Not calculated
Monoisotopic mass: Not calculated
Isoelectric point (pI): Not calculated
Net charge at pH 7.4: Not calculated
GRAVY (hydropathy): Not calculated
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (Cys reduced): 4,470 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam); No Trp: ExPASy reports more than 10 % error without Trp.
Instability index: Not calculated
Aliphatic index: Not calculated
Boman index: Not calculated
Hydrophobic moment (μH): Not calculated

3 non-canonical residues (X) are not included in calculated values.
Not included: lipid chain. Mass, charge and pI are not calculated; use the identity-source values.
Defined and validated for proteins; use with care for short peptides.
Assumes an ideal alpha helix. Many short peptides are not helical.

@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses

Net charge by pH

No charge curve

The sequence has a non-canonical residue (X). Residue tables cover only the 20 standard amino acids.

Composition

Hydrophobic21% (8)A I L
Aromatic13% (5)F Y
Positive5% (2)K
Negative10% (4)D E
Polar23% (9)Q S T
Special21% (8)G P
Non-canonical8% (3)X

39 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.

A Ala3 · 8%

I Ile2 · 5%

L Leu3 · 8%

M Met0 · 0%

V Val0 · 0%

F Phe2 · 5%

W Trp0 · 0%

Y Tyr3 · 8%

H His0 · 0%

K Lys2 · 5%

R Arg0 · 0%

D Asp2 · 5%

E Glu2 · 5%

N Asn0 · 0%

Q Gln2 · 5%

S Ser5 · 13%

T Thr2 · 5%

C Cys0 · 0%

G Gly4 · 10%

P Pro4 · 10%

X Xaa3 · 8%

3D structure

ExperimentalPDB 8YW3

Loads the 3D viewer (3Dmol.js, about 150 KB) and the model file from RCSB PDB.

2D structure

Retatrutide has 39 residues. A full-atom drawing is hard to read at this size; the sequence view is the reference.

SMILES fromPubChem CID 171934787(opens in a new tab)

CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC6=CC=CC=C6)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)C(C)(C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCNC(=O)COCCOCCNC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@](C)(CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC7=CC=C(C=C7)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC8=CC=CC=C8)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C)(C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC9=CC=C(C=C9)O)N

Helical wheel

An ideal alpha-helix projection. It shows where the hydrophobic residues fall if the peptide folds as a helix. It does not show that it does.

μH, residues shown: 0.097
μH, best 11-residue window: —
Arrow direction: 331°
Residues: 39 · 3 rings of 18 · 3 X not scored

HydrophilicHydrophobic

Eisenberg consensus (normalized) scale · + K, R · − D, E

Assumes an ideal α-helix: 100° per residue, 3.6 residues per turn. The arrow is the mean hydrophobic moment (Eisenberg et al. 1984) and points at the hydrophobic face.

Show as table

Position	Residue	Angle	Eisenberg consensus (normalized)
1	Y	0°	0.26
2	X	100°	not scored
3	Q	200°	-0.85
4	G	300°	0.48
5	T	40°	-0.05
6	F	140°	1.19
7	T	240°	-0.05
8	S	340°	-0.18
9	D	80°	-0.90
10	Y	180°	0.26
11	S	280°	-0.18
12	I	20°	1.38
13	X	120°	not scored
14	L	220°	1.06
15	D	320°	-0.90
16	K	60°	-1.50
17	K	160°	-1.50
18	A	260°	0.62
19	Q	0°	-0.85
20	X	100°	not scored
21	A	200°	0.62
22	F	300°	1.19
23	I	40°	1.38
24	E	140°	-0.74
25	Y	240°	0.26
26	L	340°	1.06
27	L	80°	1.06
28	E	180°	-0.74
29	G	280°	0.48
30	G	20°	0.48
31	P	120°	0.12
32	S	220°	-0.18
33	S	320°	-0.18
34	G	60°	0.48
35	A	160°	0.62
36	P	260°	0.12
37	P	0°	0.12
38	P	100°	0.12
39	S	200°	-0.18

Results by area

Retatrutide results by year and outcome

Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Studies by year

63 of 214 studies have results (29%), published 2022 to 2026. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about Retatrutide, by class. The rows use different scales.

Studies
Human
Animal
Lab
Computer model
Natural levels, tool or combination only

Studies214 in all, 2022 to 2026

Studies with results63 in all, 2022 to 2026

Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

What the studies measured

People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Retatrutide studies on weight and appetite

117 results · people 92 · animals 25 · lab 0

Top 5 of 117 results

In adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, retatrutide 12 mg led to more weight loss than placebo at week 80.Lancet, 2026
In adults with type 2 diabetes, retatrutide at 4 mg or more lowered overall appetite more than placebo at week 24.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025
In adults with obesity, retatrutide 1 mg lowered body weight more than placebo at 24 weeks.The New England journal of medicine, 2023
Thirty-one of 36 adults treated with retatrutide said their eating behaviour changed in the first 8 weeks.Obesity pillars, 2025
In adults with type 2 diabetes, retatrutide 0.5 mg did not reduce body fat significantly more than placebo at week 36.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2025

Retatrutide studies on side effects

55 results · people 55 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 5 of 55 results

In adults with type 2 diabetes, 63% of people given retatrutide reported side effects, compared with 54% on placebo and 60% on dulaglutide.Lancet, 2022
In adults with type 2 diabetes, stomach and gut problems were the side effects reported most often.Lancet, 2022
A man with type 1 diabetes had high blood sugar after using an online-bought product sold as retatrutide; the cause is uncertain.Cureus, 2026
In adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, low blood pressure happened more often with retatrutide 4 mg than with placebo.Lancet, 2026
A man with type 1 diabetes had severe vomiting after using an online-bought product sold as retatrutide; the cause is uncertain.Cureus, 2026

Retatrutide studies on blood sugar

32 results · people 26 · animals 6 · lab 0

Top 3 of 32 results

In adults with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c fell from baseline at 24 weeks with retatrutide 0.5 mg.Lancet, 2023
In adults with type 2 diabetes, retatrutide 4 mg lowered HbA1c more than placebo.Lancet, 2026
In adults with type 2 diabetes, retatrutide 3 mg lowered daily blood glucose more than placebo after 12 weeks.Lancet, 2022

Retatrutide studies on cholesterol and blood fats

27 results · people 16 · animals 11 · lab 0

Top 5 of 27 results

In adults with obesity or overweight, retatrutide lowered non-HDL cholesterol more than placebo, with or without type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026
In people with type 2 diabetes, retatrutide at 8 and 12 mg lowered blood levels of the ANGPTL3/8 complex.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025
In a pooled analysis of trials in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, retatrutide was most effective of the drugs for improving blood lipids.Journal of diabetes, 2025
In people with obesity or overweight and without diabetes, retatrutide at 1 to 12 mg lowered blood levels of the ANGPTL3/8 complex.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025
In a pooled analysis of trials, retatrutide lowered total cholesterol.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention, 2026

Retatrutide studies on liver

20 results · people 13 · animals 7 · lab 0

Top 3 of 20 results

In adults with fatty liver disease, retatrutide 1 mg lowered liver fat more than placebo at 24 weeks.Nature medicine, 2024
In a pooled analysis of trials in fatty liver disease, retatrutide showed the largest liver fat reduction among the GLP-1-based drugs.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025
In adults with fatty liver disease, retatrutide 4 mg lowered liver fat more than placebo at 24 weeks.Nature medicine, 2024

Retatrutide studies on kidneys and bladder

14 results · people 9 · animals 5 · lab 0

Top 3 of 14 results

In adults with type 2 diabetes, retatrutide 12 mg lowered a urine kidney marker (UACR) more than placebo.Kidney international reports, 2025
Secondary analyses of retatrutide trials pointed to lower albuminuria, a possible kidney benefit.Maedica, 2025
In adults with type 2 diabetes, kidney filtration (eGFR) with retatrutide 12 mg did not differ from placebo.Kidney international reports, 2025

Retatrutide studies on heart and blood vessels

12 results · people 6 · animals 1 · lab 5

Top 5 of 12 results

In people with obesity, retatrutide lowered systolic blood pressure more than placebo across three pooled trials.Proceedings, 2025
In adults with obesity, retatrutide raised heart rate in a dose-dependent way, peaking at 24 weeks and then declining.The New England journal of medicine, 2023
In a pooled analysis of trials, retatrutide lowered systolic blood pressure.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention, 2026
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, retatrutide raised heart rate more than placebo, in a pooled analysis of trials.European journal of medical research, 2026
In people with obesity, retatrutide lowered diastolic blood pressure more than placebo across three pooled trials.Proceedings, 2025

Retatrutide studies on blood levels and clearance

6 results · people 6 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 3 of 6 results

In adults with type 2 diabetes, blood levels of retatrutide rose in proportion to the dose.Lancet, 2022
In four people who injected retatrutide themselves, no retatrutide or breakdown signals were found in urine.Rapid communications in mass spectrometry, 2026
In a phase 1 study, how retatrutide moves through the body supported dosing once a week.Cell metabolism, 2022

Retatrutide studies on pain

6 results · people 6 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 3 of 6 results

In adults with obesity and knee osteoarthritis, retatrutide 9 mg lowered knee pain scores more than placebo.The New England journal of medicine, 2026
In adults with obesity and knee osteoarthritis, retatrutide 12 mg lowered knee pain scores more than placebo.The New England journal of medicine, 2026
In adults with obesity and knee osteoarthritis, retatrutide 9 mg lowered knee pain scores more than placebo.The New England journal of medicine, 2026

Retatrutide studies on sleep

6 results · people 6 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 3 of 6 results

In adults with obesity and sleep apnea, retatrutide 9 mg cut breathing interruptions during sleep more than placebo.The New England journal of medicine, 2026
In adults with obesity and sleep apnea, retatrutide 12 mg cut breathing interruptions during sleep more than placebo.The New England journal of medicine, 2026
In adults with obesity and sleep apnea, retatrutide 9 mg cut breathing interruptions during sleep more than placebo.The New England journal of medicine, 2026

Retatrutide studies on survival and serious illness

6 results · people 6 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 3 of 6 results

In adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, two people died in the retatrutide 4 mg group; the investigator judged the deaths unrelated to treatment.Lancet, 2026
In adults with type 2 diabetes given retatrutide, no deaths were reported during the study.Lancet, 2023
In adults with type 2 diabetes, no deaths were reported in the substudy.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2025

Retatrutide studies on daily life and fitness

5 results · people 5 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 3 of 5 results

Twenty-seven retatrutide-treated participants reported better mobility or ability to do physical activities.Obesity pillars, 2025
Twenty-four retatrutide-treated participants reported better energy levels.Obesity pillars, 2025
Eighteen retatrutide-treated participants reported improvements in social activities involving food.Obesity pillars, 2025

Retatrutide studies on immune system and inflammation

18 results · people 4 · animals 14 · lab 0

Top 5 of 18 results

In adults with obesity without type 2 diabetes, retatrutide lowered the inflammation marker CRP more than placebo.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026
In preclinical cancer models, retatrutide raised circulating IL-6, an immune signal.npj metabolic health and disease, 2025
In mice with diabetes, retatrutide strongly lowered the inflammation marker TNF-α in the kidneys.Endocrine, 2025
In female mice with fatty liver disease, retatrutide lowered liver inflammation markers compared with vehicle.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2025
In adults with obesity without type 2 diabetes, retatrutide lowered the inflammation marker interleukin-6 more than placebo.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026

Retatrutide studies on mood, stress and behavior

4 results · people 3 · animals 1 · lab 0

4 results

Thirty-two retatrutide-treated participants said they felt good about themselves or self-confident.Obesity pillars, 2025
In rats, acute retatrutide reduced how well the rats recognised the effects of alcohol.Psychopharmacology, 2026
Twenty-five retatrutide-treated participants said they felt happy.Obesity pillars, 2025
Three retatrutide-treated participants said they felt frustrated by disappointing weight loss.Obesity pillars, 2025

Retatrutide studies on metabolism and nutrition

4 results · people 2 · animals 2 · lab 0

4 results

In adults with obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes, higher retatrutide doses were linked to changes in fat-burning related blood molecules.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026
In obese mice, retatrutide did not significantly change energy expenditure.Obesity, 2026
In adults with obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes, retatrutide was linked to changes in blood molecules tied to insulin resistance.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026
In mice lacking MC4R, retatrutide did not significantly change the respiratory quotient; tirzepatide did.International journal of obesity, 2026

Retatrutide studies on cancer

11 results · people 0 · animals 11 · lab 0

Top 3 of 11 results

In preclinical models of obese breast cancer, retatrutide shrank tumours, most clearly in obese mice.Advanced science, 2025
In mice with retatrutide-induced weight loss, fewer pancreatic cancer cells took hold.npj metabolic health and disease, 2025
In preclinical models of obese breast cancer, retatrutide made chemotherapy work better.Advanced science, 2025

Retatrutide studies on receptors and cell signals

24 results · people 0 · animals 8 · lab 16

Top 5 of 24 results

In preclinical models of obese breast cancer, retatrutide lowered activity of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway.Advanced science, 2025
In mice with kidney scarring, retatrutide effects were linked to lower activity of the PI3K-AKT pathway.iScience, 2026
In obese mice, retatrutide caused weight loss by raising energy use and lowering calorie intake.Cell metabolism, 2022
In mice with diabetes, retatrutide raised gut butyrate levels more than liraglutide or tirzepatide did.Endocrine, 2025
In isolated mouse heart tissue, the rolipram drug increased the beating-rate effect of retatrutide.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2025

Retatrutide studies on cells, genes and aging

6 results · people 0 · animals 6 · lab 0

Top 5 of 6 results

In obese mice, retatrutide increased fat burning in a type of fat tissue.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2026
In obese mice, retatrutide reduced fat production in a type of fat tissue.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2026
In aged mice, retatrutide was linked to less G2/M cell-cycle arrest, as were semaglutide and tirzepatide.iScience, 2026
In obese mice, retatrutide improved mitochondrial function in a type of fat tissue.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2026
In obese mice, retatrutide increased blood vessel growth and repair signals in a type of fat tissue.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2026

Retatrutide studies on brain and nerves

3 results · people 0 · animals 3 · lab 0

3 results

In diabetic rats, retatrutide partly preserved brain tissue structure.Behavioural brain research, 2026
In healthy rats, retatrutide increased activity of the BDNF gene.Behavioural brain research, 2026
In healthy rats, retatrutide increased activity of the CREB gene.Behavioural brain research, 2026

Retatrutide studies on memory and thinking

3 results · people 0 · animals 3 · lab 0

3 results

In diabetic rats, retatrutide kept maze performance better than no treatment did.Behavioural brain research, 2026
In diabetic rats, retatrutide only partly reduced short-term memory deficits.Behavioural brain research, 2026
In healthy rats, retatrutide alone did not improve behaviour test results beyond control rats.Behavioural brain research, 2026

Retatrutide studies on bones and joints

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In obese hamsters, retatrutide did not change bone mineral density.Obesity, 2026

Trials and papers

Retatrutide trials

Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.

StatusPhase

34 trials match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Trials on this page (25 of 34)

25 of 34 trials

Completed
Ongoing
Not yet recruiting
Stopped
Estimated dates (est.)
Results posted

202220242026202820302032

Ph 2
A Study of LY3437943 in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes
NCT04867785
13 May 2021 to 27 Oct 2022
Ph 2
A Study of LY3437943 in Participants Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight
NCT04881760
20 May 2021 to 22 Nov 2022
Ph 3
TRIUMPH-3
NCT05882045
30 May 2023 to 14 May 2026
Ph 3
TRIUMPH-1
NCT05929066
10 Jul 2023 to 30 Apr 2026
Ph 3
TRIUMPH-2
NCT05929079
11 Jul 2023 to 16 Jun 2026
Ph 1
A Study of LY3437943 in Participants With Impaired and Normal Liver Function
NCT05916560
13 Jul 2023 to 2 Mar 2025
Ph 1
A Study of LY3437943 in Healthy Participants With a High Body Mass Index
NCT05959096
18 Jul 2023 to 25 Jul 2024
Ph 2
A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) on Renal Function in Participants With Overweight or Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease With or Without Type 2 Diabetes
NCT05936151
20 Jul 2023 to 21 Oct 2025
Ph 3
TRIUMPH-4
NCT05931367
1 Aug 2023 to 14 Nov 2025
Ph 1
A Study of LY3437943 in Postmenopausal Female Participants Who Are Overweight or Obese
NCT06039826
12 Sept 2023 to 11 Jul 2024

Browse all 34 matching trials in the list below

25 trials · 11 ongoing · 14 completed · 2 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

Active, not recruitingPhase 3NCT06383390

The Effect of Retatrutide Once Weekly on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Kidney Outcomes in Adults Living With Obesity (TRIUMPH-Outcomes)

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 10,00030 Apr 2024 to est. Feb 2029

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) · Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 8 Oct 2026

RecruitingPhase 3NCT07165028

A Master Protocol of Multiple Agents in Adults With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (SYNERGY-Outcomes)

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 4,50015 Oct 2025 to est. Aug 2032

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 8 Oct 2026

Active, not recruitingPhase 3NCT06260722

Effect of Retatrutide Compared With Semaglutide in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control With Metformin With or Without SGLT2 Inhibitor (TRANSCEND-T2D-2)

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 1,25021 Feb 2024 to est. Feb 2027

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 28 Sept 2026

Active, not recruitingPhase 3NCT07035093

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants Who Have Obesity or Overweight and Chronic Low Back Pain

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 58629 May 2025 to est. Sept 2027

Obesity · Overweight · Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 25 Sept 2026

CompletedPhase 3NCT05929066

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants Who Have Obesity or Overweight

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 2,33510 Jul 2023 to 30 Apr 2026

Obesity · Overweight · Osteoarthritis, Knee · Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 21 Aug 2026

CompletedPhase 3NCT05882045

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants With Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 1,94630 May 2023 to 14 May 2026

Obesity · Cardiovascular Diseases

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 30 Jul 2026

CompletedPhase 3NCT05929079

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Obesity or Overweight

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 1,15211 Jul 2023 to 16 Jun 2026

Type 2 Diabetes · Obesity · Overweight · Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 30 Jul 2026

Active, not recruitingPhase 3NCT06297603

Effect of Retatrutide Compared With Placebo in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate or Severe Renal Impairment, With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Basal Insulin, With or Without Metformin and/or SGLT2 Inhibitor (TRANSCEND-T2D-3)

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 32015 Mar 2024 to est. Nov 2026

Type 2 Diabetes

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 20 Jul 2026

Active, not recruitingPhase 3NCT06662383

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) Compared to Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Adults Who Have Obesity

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 8001 Nov 2024 to est. Dec 2026

Obesity

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 20 Jul 2026

Active, not recruitingPhase 3NCT07357415

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants Without Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Obesity or Overweight

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 60024 Jan 2026 to est. Nov 2028

Obesity · Overweight

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 9 Jun 2026

Active, not recruitingPhase 3NCT07232719

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants With Obesity or Overweight

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 25017 Nov 2025 to est. Jul 2027

Obesity · Overweight

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 17 Apr 2026

CompletedPhase 3NCT06354660

Effect of Retatrutide Compared With Placebo in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control With Diet and Exercise Alone (TRANSCEND-T2D-1)

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 53710 Apr 2024 to 20 Feb 2026

Diabetes Type 2

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 5 Mar 2026

Active, not recruitingPhase 3NCT06859268

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in the Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Individuals With Obesity

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 6435 Mar 2025 to est. Apr 2028

Obesity

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 3 Mar 2026

CompletedPhase 3NCT05931367

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) Once Weekly in Participants Who Have Obesity or Overweight and Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 4451 Aug 2023 to 14 Nov 2025

Obesity · Overweight · Osteo Arthritis Knee

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 21 Jan 2026

RecruitingPhase 2NCT07467447

Effect of LY3437943 Versus Placebo in Participants Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight

Hudson Biotechn = 30015 Feb 2026 to est. 17 Feb 2028

Obesity

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 12 Mar 2026

CompletedPhase 2NCT05936151

A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) on Renal Function in Participants With Overweight or Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease With or Without Type 2 Diabetes

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 14620 Jul 2023 to 21 Oct 2025

Overweight or Obesity · CKD · Type 2 Diabetes

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 25 Nov 2025

CompletedPhase 2Results postedNCT04881760

A Study of LY3437943 in Participants Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 33820 May 2021 to 22 Nov 2022

Obesity · Overweight

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 13 Sept 2023

CompletedPhase 2Results postedNCT04867785

A Study of LY3437943 in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 28113 May 2021 to 27 Oct 2022

Type 2 Diabetes

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 3 Jul 2023

Active, not recruitingPhase 1NCT06982859

A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Retatrutide on Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 952 Jun 2025 to est. Jan 2027

Diabetes Mellitus · Insulin Sensitivity

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 6 Oct 2026

CompletedPhase 1NCT06982846

A Study to Investigate the Response of Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Once-Weekly Retatrutide to Hypoglycemia

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 806 Jun 2025 to 4 May 2026

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 18 Jun 2026

CompletedPhase 1NCT06313528

A Study to Measure Calorie Consumption and Usage in Participants With Obesity Using LY3437943

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 8520 Mar 2024 to 26 Aug 2025

Obesity

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 23 Sept 2025

CompletedPhase 1NCT06808802

To Investigate the Effect of Retatrutide (LY3437943) on Metoprolol Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Participants

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 303 Feb 2025 to 15 Apr 2025

Healthy

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 5 Jun 2025

CompletedPhase 1NCT05916560

A Study of LY3437943 in Participants With Impaired and Normal Liver Function

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 4313 Jul 2023 to 2 Mar 2025

Healthy · Hepatic Insufficiency

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 18 Apr 2025

CompletedPhase 1NCT05959096

A Study of LY3437943 in Healthy Participants With a High Body Mass Index

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 8518 Jul 2023 to 25 Jul 2024

Healthy

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 1 Oct 2024

CompletedPhase 1NCT06039826

A Study of LY3437943 in Postmenopausal Female Participants Who Are Overweight or Obese

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 4612 Sept 2023 to 11 Jul 2024

Overweight

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 26 Jul 2024

Papers

Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.

Sort

Design

214 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.

Showing 13 of 214 studiesquery qry_6efd75719b009531ae9a72e5

Studies with results

63 studies in all, 10 on this page

Randomized controlled trial · 2023

20 results

Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial.

Jastreboff et al. 2023The New England journal of medicinecited by 826

PMID 37366315DOI 10.1056/nejmoa2301972PUB-37366315

Full text at the publisher20 results where Retatrutide was given

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Randomized controlled trial · 2023

31 results

Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA.

Rosenstock et al. 2023Lancet (London, England)n = 281cited by 309

PMID 37385280DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01053-xPUB-37385280

Full text at the publisher22 results where Retatrutide was given

Publisher page See results (31)

Other design · 2022

7 results

LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept.

Coskun et al. 2022Cell metabolismcited by 240

PMID 35985340DOI 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.013PUB-35985340

Full text at the publisher7 results where Retatrutide was given

Publisher page See results (7)

Randomized controlled trial · 2024

12 results

Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial.

Sanyal et al. 2024Nature medicinen = 98cited by 228

PMID 38858523PMC11271400DOI 10.1038/s41591-024-03018-2PUB-38858523

CC BY12 results where Retatrutide was given

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Randomized controlled trial · 2022

13 results

LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial.

Urva et al. 2022Lancet (London, England)n = 72cited by 150

PMID 36354040DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02033-5PUB-36354040

Full text at the publisher12 results where Retatrutide was given

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Systematic review · 2025

8 results

Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Moiz et al. 2025Annals of internal medicinecited by 93

PMID 39761578DOI 10.7326/annals-24-01590PUB-39761578

Full text at the publisher1 result where Retatrutide was given

Publisher page See results (8)

Randomized controlled trial · 2025

18 results

Effects of retatrutide on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of a phase 2, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.

Coskun et al. 2025The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinologyn = 189cited by 39

PMID 40609566DOI 10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00092-0PUB-40609566

Full text at the publisher13 results where Retatrutide was given

Publisher page See results (18)

Systematic review · 2024

32 results

Seven glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and polyagonists for weight loss in patients with obesity or overweight: an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Xie et al. 2024Metabolism: clinical and experimentaln = 15,584cited by 33

PMID 39305981DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156038PUB-39305981

Full text at the publisher8 results where Retatrutide was given

Publisher page See results (32)

Systematic review · 2025

18 results

Comparative efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight reduction: A model-based meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials.

Guo et al. 2025Obesity pillarscited by 30

PMID 39980735PMC11840199DOI 10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100162PUB-39980735

CC BY1 result where Retatrutide was given

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Systematic review · 2025

32 results

Efficacy of GLP-1-based Therapies on Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Wang et al. 2025The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 29

PMID 40489581DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgaf336PUB-40489581

Full text at the publisher1 result where Retatrutide was given

Publisher page See results (32)

More studies

55 studies in all, 3 on this page

PubMed tag: Review · 2024

The impact of weight loss on fat-free mass, muscle, bone and hematopoiesis health: Implications for emerging pharmacotherapies aiming at fat reduction and lean mass preservation.

Stefanakis et al. 2024Metabolism: clinical and experimentalcited by 98

PMID 39481534DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156057PUB-39481534

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2024

Recent advances in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus using new drug therapies.

Chong et al. 2024The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciencescited by 42

PMID 38183334PMC11895656DOI 10.1002/kjm2.12800PUB-38183334

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PubMed tag: Letter · 2023

Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity. Reply.

Jastreboff et al. 2023The New England journal of medicinecited by 24

PMID 37888927DOI 10.1056/nejmc2310645PUB-37888927

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

No result for Retatrutide (12 studies on this page, 96 in all)

These studies name Retatrutide but give no result for it (for example, the results concern another peptide in the study).

PubMed tag: Review · 2024

Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.

Drucker et al. 2024Diabetes carecited by 292

PMID 38843460DOI 10.2337/dci24-0003PUB-38843460

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2025

What is the pipeline for future medications for obesity?

Melson et al. 2025International journal of obesity (2005)cited by 214

PMID 38302593PMC11971045DOI 10.1038/s41366-024-01473-yPUB-38302593

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PubMed tag: Review · 2024

Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition?

Locatelli et al. 2024Diabetes carecited by 133

PMID 38687506DOI 10.2337/dci23-0100PUB-38687506

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2024

Advancements in pharmacological treatment of NAFLD/MASLD: a focus on metabolic and liver-targeted interventions.

Ciardullo et al. 2024Gastroenterology reportcited by 72

PMID 38681750PMC11052658DOI 10.1093/gastro/goae029PUB-38681750

Free to read · publisher termsCC BY-NC

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PubMed tag: Systematic Review · 2025

Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review.

Kokkorakis et al. 2025Pharmacological reviewscited by 60

PMID 39952695DOI 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045PUB-39952695

Full text at the publisher

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PubMed tag: Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review · 2025

6 results

Sex Differences in the Efficacy of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Yang et al. 2025Journal of diabetescited by 58

PMID 40040445PMC11880690DOI 10.1111/1753-0407.70063PUB-40040445

CC BY6 results

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PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2023

Enteroendocrine cell regulation of the gut-brain axis.

Barton et al. 2023Frontiers in neurosciencecited by 55

PMID 38027512PMC10662325DOI 10.3389/fnins.2023.1272955PUB-38027512

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PubMed tag: Review · 2024

A review of an investigational drug retatrutide, a novel triple agonist agent for the treatment of obesity.

Kaur et al. 2024European journal of clinical pharmacologycited by 33

PMID 38367045DOI 10.1007/s00228-024-03646-0PUB-38367045

Full text at the publisher

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PubMed tag: Systematic Review · 2024

6 results

Sex, race, and BMI in clinical trials of medications for obesity over the past three decades: a systematic review.

Alsaqaaby et al. 2024The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinologycited by 30

PMID 38723646DOI 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00098-6PUB-38723646

Full text at the publisher6 results

Publisher page See results (6)

PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2024

The Road towards Triple Agonists: Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon Receptor - An Update.

Jakubowska et al. 2024Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)cited by 27

PMID 38356208PMC10901658DOI 10.3803/enm.2024.1942PUB-38356208

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PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2024

Oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and combinations of entero-pancreatic hormones as treatments for adults with type 2 diabetes: where are we now?

Gogineni et al. 2024Expert opinion on pharmacotherapycited by 26

PMID 38753454PMC11195668DOI 10.1080/14656566.2024.2356254PUB-38753454

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PubMed tag: Review · 2025

The promise of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of obesity: a look at phase 2 and 3 pipelines.

Madsbad et al. 2025Expert opinion on investigational drugscited by 25

PMID 40022548DOI 10.1080/13543784.2025.2472408PUB-40022548

Full text at the publisher

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Newer studies

PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.

Retatrutide studies: 63 papers with results

Page 1 of 2

Retatrutide in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes (TRIUMPH-2): a double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Bellido V · Lancet (London, England) · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 21 results
Retatrutide, a Triple Hormone Receptor Agonist, for Treatment of Obesity.
Jastreboff AM · The New England journal of medicine · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 16 results
Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA.
Rosenstock J · Lancet (London, England) · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 31 results
Effects of retatrutide on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of a phase 2, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.
Coskun T · The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 18 results
Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial.
Sanyal AJ · Nature medicine · 2024
Randomized controlled trial · 12 results
LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial.
Urva S · Lancet (London, England) · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 13 results
Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial.
Jastreboff AM · The New England journal of medicine · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 20 results
Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, in people with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control with diet and exercise (TRANSCEND-T2D-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial.
Bajaj HS · Lancet (London, England) · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 10 results
Retatrutide and lipid and metabolite profiles in participants with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes.
Pearson MJ · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Appetite, eating attitudes, and eating behaviours during treatment with retatrutide in adults with type 2 diabetes: Results of a phase 2 study.
Kanu C · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 11 results
The Effect of Retatrutide on Kidney Parameters in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or Obesity.
Heerspink HJL · Kidney international reports · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Decreases in circulating ANGPTL3/8 concentrations following retatrutide treatment parallel reductions in serum lipids.
Wen Y · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Retatrutide-Associated Improvements in Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Adults With Obesity With or Without Type 2 Diabetes.
Ruotolo G · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 11 results
Seven glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and polyagonists for weight loss in patients with obesity or overweight: an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Xie Z · Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2024
Systematic review · 32 results
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Moiz A · Annals of internal medicine · 2025
Systematic review · 8 results
Comparative efficacy of incretin drugs on glycemic control, body weight, and blood pressure in adults with overweight or obesity and with/without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Liu S · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025
Systematic review · 12 results
Efficacy and Safety of Retatrutide in the Treatment of Diabetes and/or Obesity Comorbid with Chronic Kidney disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pallavi K · Maedica · 2025
Systematic review · 6 results
Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a novel GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist for obesity treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Abdrabou Abouelmagd A · Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2025
Systematic review · 8 results
Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide on weight and metabolic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Pasqualotto E · Metabolism open · 2024
Systematic review · 9 results
Comparative efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight reduction: A model-based meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials.
Guo H · Obesity pillars · 2025
Systematic review · 18 results
Efficacy of GLP-1-based Therapies on Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Wang Y · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
Systematic review · 32 results
Efficacy of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Based Therapies on Cardiovascular Events and Cardiometabolic Parameters in Obese Individuals Without Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Yin Y · Journal of diabetes · 2025
Systematic review · 14 results
Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, Dual Agonists, and Retatrutide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Bayesian NMA.
Sinha B · Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025
Systematic review · 12 results
Gastrointestinal Adverse Effects of Anti-Obesity Medications in Non-Diabetic Adults: A Systematic Review.
Takrori E · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025
Systematic review · 4 results
Efficacy and safety of triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for the management of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Tewari J · Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2025
Systematic review · 2 results
Quantitative Comparison of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Weight Loss in Adults: A Systematic Review and Model-Based Meta-Analysis.
Zhang S · Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2025
Systematic review · 13 results
Beyond GLP-1: efficacy and safety of dual and triple incretin agonists in personalized type 2 diabetes care-a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Yan K · Acta diabetologica · 2025
Systematic review · 5 results
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon Receptor Agonists on Metabolic Outcomes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Abulehia A · Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026
Systematic review · 8 results
Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on heart rate in non-diabetic individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Zhang Y · European journal of medical research · 2026
Systematic review · 10 results
Efficacy and safety of retatrutide for the treatment of obesity: a systematic review of clinical trials.
Misra S · Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology · 2025
Systematic review · 5 results
Medical treatments for obesity: what does the future have in store?
Bassatne A · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026
Systematic review · 2 results
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Co-agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : An Updated Systematic Review.
Moiz A · Annals of internal medicine · 2026
Systematic review · 28 results
Comparative efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 based drugs for weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes: network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Chen D · BMJ medicine · 2026
Systematic review · 7 results
Effect of Retatrutide, a Novel Triple Receptor Agonist, on Blood Pressure and Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Simental-Mendía LE · High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2026
Systematic review · 6 results
Efficacy and safety of incretin-based therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis based on clinical trials.
Wu X · Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026
Systematic review · 24 results
Perceived benefits of treatment for obesity with retatrutide: A qualitative study of patients in a phase 2 clinical trial.
Goetz IA · Obesity pillars · 2025
Observational study · 14 results
Detection and Excretion Profile of Retatrutide in Human Plasma and Urine by LC-HRMS: Implications for Antidoping Analysis.
Carneiro GRA · Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM · 2026
Observational study · 6 results
Online-Sourced Retatrutide Complicating Impending Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Patient With Type 1 Diabetes and Concurrent Shigella Gastroenteritis.
Branine N · Cureus · 2026
Case report or series · 8 results
LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept.
Coskun T · Cell metabolism · 2022
Other design · 7 results
Pharmacological Dissection Identifies Retatrutide Overcomes the Therapeutic Barrier of Obese TNBC Treatments through Suppressing the Interplay between Glycosylation and Ubiquitylation of YAP.
Cui X · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 6 results
Comparison of the effects of Liraglutide, Tirzepatide, and Retatrutide on diabetic kidney disease in db/db mice.
Ma J · Endocrine · 2025
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 19 results
Incretin triple agonist retatrutide (LY3437943) alleviates obesity-associated cancer progression.
Marathe SJ · npj metabolic health and disease · 2025
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 16 results
Multi-omic profiling reveals Retatrutide alleviates adipose tissue fibrosis via metabolic reprogramming and tissue repair.
Li Q · Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 14 results
Retatrutide Shows Multiple Metabolic Benefits in Diet-Induced Obese MASH Mouse and Hamster Models.
Briand F · Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026
Animal study (in vivo) · hamster and mouse · 23 results
Retatrutide improves steatohepatitis in an accelerated mouse model of diet-induced steatohepatitis with a fructose binge.
Viebahn GK · American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2025
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 5 results
Semaglutide, tirzepatide, and retatrutide attenuate the interoceptive effects of alcohol in male and female rats.
Windram M · Psychopharmacology · 2026
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 5 results
GIPR:GCGR co-agonism restores normal weight in obese rodents.
Perez-Tilve D · Molecular metabolism · 2026
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 1 result
Efficacy of GLP-1 analog peptides, semaglutide, tirzepatide, and retatrutide on MC4R deficient obesity and their comparison.
Hitaka K · International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 37 results
Cagrilintide and retatrutide combination therapy enhances weight loss and metabolic outcomes in obese male rats.
Petersen J · Nature metabolism · 2026
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 16 results
Comparative effects of semaglutide tirzepatide and retatrutide on renal fibrosis in UUO and aged mice.
Ding M · iScience · 2026
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 9 results

Status and safety

Regulatory and safety

Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction, with date and source
Jurisdiction	Body	Status	As of	Source
US	FDA	No Drugs@FDA application (openFDA has no retatrutide record on 2026-10-09). Lilly plans to submit its application in Q1 2027 after completing its CMC package (Lilly press release, 2026-07-23); Lilly calls it a Biologics License Application (BLA). FDA has taken the position that retatrutide is not a protein or biological product, so a drug application (NDA) would apply. Lilly sued FDA in 2024 and the dispute continues (BioSpace, 2026-08-05). This record counts 39 residues (GSRS sequence); Lilly's complaint counts 41 amino acids.	9 Oct 2026	Not recorded
EU	EMA	No entry in EMA medicines data (report timestamp 2026-10-09T06:23:44Z) and no EU orphan designation.	9 Oct 2026	Not recorded
Sport	WADA	Banned in sport (WADA S0) S0 covers substances not approved for human use; Retatrutide is not named on the List.	2026 List	wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab)
Australia	Note	Not approved by the TGA; Sport Integrity Australia states it is not approved for therapeutic use by the TGA or any other international regulatory agency.	9 Oct 2026	sportintegrity.gov.au (opens in a new tab)

Safety outcomes

61 safety results for Retatrutide.

Human evidence· 61

In adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, permanent discontinuation due to adverse events or death with retatrutide 4 mg was not more frequent than with placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 581
Permanent discontinuation
4%
retatrutide 4 mg
Permanent discontinuation
5%
placebo
In adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, two participants died in the retatrutide 4 mg group; the investigator judged all deaths unrelated to the study intervention.
Randomized controlled trialn = 581
In adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, diarrhoea was more common with retatrutide 4 mg than with placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 579
Participants with diarrhoea
27%
retatrutide 4 mg
Participants with diarrhoea
13%
placebo
In adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, nausea was more common with retatrutide 4 mg than with placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 579
Participants with nausea
14%
retatrutide 4 mg
Participants with nausea
8%
placebo
In adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, hypotension was more frequent with retatrutide 4 mg than with placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 579
Participants with hypotension
1%
retatrutide 4 mg
In adults with type 2 diabetes, there were no reports of severe hypoglycaemia during the study.
Randomized controlled trialn = 281
In adults with type 2 diabetes, adverse events with retatrutide were similar between groups.
Randomized controlled trialn = 189
In adults with type 2 diabetes, treatment-emergent adverse events were reported by 63% of participants given LY3437943, 60% given dulaglutide 1.5 mg and 54% given placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 72
Treatment-emergent adverse events
63%
LY3437943
Treatment-emergent adverse events
60%
dulaglutide 1.5 mg
Treatment-emergent adverse events
54%
placebo

The top 24 of 61 results.

Doses studied · 69

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

12 mgHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
80 weeks
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 576
9 mgHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
80 weeks
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 574
12 mgHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
80 weeks
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 574
9 mgHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
80 weeks
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 573
1 mg once weeklyHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
48 weeks
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 98
4 mg once weeklyHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
48 weeks
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 98

Doses studied in the study results, as given in the studies.
Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design
12 mg	Human	human	subcutaneous	80 weeks	Randomized controlled trial · n = 576
9 mg	Human	human	subcutaneous	80 weeks	Randomized controlled trial · n = 574
12 mg	Human	human	subcutaneous	80 weeks	Randomized controlled trial · n = 574
9 mg	Human	human	subcutaneous	80 weeks	Randomized controlled trial · n = 573
1 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	48 weeks	Randomized controlled trial · n = 98
4 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	48 weeks	Randomized controlled trial · n = 98

6 of 69 shown

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Data

Data and API

Data version, change history and code for this peptide.

Data version 30856030 Oct 2026

Peptide

Peptide id: PEP-000032
Peptide version: 10
Peptide hash: c1e31ce95f658dbb…
Data version: 308560

Latest changes

27 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 258332
27 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 256767
22 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 254569
21 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 213657
14 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 194718
13 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 173559

For developers

curl -s https://pepbank.io/v1/briefs/retatrutide

Evidence summary for Retatrutide: counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.

Peptide as JSON Evidence summary as JSON

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Body weightMetabolic and weight	Human: 79 results from 27 studies: 15 increase, 57 decrease, 2 no significant change, 5 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 19 results from 10 studies: 1 increase, 16 decrease, 1 no significant change, 1 mixed. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	98
Adverse eventsWhole body	Human: 38 results from 15 studies: 19 increase, 14 no significant change, 5 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	38
Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight	Human: 26 results from 6 studies: 25 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 6 results from 5 studies: 1 increase, 4 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	32
Gastrointestinal adverse eventsGastrointestinal	Human: 17 results from 11 studies: 8 increase, 1 decrease, 8 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	17
LipidsMetabolic and weight	Human: 16 results from 4 studies: 14 decrease, 1 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 11 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 9 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	27
Liver fat and liver functionLiver	Human: 13 results from 2 studies: 4 increase, 5 decrease, 4 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 7 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 5 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	20
Appetite and food intakeMetabolic and weight	Human: 13 results from 2 studies: 1 increase, 5 decrease, 1 mixed, 6 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 6 results from 2 studies: 1 increase, 5 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	19
Kidney functionKidney and urinary	Human: 9 results from 2 studies: 4 increase, 4 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 5 results from 2 studies: 1 increase, 3 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	14
MortalityWhole body	Human: 6 results from 4 studies: 2 no significant change, 4 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	6
PainMusculoskeletal	Human: 6 results from 1 study: 6 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	6
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	Human: 6 results from 3 studies: 1 no significant change, 1 mixed, 4 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	6
SleepSleep	Human: 6 results from 1 study: 6 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	6

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Body weightMetabolic and weight	Human: 79 results from 27 studies: 15 increase, 57 decrease, 2 no significant change, 5 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 19 results from 10 studies: 1 increase, 16 decrease, 1 no significant change, 1 mixed. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	98
Adverse eventsWhole body	Human: 38 results from 15 studies: 19 increase, 14 no significant change, 5 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	38
Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight	Human: 26 results from 6 studies: 25 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 6 results from 5 studies: 1 increase, 4 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	32
Gastrointestinal adverse eventsGastrointestinal	Human: 17 results from 11 studies: 8 increase, 1 decrease, 8 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	17
LipidsMetabolic and weight	Human: 16 results from 4 studies: 14 decrease, 1 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 11 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 9 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	27
Liver fat and liver functionLiver	Human: 13 results from 2 studies: 4 increase, 5 decrease, 4 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 7 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 5 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	20
Appetite and food intakeMetabolic and weight	Human: 13 results from 2 studies: 1 increase, 5 decrease, 1 mixed, 6 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 6 results from 2 studies: 1 increase, 5 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	19
Kidney functionKidney and urinary	Human: 9 results from 2 studies: 4 increase, 4 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 5 results from 2 studies: 1 increase, 3 decrease, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	14
MortalityWhole body	Human: 6 results from 4 studies: 2 no significant change, 4 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	6
PainMusculoskeletal	Human: 6 results from 1 study: 6 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	6
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	Human: 6 results from 3 studies: 1 no significant change, 1 mixed, 4 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	6
SleepSleep	Human: 6 results from 1 study: 6 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	6