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Study · Systematic review · 2026

28 results

Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Co-agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : An Updated Systematic Review.

Moiz A, Filion KB, Samuels AE, Tsoukas MA, Yu OHY, Peters TM, Eisenberg MJ

Annals of internal medicine1 Sept 2026

PMID42673585 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.7326/annals-25-05519 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-42673585
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 28 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study28

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. 8 results from people.

  1. 01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, liraglutide reduced body weight by up to 5.8% more than placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, liraglutide led to up to 5.8% more weight loss than placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreasePlacebo-subtracted weight loss, liraglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Placebo-subtracted weight loss
    ≤ −5.8%
    liraglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    placebo-subtracted weight loss reached up to -5.8% (95% CI, -8.0% to -3.6%) for liraglutide
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.
  2. 02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide reduced body weight by up to 14.8% more than placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide led to up to 14.8% more weight loss than placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreasePlacebo-subtracted weight loss, subcutaneous semaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Placebo-subtracted weight loss
    ≤ −14.8%
    subcutaneous semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Among commercially available therapies, placebo-subtracted weight loss reached up to -5.8% (95% CI, -8.0% to -3.6%) for liraglutide, -14.8% (CI, -16.2% to -13.4%) for subcutaneous semaglutide, -14.3% (CI, -17.2% to -11.4%) for oral semaglutide, -12.4% (CI, -15.1% to -9.7%) for orforglipron, and -19.…
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.
  3. 03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced body weight by up to 14.3% more than placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, oral semaglutide led to up to 14.3% more weight loss than placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreasePlacebo-subtracted weight loss, oral semaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Placebo-subtracted weight loss
    ≤ −14.3%
    oral semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Among commercially available therapies, placebo-subtracted weight loss reached up to -5.8% (95% CI, -8.0% to -3.6%) for liraglutide, -14.8% (CI, -16.2% to -13.4%) for subcutaneous semaglutide, -14.3% (CI, -17.2% to -11.4%) for oral semaglutide, -12.4% (CI, -15.1% to -9.7%) for orforglipron, and -19.…
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.
  4. 04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, tirzepatide reduced body weight by up to 19.0% more than placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, tirzepatide led to up to 19.0% more weight loss than placebo.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    DecreasePlacebo-subtracted weight loss, tirzepatide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Placebo-subtracted weight loss
    ≤ −19%
    tirzepatide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Among commercially available therapies, placebo-subtracted weight loss reached up to -5.8% (95% CI, -8.0% to -3.6%) for liraglutide, -14.8% (CI, -16.2% to -13.4%) for subcutaneous semaglutide, -14.3% (CI, -17.2% to -11.4%) for oral semaglutide, -12.4% (CI, -15.1% to -9.7%) for orforglipron, and -19.…
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.
  5. 05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, retatrutide reduced body weight by 22.1% more than placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, retatrutide led to 22.1% more weight loss than placebo.

    Peptide
    Retatrutide
    Outcome
    DecreasePlacebo-subtracted weight loss, retatrutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Placebo-subtracted weight loss
    −22.1%
    retatrutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    -22.1% (CI, -24.9% to -19.3%) with retatrutide
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Numerically greater placebo-subtracted reductions were seen with emerging multiagonists, including -23.9% (CI, -29.3% to -18.5%) with amycretin and -22.1% (CI, -24.9% to -19.3%) with retatrutide.
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.
  6. 06HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In head-to-head data from adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, semaglutide produced greater weight loss than liraglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, semaglutide led to more weight loss than liraglutide in head-to-head data.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss versus liraglutide (head-to-head)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Liraglutide
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    greater weight loss with semaglutide and JNJ-64565111 than liraglutide
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.
  7. 07HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In head-to-head data from adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, tirzepatide produced greater weight loss than semaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, tirzepatide led to more weight loss than semaglutide in head-to-head data.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss versus semaglutide (head-to-head)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Semaglutide
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    greater weight loss with tirzepatide and cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema; Novo Nordisk) than semaglutide.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.
  8. 08HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In head-to-head data from adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) produced greater weight loss than semaglutide alone.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, CagriSema led to more weight loss than semaglutide alone in head-to-head data.

    Peptide
    Cagrilintide
    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss versus semaglutide (head-to-head)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Semaglutide
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    greater weight loss with tirzepatide and cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema; Novo Nordisk) than semaglutide.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone20

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 09HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 76.0% with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including liraglutide) versus 40.1% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, stomach and bowel side effects were more common with GLP-1 drugs as a group than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseGastrointestinal adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Measurements

    GI adverse event rate
    76%
    GLP-1 RA
    GI adverse event rate
    40.1%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) remained common (GLP-1 RA vs. placebo: 76.0% vs. 40.1%).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 10HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 76.0% with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including semaglutide) versus 40.1% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, stomach and bowel side effects were more common with GLP-1 drugs as a group than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseGastrointestinal adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Measurements

    GI adverse event rate
    76%
    GLP-1 RA
    GI adverse event rate
    40.1%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) remained common (GLP-1 RA vs. placebo: 76.0% vs. 40.1%).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  3. 11HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 76.0% with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including tirzepatide) versus 40.1% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, stomach and bowel side effects were more common with GLP-1 drugs as a group than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    IncreaseGastrointestinal adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Measurements

    GI adverse event rate
    76%
    GLP-1 RA
    GI adverse event rate
    40.1%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) remained common (GLP-1 RA vs. placebo: 76.0% vs. 40.1%).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.

  4. 12HumanNot a test of Retatrutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 76.0% with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including retatrutide) versus 40.1% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, stomach and bowel side effects were more common with GLP-1 drugs as a group than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Retatrutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseGastrointestinal adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Measurements

    GI adverse event rate
    76%
    GLP-1 RA
    GI adverse event rate
    40.1%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) remained common (GLP-1 RA vs. placebo: 76.0% vs. 40.1%).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Retatrutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Retatrutide.

  5. 13HumanNot a test of Cagrilintide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 76.0% with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including cagrilintide-semaglutide) versus 40.1% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, stomach and bowel side effects were more common with GLP-1 drugs as a group than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Cagrilintide
    Outcome
    IncreaseGastrointestinal adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Measurements

    GI adverse event rate
    76%
    GLP-1 RA
    GI adverse event rate
    40.1%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) remained common (GLP-1 RA vs. placebo: 76.0% vs. 40.1%).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Cagrilintide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Cagrilintide.

  6. 14HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, discontinuation due to adverse events was 10.7% with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including liraglutide) versus 3.4% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, few people stopped GLP-1 drugs because of side effects, but more than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseDiscontinuation due to adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Measurements

    Discontinuation due to AEs
    10.7%
    GLP-1 RA
    Discontinuation due to AEs
    3.4%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Discontinuation due to AEs was generally low (10.7% vs. 3.4%) but numerically higher with some oral agents.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  7. 15HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, discontinuation due to adverse events was 10.7% with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including semaglutide) versus 3.4% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, few people stopped GLP-1 drugs because of side effects, but more than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseDiscontinuation due to adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Measurements

    Discontinuation due to AEs
    10.7%
    GLP-1 RA
    Discontinuation due to AEs
    3.4%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Discontinuation due to AEs was generally low (10.7% vs. 3.4%) but numerically higher with some oral agents.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  8. 16HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, discontinuation due to adverse events was 10.7% with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including tirzepatide) versus 3.4% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, few people stopped GLP-1 drugs because of side effects, but more than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    IncreaseDiscontinuation due to adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Measurements

    Discontinuation due to AEs
    10.7%
    GLP-1 RA
    Discontinuation due to AEs
    3.4%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Discontinuation due to AEs was generally low (10.7% vs. 3.4%) but numerically higher with some oral agents.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.

  9. 17HumanNot a test of Retatrutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, discontinuation due to adverse events was 10.7% with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including retatrutide) versus 3.4% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, few people stopped GLP-1 drugs because of side effects, but more than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Retatrutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseDiscontinuation due to adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Measurements

    Discontinuation due to AEs
    10.7%
    GLP-1 RA
    Discontinuation due to AEs
    3.4%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Discontinuation due to AEs was generally low (10.7% vs. 3.4%) but numerically higher with some oral agents.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Retatrutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Retatrutide.

  10. 18HumanNot a test of Cagrilintide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, discontinuation due to adverse events was 10.7% with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including cagrilintide-semaglutide) versus 3.4% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, few people stopped GLP-1 drugs because of side effects, but more than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Cagrilintide
    Outcome
    IncreaseDiscontinuation due to adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Measurements

    Discontinuation due to AEs
    10.7%
    GLP-1 RA
    Discontinuation due to AEs
    3.4%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Discontinuation due to AEs was generally low (10.7% vs. 3.4%) but numerically higher with some oral agents.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Cagrilintide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Cagrilintide.

  11. 19HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, serious adverse events were rare with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including liraglutide): 6.5% versus 5.2% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, serious side effects were rare with GLP-1 drugs as a group and about as rare with placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedSerious adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Measurements

    Serious adverse event rate
    6.5%
    GLP-1 RA
    Serious adverse event rate
    5.2%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Serious AEs (6.5% vs. 5.2%) and deaths (0.1% vs. 0.0%) were rare, with no new safety signals identified.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  12. 20HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, serious adverse events were rare with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including semaglutide): 6.5% versus 5.2% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, serious side effects were rare with GLP-1 drugs as a group and about as rare with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedSerious adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Measurements

    Serious adverse event rate
    6.5%
    GLP-1 RA
    Serious adverse event rate
    5.2%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Serious AEs (6.5% vs. 5.2%) and deaths (0.1% vs. 0.0%) were rare, with no new safety signals identified.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  13. 21HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, serious adverse events were rare with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including tirzepatide): 6.5% versus 5.2% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, serious side effects were rare with GLP-1 drugs as a group and about as rare with placebo.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedSerious adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Measurements

    Serious adverse event rate
    6.5%
    GLP-1 RA
    Serious adverse event rate
    5.2%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Serious AEs (6.5% vs. 5.2%) and deaths (0.1% vs. 0.0%) were rare, with no new safety signals identified.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.

  14. 22HumanNot a test of Retatrutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, serious adverse events were rare with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including retatrutide): 6.5% versus 5.2% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, serious side effects were rare with GLP-1 drugs as a group and about as rare with placebo.

    Peptide
    Retatrutide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedSerious adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Measurements

    Serious adverse event rate
    6.5%
    GLP-1 RA
    Serious adverse event rate
    5.2%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Serious AEs (6.5% vs. 5.2%) and deaths (0.1% vs. 0.0%) were rare, with no new safety signals identified.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Retatrutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Retatrutide.

  15. 23HumanNot a test of Cagrilintide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, serious adverse events were rare with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including cagrilintide-semaglutide): 6.5% versus 5.2% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, serious side effects were rare with GLP-1 drugs as a group and about as rare with placebo.

    Peptide
    Cagrilintide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedSerious adverse events, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Measurements

    Serious adverse event rate
    6.5%
    GLP-1 RA
    Serious adverse event rate
    5.2%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Serious AEs (6.5% vs. 5.2%) and deaths (0.1% vs. 0.0%) were rare, with no new safety signals identified.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Cagrilintide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Cagrilintide.

  16. 24HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, deaths were rare with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including liraglutide): 0.1% versus 0.0% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, deaths were rare with GLP-1 drugs as a group and with placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedDeaths, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body

    Measurements

    Death rate
    0.1%
    GLP-1 RA
    Death rate
    0%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Serious AEs (6.5% vs. 5.2%) and deaths (0.1% vs. 0.0%) were rare, with no new safety signals identified.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  17. 25HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, deaths were rare with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including semaglutide): 0.1% versus 0.0% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, deaths were rare with GLP-1 drugs as a group and with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedDeaths, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body

    Measurements

    Death rate
    0.1%
    GLP-1 RA
    Death rate
    0%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Serious AEs (6.5% vs. 5.2%) and deaths (0.1% vs. 0.0%) were rare, with no new safety signals identified.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  18. 26HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, deaths were rare with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including tirzepatide): 0.1% versus 0.0% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, deaths were rare with GLP-1 drugs as a group and with placebo.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedDeaths, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body

    Measurements

    Death rate
    0.1%
    GLP-1 RA
    Death rate
    0%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Serious AEs (6.5% vs. 5.2%) and deaths (0.1% vs. 0.0%) were rare, with no new safety signals identified.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.

  19. 27HumanNot a test of Retatrutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, deaths were rare with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including retatrutide): 0.1% versus 0.0% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, deaths were rare with GLP-1 drugs as a group and with placebo.

    Peptide
    Retatrutide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedDeaths, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body

    Measurements

    Death rate
    0.1%
    GLP-1 RA
    Death rate
    0%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Serious AEs (6.5% vs. 5.2%) and deaths (0.1% vs. 0.0%) were rare, with no new safety signals identified.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Retatrutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Retatrutide.

  20. 28HumanNot a test of Cagrilintide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, deaths were rare with pooled GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists (including cagrilintide-semaglutide): 0.1% versus 0.0% with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, deaths were rare with GLP-1 drugs as a group and with placebo.

    Peptide
    Cagrilintide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedDeaths, pooled GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body

    Measurements

    Death rate
    0.1%
    GLP-1 RA
    Death rate
    0%
    placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Serious AEs (6.5% vs. 5.2%) and deaths (0.1% vs. 0.0%) were rare, with no new safety signals identified.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To update our prior systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 25 816) were included, adding 14 new trials (n = 11 000) to the prior review.

    In this study, Cagrilintide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Cagrilintide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 7 to 8Current

    27 Oct 2026, 16:32 UTC

    The same notice was added 2 times, first on 14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  2. Version 6

    10 Oct 2026, 10:21 UTC

    Study results updated

  3. Versions 2 to 5

    9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC

    The same notice was added 4 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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