Synthetic analog · 7 amino acids · 1,025.2 Da

Bremelanotide (PT-141) studies and research data

PepBank has 32 PT-141 studies with results. 28 of them gave PT-141, with 128 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Searches 128 results and 109 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC

Results in people

100

78% of 128 results

Results in animals

14% of 128 results

Results in lab cells

7% of 128 results

From computer models

under 1% of 128 results

The molecule

PT-141 identity

Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.

Bremelanotide (PT-141) is the synthetic cyclic heptapeptide Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH, with a side-chain lactam between Asp and Lys. It has the same ring as Melanotan II but a free C-terminal acid instead of an amide. The FDA label describes it as a non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist (potency order MC1R, MC4R, MC3R, MC5R, MC2R) and states that its mechanism in HSDD is unknown. FDA approved it in 2019 as Vyleesi (bremelanotide acetate) for acquired, generalized HSDD in premenopausal women.

Kind: Synthetic analog · 7 residues
Identifiers: ChEMBLCHEMBL2070241 (opens in a new tab)PubChem CID9941379 (opens in a new tab)UNII6Y24O4F92S (opens in a new tab)DrugBankDB11653 (opens in a new tab)CAS189691-06-3PDB7F55 (opens in a new tab)KEGGD06569 (opens in a new tab)IUPHAR10408 (opens in a new tab)
Parent: Analog of Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) · residues 141-147GSRS bremelanotide lists INTERMEDINE (alpha-MSH, UNII OVF025LA77) as PARENT->DERIVATIVE. Same core as Melanotan II, which PubChem names 'Acetyl-(Nle4,Asp5,D-Phe7,Lys10)-cyclo-alpha-MSH (4-10) amide'; bremelanotide has a free C-terminal acid instead. alpha-MSH = POMC 138-150 (UniProt P01189).
Development: Approved in the US (Vyleesi, 2019)Palatin Technologies (developer; sponsor of the phase 2 and phase 3 trials); AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc was the applicant at FDA approval in 2019; NDA 210557 is now listed under Cosette (Drugs@FDA)Phase 3 trials NCT02333071 and NCT02338960 (Palatin). Later studies: phase 4 lactation study (Cosette, NCT06867835), phase 3 bridging study (Kwang Dong, NCT04943068), phase 2 with tirzepatide (Palatin, NCT06565611). Source (opens in a new tab)

Targets

Molecular targets with action and evidence source
Target	Action	Evidence
Melanocortin receptor 4MC4RP32245 (opens in a new tab)	Agonist	approved-drug labelSource (opens in a new tab)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptorMC1RQ01726 (opens in a new tab)	Agonist	approved-drug labelSource (opens in a new tab)
Melanocortin receptor 3MC3RP41968 (opens in a new tab)	Agonist	approved-drug labelSource (opens in a new tab)
Melanocortin receptor 5MC5RP33032 (opens in a new tab)	Agonist	approved-drug labelSource (opens in a new tab)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone receptorMC2RQ01718 (opens in a new tab)	Agonist	approved-drug labelSource (opens in a new tab)

Sequence and structure

Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.

Sequence

7 amino acids · 4 modifications

HRWK

-OH

Alignment to Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)

Calculated from the two sequences. Curated notes are shown as given.

3 of 7 aligned residues identical (43%) · 2 substitutions · 2 non-canonical residues · Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) 4–10

Top row: Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) (parent)
Bottom row: Bremelanotide (PT-141)

HRW

Same as parent
Substituted
Non-canonical or D-form
Added
Gap
Modified side chain or end
Parent context

Differences from the parent

1Parent 4 · analog 1Met → Nle · Non-canonical residuealpha-MSH numbering. N-terminal acetyl group on norleucine 1. L-norleucine (2-aminohexanoic acid); written X in the sequence. Takes the place of Met4 of alpha-MSH.
2Parent 5 · analog 2Glu → Asp · SubstitutionAsp side chain forms the lactam. Side-chain lactam (amide) between the Asp2 beta-carboxyl and the Lys7 epsilon-amino group; GSRS name '(2->7)-lactam'. Residues 2-7 form the ring.
3Parent 7 · analog 4Phe → D-Phe · D-amino acidD configuration. D-phenylalanine (alpha-MSH position 7). Written F in the one-letter sequence; the D configuration is recorded here.
4Parent 10 · analog 7Gly → Lys · SubstitutionLys side chain forms the lactam.

Basis: GSRS bremelanotide lists INTERMEDINE (alpha-MSH, UNII OVF025LA77) as PARENT->DERIVATIVE. Same core as Melanotan II, which PubChem names 'Acetyl-(Nle4,Asp5,D-Phe7,Lys10)-cyclo-alpha-MSH (4-10) amide'; bremelanotide has a free C-terminal acid instead. alpha-MSH = POMC 138-150 (UniProt P01189).

Calculated from the two sequences with @pepdb/chem alignToParent (ungapped unless a gap scores higher). The record’s curated notes are shown as given.

Properties

From identity sources

Formula: C₅₀H₆₈N₁₄O₁₀
Molecular weight: 1,025.2 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass: 1,024.5243 Da

GSRS UNII 6Y24O4F92S(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
PubChem CID 9941379(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
ChEMBL CHEMBL2070241(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
Curated FDA label (openFDA drug label, Vyleesi, effective 2025-11-13)(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08

Calculated from the sequence

pKa set

Some values cannot be calculated. The sequence has a non-canonical residue (X). Residue tables cover only the 20 standard amino acids.

Average mass: Not calculated
Monoisotopic mass: Not calculated
Isoelectric point (pI): Not calculated
Net charge at pH 7.4: Not calculated
GRAVY (hydropathy): Not calculated
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (Cys reduced): 5,500 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam)
Instability index: Not calculated
Aliphatic index: Not calculated
Boman index: Not calculated
Hydrophobic moment (μH): Not calculated

1 non-canonical residue (X) is not included in calculated values.
Not included: cyclization. Mass, charge and pI are not calculated; use the identity-source values.
D-amino acids have the same mass and charge as L forms. Hydrophobicity scales were measured on L forms.
Defined and validated for proteins; use with care for short peptides.
Assumes an ideal alpha helix. Many short peptides are not helical.

@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses

Net charge by pH

No charge curve

The sequence has a non-canonical residue (X). Residue tables cover only the 20 standard amino acids.

Composition

Aromatic29% (2)F W
Positive43% (3)H K R
Negative14% (1)D
Non-canonical14% (1)X

7 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.

A Ala0 · 0%

I Ile0 · 0%

L Leu0 · 0%

M Met0 · 0%

V Val0 · 0%

F Phe1 · 14%

W Trp1 · 14%

Y Tyr0 · 0%

H His1 · 14%

K Lys1 · 14%

R Arg1 · 14%

D Asp1 · 14%

E Glu0 · 0%

N Asn0 · 0%

Q Gln0 · 0%

S Ser0 · 0%

T Thr0 · 0%

C Cys0 · 0%

G Gly0 · 0%

P Pro0 · 0%

X Xaa1 · 14%

3D structure

ExperimentalPDB 7F55

Loads the 3D viewer (3Dmol.js, about 150 KB) and the model file from RCSB PDB.

2D structure

Draws the structure in your browser with RDKit (about 2.3 MB, loaded once).

SMILES fromPubChem CID 9941379(opens in a new tab)

CCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H]1CC(=O)NCCCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)CC2=CN=CN2)CC3=CC=CC=C3)CCCN=C(N)N)CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C

Results by area

PT-141 results by year and outcome

Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Studies by year

32 of 109 studies have results (29%), published 2003 to 2026. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about Bremelanotide (PT-141), by class. The rows use different scales.

Studies
Human
Animal
Lab
Computer model
Natural levels, tool or combination only

Studies109 in all, 2003 to 2026

Studies with results32 in all, 2003 to 2026

Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

What the studies measured

People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

PT-141 studies on sexual and women's health

52 results · people 38 · animals 12 · lab 2

Top 4 of 52 results

In premenopausal women with low sexual desire, bremelanotide raised desire scores more than placebo.Obstetrics and gynecology, 2019
In female rats, PT‑141 did not change how rewarding sex was perceived.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004
In premenopausal women with sexual dysfunction, bremelanotide led to more satisfying sexual events per month than placebo.Women's health, 2016
In premenopausal women with low sexual desire, bremelanotide improved desire questionnaire scores more than placebo after 6 months.Journal of patient-reported outcomes, 2020

PT-141 studies on side effects

31 results · people 31 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 5 of 31 results

More women had flushing with bremelanotide than with placebo in two trials.Obstetrics and gynecology, 2019
More women had nausea with bremelanotide than with placebo in two trials.Obstetrics and gynecology, 2019
More women had headache with bremelanotide than with placebo in two trials.Obstetrics and gynecology, 2019
In phase 3 trials, nausea was more common with bremelanotide than with placebo.Journal of women's health, 2022
In premenopausal women, twenty-six stopped because of blood pressure rises, and the share was similar in all four groups, placebo included.Journal of hypertension, 2017

PT-141 studies on blood levels and clearance

10 results · people 8 · animals 2 · lab 0

Top 3 of 10 results

In healthy adults, alcohol did not clinically change how bremelanotide moved through the body.Clinical therapeutics, 2017
In healthy men, blood peak levels of nasal PT‑141 rose as the dose went up.International journal of impotence research, 2004
Bremelanotide lowered blood levels of the drug indomethacin.Journal of women's health, 2022

PT-141 studies on heart and blood vessels

6 results · people 6 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 4 of 6 results

In premenopausal women, bremelanotide 1.25 mg raised systolic blood pressure slightly more than placebo for a short time after dosing.Journal of hypertension, 2017
In premenopausal women, bremelanotide 1.75 mg slowed the heart rate a little in the first hours after dosing.Journal of hypertension, 2017
In healthy adults, bremelanotide nasal doses did not cause significant drops in blood pressure.Clinical therapeutics, 2017
Bremelanotide caused small, short-lived rises in blood pressure.Journal of women's health, 2022

PT-141 studies on receptors and cell signals

10 results · people 5 · animals 3 · lab 2

Top 5 of 10 results

In women with low sexual desire, bremelanotide increased brain activity in the cerebellum while watching erotic videos, compared with placebo.Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2022
In cells, blocking melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 removed the effects of bremelanotide on survivin and cell death.Anticancer research, 2024
In women with low sexual desire, bremelanotide increased activity in a movement-planning brain area while watching erotic videos, compared with placebo.Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2022
In cells, adding extra survivin stopped bremelanotide from killing glioblastoma cells.Anticancer research, 2024
In women with low sexual desire, bremelanotide reduced activity in a body-sensation brain area while watching erotic videos, compared with placebo.Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2022

PT-141 studies on sex hormones and fertility

4 results · people 4 · animals 0 · lab 0

Top 3 of 4 results

In women with low sexual desire, bremelanotide raised levels of the hormone LH over 300 minutes.Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2022
In women with low sexual desire, bremelanotide raised levels of the hormone FSH over 300 minutes.Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2022
In women with low sexual desire, bremelanotide did not change estradiol levels.Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2022

PT-141 studies on weight and appetite

4 results · people 4 · animals 0 · lab 0

4 results

In obese women, bremelanotide lowered daily calorie intake by about 400 kcal compared with placebo.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2022
In obese women, bremelanotide caused more weight loss than placebo after 16 days.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2022
In obese women, bremelanotide lowered total calorie intake more than placebo over short treatment periods.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2022
In obese women, twice-daily bremelanotide caused more weight loss than placebo over short treatment periods.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2022

PT-141 studies on skin, hair and wounds

2 results · people 2 · animals 0 · lab 0

2 results

Patchy skin darkening was rare when bremelanotide was used as the label says.Journal of women's health, 2022
Patchy skin darkening occurred in more than one-third of people after up to 16 days of daily bremelanotide.Journal of women's health, 2022

PT-141 studies on survival and serious illness

1 result · people 1 · animals 0 · lab 0

1 result

No deaths were reported in the bremelanotide trials.Journal of women's health, 2022

PT-141 studies on use, access and costs

1 result · people 1 · animals 0 · lab 0

1 result

In phase 3 trials, fewer people on bremelanotide than on placebo went on to the open-label phase.Journal of women's health, 2022

PT-141 studies on daily life and fitness

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In female rats, PT‑141 did not cause a general rise in movement.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004

PT-141 studies on cancer

4 results · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 4

Top 3 of 4 results

In cells, bremelanotide lowered survivin, a protein that helps glioblastoma cells survive.Anticancer research, 2024
In cells, bremelanotide caused glioblastoma cells to die.Anticancer research, 2024
In cells, bremelanotide increased glioblastoma cell death caused by the chemotherapy drug temozolomide.Anticancer research, 2024

PT-141 studies on cells, genes and aging

1 result · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 1

1 result

In cells, the concentrations of bremelanotide that harmed glioblastoma cells were not toxic to normal human cells.Anticancer research, 2024

PT-141 studies on infections

1 result · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 0 · computer models 1

1 result

In computer models only, bremelanotide was flagged as a possible blocker of the virus's RNA polymerase enzyme.Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi, 2025

Trials and papers

PT-141 trials

Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.

StatusPhase

10 trials match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Trials on this page (10 of 10)

10 trials · 1 ongoing · 9 completed · 4 with posted results

Completed
Ongoing
Not yet recruiting
Stopped
Estimated dates (est.)
Results posted

2010201520202025

Ph 2
Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide in Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD)
NCT00425256
Feb 2006 to May 2007
Ph 2
Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and/or Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
NCT01382719
Jun 2011 to Sept 2012
Ph 3
HSDD
NCT02333071
Dec 2014 to 30 Jun 2017
Ph 3
HSDD
NCT02338960
Jan 2015 to 29 Jun 2017
Ph 1
Study to Evaluate Rate of Nausea in Healthy Premenopausal Female Subjects Treated With Single Dose of Bremelanotide Alone or With Zofran
NCT03973047
17 Jun 2019 to 20 Jul 2019
Ph 4
Role of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor in Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
NCT04179734
7 Oct 2019 to 6 Oct 2020
Ph 3
A Phase 3, Bridging, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneously Administered Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (With or Without Decreased Arousal)
NCT04943068
10 May 2021 to 16 May 2023
Ph 2
BREAKOUT
NCT05709444
26 Dec 2022 to 26 Apr 2024
Ph 2
BMT-801
NCT06565611
5 Aug 2024 to est. 31 Mar 2025
Ph 4
Single Dose of Vyleesi in Lactating Female Subjects to Measure the Concentration of Bremelanotide in Breast Milk
NCT06867835
11 Jul 2025 to 15 Nov 2025

10 trials · 1 ongoing · 9 completed · 4 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 4NCT06867835

Single Dose of Vyleesi in Lactating Female Subjects to Measure the Concentration of Bremelanotide in Breast Milk

Cosette Pharmaceuticals, Inc.n = 1011 Jul 2025 to 15 Nov 2025

Lactating Mother

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 13 Jan 2026

CompletedPhase 4Results postedNCT04179734

Role of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor in Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trustn = 407 Oct 2019 to 6 Oct 2020

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 9 Aug 2024

CompletedPhase 3NCT04943068

A Phase 3, Bridging, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneously Administered Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (With or Without Decreased Arousal)

Kwang Dong Pharmaceutical co., ltd.n = 19310 May 2021 to 16 May 2023

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 13 Nov 2024

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT02333071

1. Study to Evaluate the Efficacy/Safety of Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Palatin Technologies, Incn = 723Dec 2014 to 30 Jun 2017

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 9 Apr 2021

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT02338960

2. Study to Evaluate the Efficacy/Safety of Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Palatin Technologies, Incn = 714Jan 2015 to 29 Jun 2017

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 28 Jan 2021

Active, not recruitingPhase 2NCT06565611

A Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Co-Administration of Bremelanotide With Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obesity

Palatin Technologies, Incn = 1085 Aug 2024 to est. 31 Mar 2025

Obesity

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 6 Mar 2025

CompletedPhase 2NCT05709444

A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective Study of Bremelanotide in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Palatin Technologies, Incn = 1626 Dec 2022 to 26 Apr 2024

Kidney Disease

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 17 Oct 2024

CompletedPhase 2Results postedNCT01382719

Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and/or Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Palatin Technologies, Incn = 612Jun 2011 to Sept 2012

Female Sexual Arousal Disorder · Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 18 Dec 2014

CompletedPhase 2NCT00425256

Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide in Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD)

Palatin Technologies, IncFeb 2006 to May 2007

Sexual Arousal Disorder

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 23 Feb 2011

CompletedPhase 1NCT03973047

Study to Evaluate Rate of Nausea in Healthy Premenopausal Female Subjects Treated With Single Dose of Bremelanotide Alone or With Zofran

AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.n = 22817 Jun 2019 to 20 Jul 2019

Nausea

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 4 Apr 2022

Papers

Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.

Sort

Design

109 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.

Showing 12 of 109 studiesquery qry_c4060478bc89322824ddef58

Studies with results

32 studies in all, 11 on this page

Randomized controlled trial · 2019

6 results

Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials.

Kingsberg et al. 2019Obstetrics and gynecologyn = 1,247cited by 95

PMID 31599840PMC6819021DOI 10.1097/aog.0000000000003500PUB-31599840

Free to read · publisher termsCC BY-NC-ND6 results where Bremelanotide (PT-141) was given

Read at source See results (6)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2004

6 results

Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist.

Pfaus et al. 2004Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Americacited by 83

PMID 15226502PMC454387DOI 10.1073/pnas.0400491101PUB-15226502

Rights unknown6 results where Bremelanotide (PT-141) was given

Source link See results (6)

Randomized controlled trial · 2004

11 results

Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy males and patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction.

Diamond et al. 2004International journal of impotence researchcited by 80

PMID 14963471DOI 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901139PUB-14963471

Full text at the publisher11 results where Bremelanotide (PT-141) was given

Publisher page See results (11)

Other design · 2003

4 results

PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction.

Molinoff et al. 2003Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencescited by 75

PMID 12851303DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03167.xPUB-12851303

Full text at the publisher4 results where Bremelanotide (PT-141) was given

Publisher page See results (4)

Randomized controlled trial · 2006

4 results

An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist.

Diamond et al. 2006The journal of sexual medicinen = 18cited by 65

PMID 16839319DOI 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00268.xPUB-16839319

Full text at the publisher4 results where Bremelanotide (PT-141) was given

Publisher page See results (4)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2007

5 results

Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function.

Pfaus et al. 2007The journal of sexual medicinecited by 65

PMID 17958619DOI 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00610.xPUB-17958619

Full text at the publisher5 results where Bremelanotide (PT-141) was given

Publisher page See results (5)

Not a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) alone · 2021

3 results

Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the melanocortin-4 receptor.

Zhang et al. 2021Cell researchcited by 59

PMID 34433901PMC8563965DOI 10.1038/s41422-021-00552-3PUB-34433901

Rights unknown1 result where Bremelanotide (PT-141) was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Source link See results (3)

Randomized controlled trial · 2004

4 results

Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra.

Rosen et al. 2004International journal of impotence researchcited by 58

PMID 14999221DOI 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901200PUB-14999221

Full text at the publisher4 results where Bremelanotide (PT-141) was given

Publisher page See results (4)

Randomized controlled trial · 2016

6 results

Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial.

Clayton et al. 2016Women's health (London, England)cited by 58

PMID 27181790PMC5384512DOI 10.2217/whe-2016-0018PUB-27181790

Free to read · publisher termsCC BY-NC-ND6 results where Bremelanotide (PT-141) was given

Read at source See results (6)

Randomized controlled trial · 2005

2 results

Co-administration of low doses of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, and sildenafil to men with erectile dysfunction results in an enhanced erectile response.

Diamond et al. 2005Urologyn = 19cited by 33

PMID 15833522DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2004.10.060PUB-15833522

Full text at the publisher2 results where Bremelanotide (PT-141) was given

Publisher page See results (2)

Non-randomized trial · 2019

9 results

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

Simon et al. 2019Obstetrics and gynecologyn = 684cited by 30

PMID 31599847PMC6819023DOI 10.1097/aog.0000000000003514PUB-31599847

Free to read · publisher termsCC BY-NC-ND9 results where Bremelanotide (PT-141) was given

Read at source See results (9)

More studies

11 studies in all, 1 on this page

PubMed tag: Randomized Controlled Trial · 2008

Expression of concern

Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.

Safarinejad et al. 2008The Journal of urologycited by 28

PMID 18206919DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2007.10.063PUB-18206919

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page Read the notice

No result for Bremelanotide (PT-141) (13 studies on this page, 66 in all)

These studies name Bremelanotide (PT-141) but give no result for it (for example, the results concern another peptide in the study).

PubMed tag: Review · 2015

The Female Sexual Response: Current Models, Neurobiological Underpinnings and Agents Currently Approved or Under Investigation for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

Kingsberg et al. 2015CNS drugscited by 78

PMID 26519340DOI 10.1007/s40263-015-0288-1PUB-26519340

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Review · 2006

Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization.

Hadley et al. 2006Peptidescited by 65

PMID 16412534DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.01.029PUB-16412534

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Review · 2019

Bremelanotide: First Approval.

Dhillon et al. 2019Drugscited by 65

PMID 31429064DOI 10.1007/s40265-019-01187-wPUB-31429064

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Review · 2023

Targeting the central melanocortin system for the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Sweeney et al. 2023Nature reviews. Endocrinologycited by 52

PMID 37365323DOI 10.1038/s41574-023-00855-yPUB-37365323

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2018

Evaluation and Management of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

Clayton et al. 2018Sexual medicinecited by 42

PMID 29523488PMC5960024DOI 10.1016/j.esxm.2018.01.004PUB-29523488

Free to read · publisher termsCC BY-NC-ND

Read at source

PubMed tag: Meta-Analysis · 2018

2 results

Female Sexual Dysfunction and the Placebo Effect: A Meta-analysis.

Weinberger et al. 2018Obstetrics and gynecologycited by 38

PMID 29995725DOI 10.1097/aog.0000000000002733PUB-29995725

Full text at the publisher2 results

Publisher page See results (2)

PubMed tag: Review · 2007

Melanocortins in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunction.

Shadiack et al. 2007Current topics in medicinal chemistrycited by 37

PMID 17584134DOI 10.2174/156802607780906681PUB-17584134

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Systematic Review · 2020

Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

Mayer et al. 2020The Annals of pharmacotherapycited by 33

PMID 31893927DOI 10.1177/1060028019899152PUB-31893927

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PubMed tag: none · 2007

Melanocortin receptors, melanotropic peptides and penile erection.

King et al. 2007Current topics in medicinal chemistrycited by 31

PMID 17584130PMC2694735DOI 10.2174/156802607780906564PUB-17584130

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PubMed tag: Review · 2022

Medical Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction.

Nappi et al. 2022The Urologic clinics of North Americacited by 28

PMID 35428435DOI 10.1016/j.ucl.2022.02.001PUB-35428435

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PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2022

Bremelanotide for Treatment of Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire.

Edinoff et al. 2022Neurology internationalcited by 24

PMID 35076581PMC8788464DOI 10.3390/neurolint14010006PUB-35076581

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PubMed tag: none · 2021

Psychometric validation of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Desire/Arousal/Orgasm.

Derogatis et al. 2021Journal of patient-reported outcomescited by 23

PMID 34559353PMC8463644DOI 10.1186/s41687-021-00359-1PUB-34559353

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PubMed tag: Review · 2014

Melanocortin receptor agonists in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunctions: results from basic research and clinical studies.

Ückert et al. 2014Expert opinion on investigational drugscited by 22

PMID 25096243DOI 10.1517/13543784.2014.934805PUB-25096243

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Newer studies

PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.

Bremelanotide (PT-141) studies: 32 papers with results

Page 1 of 1

Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials.
Kingsberg SA · Obstetrics and gynecology · 2019
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial.
Clayton AH · Women's health (London, England) · 2016
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Reliability and validity of the elements of desire questionnaire in premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
Revicki DA · Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 1 result
Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program.
Clayton AH · Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 14 results
Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide.
Simon JA · Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide.
White WB · Journal of hypertension · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
RF01 | PMON43 Melanocortin-4 Receptor Agonism Enhances Sexual Brain Processing in Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 10 results
Phase I Randomized Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Bremelanotide Coadministered With Ethanol in Healthy Male and Female Participants.
Clayton AH · Clinical therapeutics · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Co-administration of low doses of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, and sildenafil to men with erectile dysfunction results in an enhanced erectile response.
Diamond LE · Urology · 2005
Randomized controlled trial · 2 results
An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist.
Diamond LE · The journal of sexual medicine · 2006
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy males and patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction.
Diamond LE · International journal of impotence research · 2004
Randomized controlled trial · 11 results
Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra.
Rosen RC · International journal of impotence research · 2004
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: Data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials.
Spana C · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Responder Analyses from a Phase 2b Dose-Ranging Study of Bremelanotide.
Althof S · The journal of sexual medicine · 2019
Randomized controlled trial · 1 result
Small Effects, Questionable Outcomes: Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.
Spielmans GI · Journal of sex research · 2024
Randomized controlled trial · 3 results
Female Sexual Desire, Arousal, and Orgasmic Dysfunctions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Options.
Toledo RG · Journal of minimally invasive gynecology · 2026
Systematic review · 3 results
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.
Simon JA · Obstetrics and gynecology · 2019
Non-randomized trial · 9 results
The Patient Experience of Premenopausal Women Treated with Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: RECONNECT Exit Study Results.
Koochaki P · Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021
Observational study · 3 results
First-time orgasm in a young man with lifelong anorgasmia after flibanserin use: a case report.
Saffati G · Sexual medicine · 2023
Case report or series · 1 result
PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction.
Molinoff PB · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2003
Other design · 4 results
Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist.
Pfaus JG · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2004
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 6 results
Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function.
Pfaus J · The journal of sexual medicine · 2007
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 5 results
Ultra-sensitive quantification of the therapeutic cyclic peptide bremelanotide utilizing UHPLC-MS/MS for evaluation of its oral plasma pharmacokinetics.
Sauter M · Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2020
Animal study (in vivo) · beagle dog · 6 results
Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
Borland JM · Neuropharmacology · 2025
Animal study (in vivo) · syrian hamster · 2 results
A biodegradable suction patch for sustainable transbuccal peptide delivery
Krupke H · Journal of Controlled Release · 2025
Animal study (in vivo) · 2 results
Pharmacological profiling of neuropeptides on rabbit vaginal wall and vaginal artery smooth muscle in vitro.
Aughton KL · British journal of pharmacology · 2008
Ex vivo tissue · rabbit · 4 results
Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma Cells via Suppression of Survivin Expression.
Suzuki S · Anticancer research · 2024
In vitro (cells) · 7 results
FDA-approved drugs as potential covalent inhibitors of key SARS-CoV-2 proteins: an in silico approach.
Serilmez M · Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi · 2025
In silico · 1 result
Comprehensive characterization of bremelanotide acetate and its degradants by LC-HRMS/MS and predicting epimerization through computational modelling.
Yuvaraaj VK · Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications · 2026
Not a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) alone · 9 results
Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the melanocortin-4 receptor.
Zhang H · Cell research · 2021
Not a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) alone · 3 results
Effect Size in Efficacy Trials of Women With Decreased Sexual Desire.
Pyke RE · Sexual medicine reviews · 2018
Not a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) alone · 1 result
LC-HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancing drugs.
Mestria S · Drug testing and analysis · 2021
Not a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) alone · 1 result

Status and safety

Regulatory and safety

Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction, with date and source
Jurisdiction	Body	Status	As of	Source
US	FDA	Vyleesi · 21 Jun 2019	9 Oct 2026	accessdata.fda.gov (opens in a new tab)
EU	EMA	No centrally authorised, withdrawn or refused medicine and no orphan designation for this substance in the EMA data files (medicines file, all statuses, timestamp 2026-10-09T06:23:44Z; orphan designations file timestamp 2026-10-09T06:32:20Z). National authorisations in EU member states were not checked. No EU marketing authorisation application found.	9 Oct 2026	ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab)
Sport	WADA	Not listed as banned by WADA It is FDA-approved, so S0 (non-approved substances) does not apply by its wording.	2026 List	wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab)
South Korea	Note	Kwang Dong Pharmaceutical holds Korean rights (licence from Palatin, 2017, per Korean trade press) and completed a Korean bridging phase 3 trial (NCT04943068, completed 2023-05-16, 193 participants). A Korean news report of 2024-12-09 says a marketing application to the regulator (MFDS) was planned. A marketing authorisation in Korea was not found.	9 Oct 2026	clinicaltrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

Safety outcomes

42 safety results for Bremelanotide (PT-141).

Human evidence· 40

In premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, nausea was more frequent with bremelanotide than with placebo, at 10% or more in both studies.
Randomized controlled trialn = 1,247
Nausea incidence
≥ 10%
bremelanotide, both studies
In premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, flushing was more frequent with bremelanotide than with placebo, at 10% or more in both studies.
Randomized controlled trialn = 1,247
Flushing incidence
≥ 10%
bremelanotide, both studies
In premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, headache was more frequent with bremelanotide than with placebo, at 10% or more in both studies.
Randomized controlled trialn = 1,247
Headache incidence
≥ 10%
bremelanotide, both studies
In premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, most treatment-emergent adverse events with bremelanotide were related to tolerability and were mild or moderate in intensity.
Randomized controlled trialn = 1,247
In the integrated double-blind phase 3 studies, nausea was more frequent with bremelanotide than with placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 1,247
Incidence
40%
bremelanotide
Incidence
1.3%
placebo
In the integrated double-blind phase 3 studies, flushing was more frequent with bremelanotide than with placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 1,247
Incidence
20.3%
bremelanotide
Incidence
1.3%
placebo
In the integrated double-blind phase 3 studies, headache was more frequent with bremelanotide than with placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 1,247
Incidence
11.3%
bremelanotide
Incidence
1.9%
placebo
In the integrated double-blind phase 3 studies, injection site reactions were more frequent with bremelanotide than with placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 1,247
Incidence
5.4 not stated
bremelanotide
Incidence
0.5 not stated
placebo

The top 24 of 40 results.

Doses studied · 17

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

1.75 mgHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
24 weeks
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 1,202
1.25 and 1.75 mg pooledHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
12 weeks
Design
Randomized controlled trial
1.75 mgHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
24 weeks
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 1,202
1.25 mgHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
Not reported
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 397
1.75 mgHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
Not reported
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 397
0.75, 1.25 and 1.75 mgHuman
Species
human
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
Not reported
Design
Randomized controlled trial · n = 397

Doses studied in the study results, as given in the studies.
Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design
1.75 mg	Human	human	subcutaneous	24 weeks	Randomized controlled trial · n = 1,202
1.25 and 1.75 mg pooled	Human	human	subcutaneous	12 weeks	Randomized controlled trial
1.75 mg	Human	human	subcutaneous	24 weeks	Randomized controlled trial · n = 1,202
1.25 mg	Human	human	subcutaneous	Not reported	Randomized controlled trial · n = 397
1.75 mg	Human	human	subcutaneous	Not reported	Randomized controlled trial · n = 397
0.75, 1.25 and 1.75 mg	Human	human	subcutaneous	Not reported	Randomized controlled trial · n = 397

6 of 17 shown

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Data

Data and API

Data version, change history and code for this peptide.

Data version 30856030 Oct 2026

Peptide

Peptide id: PEP-000031
Peptide version: 9
Peptide hash: 816e9b406fc39c5c…
Data version: 308560

Latest changes

27 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 256766
22 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 254568
21 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 213656
14 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 194717
13 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 173558
12 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 165133

For developers

curl -s https://pepbank.io/v1/briefs/pt-141

Evidence summary for Bremelanotide (PT-141): counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.

Peptide as JSON Evidence summary as JSON

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Sexual functionReproductive and sexual health	Human: 38 results from 16 studies: 26 increase, 6 decrease, 4 no significant change, 1 mixed, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 12 results from 4 studies: 4 increase, 8 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	52
Adverse eventsWhole body	Human: 29 results from 9 studies: 6 increase, 8 no significant change, 15 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	29
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	Human: 8 results from 3 studies: 2 increase, 2 decrease, 2 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 2 results from 2 studies: 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	10
Receptor activity and mechanismNervous system and cognition	Human: 5 results from 1 study: 4 increase, 1 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 3 results from 3 studies: 2 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 no significant change. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	10
Blood pressureCardiovascular	Human: 5 results from 3 studies: 4 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	5
Sex hormones and fertilityEndocrine and hormones	Human: 4 results from 1 study: 2 increase, 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	4
Appetite and food intakeMetabolic and weight	Human: 2 results from 1 study: 2 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	2
Body weightMetabolic and weight	Human: 2 results from 1 study: 2 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	2
Gastrointestinal adverse eventsGastrointestinal	Human: 2 results from 2 studies: 1 increase, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	2
PigmentationSkin and wound	Human: 2 results from 1 study: 1 increase, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	2
Heart functionCardiovascular	Human: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	1
MortalityWhole body	Human: 1 result from 1 study: 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	1

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
Sexual functionReproductive and sexual health	Human: 38 results from 16 studies: 26 increase, 6 decrease, 4 no significant change, 1 mixed, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 12 results from 4 studies: 4 increase, 8 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	52
Adverse eventsWhole body	Human: 29 results from 9 studies: 6 increase, 8 no significant change, 15 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	29
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	Human: 8 results from 3 studies: 2 increase, 2 decrease, 2 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 2 results from 2 studies: 2 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	10
Receptor activity and mechanismNervous system and cognition	Human: 5 results from 1 study: 4 increase, 1 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	Animal: 3 results from 3 studies: 2 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 2 results from 1 study: 2 no significant change. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	10
Blood pressureCardiovascular	Human: 5 results from 3 studies: 4 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	5
Sex hormones and fertilityEndocrine and hormones	Human: 4 results from 1 study: 2 increase, 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	4
Appetite and food intakeMetabolic and weight	Human: 2 results from 1 study: 2 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	2
Body weightMetabolic and weight	Human: 2 results from 1 study: 2 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	2
Gastrointestinal adverse eventsGastrointestinal	Human: 2 results from 2 studies: 1 increase, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	2
PigmentationSkin and wound	Human: 2 results from 1 study: 1 increase, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	2
Heart functionCardiovascular	Human: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	1
MortalityWhole body	Human: 1 result from 1 study: 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial	No results	No results	No results	1

Bremelanotide (PT-141) studies and research data

PT-141 identity

Targets

Sequence and structure

Sequence

Alignment to Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)

Properties

Net charge by pH

Composition

3D structure

2D structure

PT-141 results by year and outcome

What the studies measured

PT-141 studies on sexual and women's health

PT-141 studies on side effects

PT-141 studies on blood levels and clearance

PT-141 studies on heart and blood vessels

PT-141 studies on receptors and cell signals

PT-141 studies on sex hormones and fertility

PT-141 studies on weight and appetite

PT-141 studies on skin, hair and wounds

PT-141 studies on survival and serious illness

PT-141 studies on use, access and costs

PT-141 studies on daily life and fitness

PT-141 studies on cancer

PT-141 studies on cells, genes and aging

PT-141 studies on infections

PT-141 trials

Single Dose of Vyleesi in Lactating Female Subjects to Measure the Concentration of Bremelanotide in Breast Milk

Role of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor in Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

A Phase 3, Bridging, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneously Administered Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (With or Without Decreased Arousal)

1. Study to Evaluate the Efficacy/Safety of Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

2. Study to Evaluate the Efficacy/Safety of Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

A Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Co-Administration of Bremelanotide With Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obesity

A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective Study of Bremelanotide in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and/or Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide in Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD)

Study to Evaluate Rate of Nausea in Healthy Premenopausal Female Subjects Treated With Single Dose of Bremelanotide Alone or With Zofran

Papers

Studies with results

Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials.

Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy males and patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction.

PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction.

An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist.

Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function.

Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the melanocortin-4 receptor.

Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra.

Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial.

Co-administration of low doses of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, and sildenafil to men with erectile dysfunction results in an enhanced erectile response.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

More studies

Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.

The Female Sexual Response: Current Models, Neurobiological Underpinnings and Agents Currently Approved or Under Investigation for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization.

Bremelanotide: First Approval.

Targeting the central melanocortin system for the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Evaluation and Management of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

Female Sexual Dysfunction and the Placebo Effect: A Meta-analysis.

Melanocortins in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunction.

Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

Melanocortin receptors, melanotropic peptides and penile erection.

Medical Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction.

Bremelanotide for Treatment of Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire.

Psychometric validation of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Desire/Arousal/Orgasm.

Melanocortin receptor agonists in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunctions: results from basic research and clinical studies.

Newer studies

Bremelanotide (PT-141) studies: 32 papers with results

Regulatory and safety

Human evidence· 40

Doses studied · 17

Data and API

Peptide

Latest changes

For developers

Related peptides

PT-141 results by year and outcome

PT-141 studies on sexual and women's health

PT-141 studies on side effects

PT-141 studies on blood levels and clearance