Comprehensive characterization of bremelanotide acetate and its degradants by LC-HRMS/MS and predicting epimerization through computational modelling.

Yuvaraaj VK, Sharma N

Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications20 Aug 2026

PMID42485063DOI10.1039/d6ay01098aPepBankPUB-42485063

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, Bremelanotide (PT-141) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Bremelanotide (PT-141).

01LabNot a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
In forced degradation studies, bremelanotide degraded less under acidic conditions than under basic conditions.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, bremelanotide broke down less in acid than in base.
Peptide
Bremelanotide (PT-141)
Outcome
Not applicableDegradation under acidic versus basic conditions
Study
n: not reported in source
Forced degradation of bremelanotide acetate in solution
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
lower degradation under acidic conditions compared with basic conditions
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Stress degradation studies were conducted according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines under acidic, basic, neutral hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions.
In this study, Bremelanotide (PT-141) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Bremelanotide (PT-141).
Report a problemFND-4248506301
02LabNot a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
In forced degradation studies, bremelanotide was significantly susceptible to oxidative conditions.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, bremelanotide broke down easily under oxidative stress.
Peptide
Bremelanotide (PT-141)
Outcome
Not applicableSusceptibility to oxidative degradation
Study
n: not reported in source
Forced degradation of bremelanotide acetate in solution
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
showed significant susceptibility to oxidative conditions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Stress degradation studies were conducted according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines under acidic, basic, neutral hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions.
In this study, Bremelanotide (PT-141) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Bremelanotide (PT-141).
Report a problemFND-4248506302
03LabNot a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
Bremelanotide also degraded under thermal and photolytic stress conditions.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, bremelanotide also broke down under heat and light.
Peptide
Bremelanotide (PT-141)
Outcome
Not applicableDegradation under thermal and photolytic stress
Study
n: not reported in source
Forced degradation of bremelanotide acetate in solution
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Furthermore, degradation was also observed under thermal and photolytic stress conditions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Stress degradation studies were conducted according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines under acidic, basic, neutral hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions.
In this study, Bremelanotide (PT-141) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Bremelanotide (PT-141).
Report a problemFND-4248506303
04LabNot a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
LC-HRMS/MS detected and characterized eight degradation products of bremelanotide.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, eight breakdown products of bremelanotide were found and described.
Peptide
Bremelanotide (PT-141)
Outcome
Not applicableNumber of degradation products
Study
n: not reported in source
Forced degradation of bremelanotide acetate in solution
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
A total of eight degradation products were detected and characterized by LC-HRMS/MS.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Stress degradation studies were conducted according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines under acidic, basic, neutral hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions.
In this study, Bremelanotide (PT-141) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Bremelanotide (PT-141).
Report a problemFND-4248506304
05LabNot a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Mechanism
The major degradation pathways of bremelanotide were deacetylation, peptide-bond hydrolysis, oxidation and epimerization.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, bremelanotide mainly broke down by losing an acetyl group, splitting peptide bonds, oxidation and a change in shape of its atoms.
Peptide
Bremelanotide (PT-141)
Outcome
Not applicableMajor degradation pathways
Study
n: not reported in source
Forced degradation of bremelanotide acetate in solution
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The major degradation pathways involved deacetylation, peptide-bond hydrolysis, oxidation, and epimerization.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Stress degradation studies were conducted according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines under acidic, basic, neutral hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions.
In this study, Bremelanotide (PT-141) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Bremelanotide (PT-141).
Report a problemFND-4248506305
06LabNot a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
Epimerized bremelanotide products were identified, and probable stereochemical sites were predicted by energy minimization correlated with MS/MS fragment intensities.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, shape-changed forms of bremelanotide were found, and the likely sites of change were predicted by computer.
Peptide
Bremelanotide (PT-141)
Outcome
Not applicableEpimerized degradation products and predicted sites
Study
n: not reported in source
Forced degradation of bremelanotide acetate in solution
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Epimerized products were identified, and probable stereochemical sites were predicted using energy minimization by correlating steric energies with MS/MS fragment relative intensities.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Stress degradation studies were conducted according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines under acidic, basic, neutral hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions.
In this study, Bremelanotide (PT-141) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Bremelanotide (PT-141).
Report a problemFND-4248506306
07LabNot a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
The stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for bremelanotide showed excellent linearity over 25-150 µg mL-1 (r2 0.9993).
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the measuring method for bremelanotide gave a very straight-line response over the tested range.
Peptide
Bremelanotide (PT-141)
Outcome
Not applicableLinearity of the RP-HPLC method
Study
n: not reported in source
Forced degradation of bremelanotide acetate in solution
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Measurements
Linearity range
25 to 150 µg/mL
RP-HPLC
Coefficient of determination r2
0.9993 none
RP-HPLC linearity
Source sentences
Summary
Excellent linearity was achieved over 25-150 µg mL^-1 with a coefficient of determination (r²) of 0.9993.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Stress degradation studies were conducted according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines under acidic, basic, neutral hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions.
In this study, Bremelanotide (PT-141) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Bremelanotide (PT-141).
Report a problemFND-4248506307
08LabNot a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
The stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for bremelanotide was partially validated and showed satisfactory system suitability, precision and accuracy.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the measuring method for bremelanotide was partly checked and gave acceptable, repeatable and accurate results.
Peptide
Bremelanotide (PT-141)
Outcome
Not applicableValidation of the stability-indicating RP-HPLC method
Study
n: not reported in source
RP-HPLC method for bremelanotide
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The method was partially validated and showed satisfactory system suitability, precision, and accuracy.
In this study, Bremelanotide (PT-141) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Bremelanotide (PT-141).
Report a problemFND-4248506309
09Computer modelNot a test of Bremelanotide (PT-141) aloneIn silicoOther
ProTox-3.0 in silico prediction placed most bremelanotide degradation products in toxicity class 5 and two hydrolytic products in class 4.
In plain wordsIn computer predictions, most breakdown products of bremelanotide fell in a low toxicity class, and two fell in a somewhat higher class.
Peptide
Bremelanotide (PT-141)
Outcome
Not applicablePredicted toxicity of degradation products
Study
n: not reported in source
ProTox-3.0 in silico toxicity prediction
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
ProTox-3.0-based in silico toxicity prediction indicated that most degradation products belonged to toxicity class 5, while two hydrolytic products were classified as class 4.
In this study, Bremelanotide (PT-141) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Bremelanotide (PT-141).
Report a problemFND-4248506308

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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MeSH terms

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