Peptides / Weight and metabolic

Natural peptide · 39 amino acids · 4,187 Da

Exenatide (exendin-4)

ApprovedNot banned in sport

Exenatide is a synthetic form of exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist used in approved medicines for type 2 diabetes, such as Byetta. Studies in people tested it for blood sugar control and weight, and tracked stomach side effects. PepBank shows 2,193 results on exenatide from 319 studies in people, and 1,099 from animal and lab studies. The strongest evidence is a randomized trial in people. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Also known as AC-2993, AC2993, Bydureon, Bydureon BCise, Byetta, Exenatide and 1 more

39 amino acids, from first to last1 changed amino acid

Evidence level: Large trials in people2,193 of 3,292 results come from studies in people, including randomized trials.

Results in people

2,193

67% of 3,292 results

Results in animals

955

29% of 3,292 results

Results in lab cells

144

4% of 3,292 results

From computer models

0% of 3,292 results

Overview

Exenatide (exendin-4) at a glance

What it is	Natural peptide, 39 amino acids
Approval	Approved in the US (Byetta)
In sport	Not listed as banned by WADA
Studies	530 studies with results. 473 of them gave exenatide, with 3,292 results. 2,193 in people955 in animals144 in lab cells
Best study in people	Randomized controlled trial with 14,752 people (2017)
Clinical trials	322 registered: 11 active or planned, 125 with posted results
Community use	Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The science

What is exenatide?

A synthetic version of the natural exendin-4 peptide, used in approved type 2 diabetes medicines.

Amino acids in one chain

The history of exenatide

1996
The oldest paper on exenatide in PepBank is from 1996.
2006September
A registered trial of exenatide started (NCT00359762).

Exenatide (exendin-4) structure and chemistry

The key facts about the molecule. Long codes are in the closed section below.

Sequence, 39 amino acidsFrom the first amino acid to the last

H1G−EGT5FTS−DL10S+KQM−E15−E−EAV+R20LFI−EW25L+KNGG30PSSGA35PPPS

Darker means more water-repelling+ and − show charge in the bodyOutlined: changed amino acid

Structure

Exenatide (exendin-4) is a natural peptide of 39 amino acids, with no ring, 1 changed amino acid.

Formula

C₁₈₄H₂₈₂N₅₀O₆₀S

Molecular weight

4,187 g/mol

CAS number

141758-74-9

Target

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (gene GLP1R): agonistEvidence: official prescribing information

Development

Amylin Pharmaceuticals and partners. Highest phase: past the trial stage (see status).

Identifiers

PubChem 45588096, UNII 9P1872D4OL

Full sequence, SMILES and InChIKey

InChIKey
HTQBXNHDCUEHJF-XWLPCZSASA-N

SMILES
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N6CCC[C@H]6C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC7=CC=CC=C7)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC8=CC=CC=C8)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC9=CNC=N9)N

See charge, composition and 3D structure on the Scientific page

The evidence

What exenatide studies show

Results grouped by what the studies measured. Each card shows where its results come from.

Large trials in people2,193 of 3,292 results come from studies in people, including randomized trials.

Blood sugar

899 results · 717 in people · 175 animal · 7 lab

In patients with diabetes on metformin, exenatide reduced treatment failure compared with glimepiride. Lancet, 2012

Top results

In patients with diabetes on metformin, exenatide reduced treatment failure compared with glimepiride. (Lancet, 2012)
In early diabetes, maximum insulin secretory capacity did not change significantly with exenatide compared with baseline. (Diabetes care, 2014)
In men during a glucose test, exenatide reduced liver insulin resistance compared with placebo. (Hepatology, 2016)

Weight and appetite

375 results · 276 in people · 99 animal

In adolescents with obesity, exenatide reduced BMI-SDS more than placebo. Pediatric obesity, 2020

Top results

In adolescents with obesity, exenatide reduced BMI-SDS more than placebo. (Pediatric obesity, 2020)
In adults with craniopharyngioma-related obesity, results supported a greater hunger score reduction with exenatide than placebo. (European journal of endocrinology, 2024)
In adults with type 1 diabetes, exenatide reduced total fat mass more than placebo. (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2020)

Heart and blood vessels

292 results · 210 in people · 69 animal · 13 lab

In heart attack patients receiving PPCI, exenatide and placebo produced similar infarct sizes. Basic research in cardiology, 2021

Top results

In heart attack patients receiving PPCI, exenatide and placebo produced similar infarct sizes. (Basic research in cardiology, 2021)
In patients taking lisinopril, exenatide did not significantly change diastolic blood pressure versus placebo. (International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2009)
In type 2 diabetes, exenatide did not significantly reduce the combined cardiovascular outcome compared with placebo. (The New England journal of medicine, 2017)

Cholesterol and blood fats

119 results · 98 in people · 20 animal · 1 lab

In patients with diabetes, exenatide reduced total lipoprotein more than insulin at weeks 16 and 40. Cardiovascular diabetology, 2020

Top results

In patients with diabetes, exenatide reduced total lipoprotein more than insulin at weeks 16 and 40. (Cardiovascular diabetology, 2020)
In diabetes treated with metformin, exenatide improved HDL cholesterol more than glimepiride. (Cardiovascular diabetology, 2015)
In mice, exendin‑4 reduced fat accumulation in kidney filters. (Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2007)

Immune system and inflammation

153 results · 73 in people · 69 animal · 11 lab

In adults with type 1 diabetes, interleukin-2 did not change with exenatide compared with placebo. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2020

Top results

In adults with type 1 diabetes, interleukin-2 did not change with exenatide compared with placebo. (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2020)
In exenatide QW patients, antibody frequency declined to 45.4% at 52 weeks. (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2012)
In adults with diabetes on metformin, vaspin did not differ between exenatide and placebo. (Pharmacotherapy, 2013)

Kidneys and bladder

94 results · 73 in people · 21 animal

In T2DM with kidney disease, exenatide plus glargine reduced urine albumin more than lispro plus glargine. American journal of nephrology, 2020

Top results

In T2DM with kidney disease, exenatide plus glargine reduced urine albumin more than lispro plus glargine. (American journal of nephrology, 2020)
Exenatide did not change kidney filtration compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. (Diabetologia, 2016)
In patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria, urine albumin fell 7.7% on average from baseline with exenatide, but the range included no change. (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2023)

All 530 exenatide studies by area Open the Scientific page

Key exenatide studies

Studies in people come first, then studies in animals and in the lab.

People
Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Holman et al. 2017 · The New England journal of medicine · 14,752 people · cited by 1,607
11 results
People
Sex differences in the complications, care and clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL)
Green et al. 2023 · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 14,752 people · cited by 2
2 results
People
Subcutaneous infusion of exenatide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial
Ruff et al. 2022 · Nature medicine · 4,156 people · cited by 85
4 results
People
Efficacy of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist Exenatide in Patients Undergoing CABG or Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Kjaergaard et al. 2025 · Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions · 1,389 people · cited by 3
2 results
People
Exenatide twice daily versus glimepiride for prevention of glycaemic deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes with metformin failure (EUREXA): an open-label, randomised controlled trial
Gallwitz et al. 2012 · Lancet (London, England) · 977 people · cited by 130
10 results

All 530 Exenatide (exendin-4) studies

Exenatide clinical trials

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 322 trials of exenatide. 11 are active or planned, and 125 have posted results. PepBank does not show trial results.

Solid bars are dates that happened. Hatched bars are planned dates. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering Trial (EXSCEL): A Trial To Evaluate Cardiovascular Outcomes After Treatment With Exenatide Once Weekly In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Phase 3completed14,752 people

A Trial Comparing Two Therapies: Basal Insulin/Glargine, Exenatide and Metformin Therapy (BET) or Basal Insulin/Glargine, Bolus Insulin Lispro and Metformin Therapy (BBT) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Phase 3completed1,036 people

Exenatide Versus Glimepiride in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Phase 3completed1,029 people

All 194 Exenatide (exendin-4) trials

Status and safety

Is exenatide approved?

FDA

United States

Approved

An approved medicine contains it.

EMA

European Union

Withdrawn

Withdrawn.

WADA

Sport

Not banned

Not on the 2026 Prohibited List.

Yes. Approved in the US (Byetta). The FDA label for Byetta says: “Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus” No central EU authorisation (EMA). Not listed as banned by WADA.

Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Exenatide side effects and safety

PepBank has 449 safety results from studies of exenatide. 415 of them come from studies in people.

Safety results from studies (449)

In type 2 diabetes, exenatide met the trial's cardiovascular safety noninferiority criterion compared with placebo. (The New England journal of medicine, 2017)
In patients with diabetes and cardiovascular risk, ITCA 650 met the non-inferiority criterion versus placebo for the combined cardiovascular outcome. (Nature medicine, 2022)
In adolescents with diabetes, no low blood sugar events occurred during the exenatide study. (Clinical therapeutics, 2009)
In healthy people, exenatide did not prolong corrected heart electrical timing compared with placebo. (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2013)
In cardiac surgery patients, side effect rates did not significantly differ between exenatide and placebo. (Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions, 2025)
In people with diabetes, symptomatic hypoglycemia rates were similar between the two exenatide meal schedules. (Current medical research and opinion, 2008)
In patients with type 2 diabetes, digestive adverse events were more frequent with exenatide than detemir. (Diabetes care, 2013)
In men with diabetes and heart failure, no serious side effect occurred during the exenatide trial. (Diabetologia, 2012)
In the stroke trial, no major adverse events were reported, including in exenatide recipients. (Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2019)
In adults with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin glargine, minor low blood sugar rates were similar with exenatide and placebo. (Annals of internal medicine, 2011)
In Polish patients with diabetes, low blood sugar was uncommon with both exenatide and insulin glargine. (Endokrynologia Polska, 2013)
In people with T2D, bone fractures occurred at similar rates with once-weekly exenatide and placebo. (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2025)
Exenatide increased resting pulse more in Asian patients than in other racial groups. (Cardiovascular diabetology, 2022)
In patients with diabetes, exenatide reduced documented low blood sugar with symptoms compared with glimepiride. (Lancet, 2012)
In type 2 diabetes, nausea was less frequent with exenatide than liraglutide, and it became less frequent over time in both groups. (Lancet, 2013)
In type 2 diabetes, exenatide and semaglutide had similar safety profiles. (Diabetes care, 2018)
In patients with diabetes, nausea was more frequent with weekly exenatide than sitagliptin and decreased over time. (Postgraduate medicine, 2013)
In Asian patients with diabetes, nausea was less frequent with weekly than twice-daily exenatide. (Journal of diabetes investigation, 2013)
In adults with diabetes, adverse event rates were similar with exenatide and lixisenatide. (Diabetes care, 2013)
Symptomatic low blood sugar occurred at similar rates with exenatide and insulin glargine. (Annals of internal medicine, 2005)
In Asian patients with diabetes, nausea was generally mild to moderate and occurred more often with exenatide than placebo. (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2009)
In adults with type 2 diabetes, nausea lasted longer with exenatide than with liraglutide. (Lancet, 2009)
In diabetes, stomach and bowel side effects were more frequent when exenatide was added to insulin than when placebo was added. (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2018)
In patients with diabetes, more patients discontinued exenatide than insulin glargine because of side effects. (Lancet, 2010)

See every safety result on the Scientific page

Doses studied (40 shown)

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design	Source
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	Not reported	Randomized trial in people · n = 14,752	Holman 2017
17.4 µg	Human	human	infusion	during cardiopulmonary bypass and first hour after weaning	Randomized trial in people · n = 1,389	Kjaergaard 2025
2.0 mg	Human	human	subcutaneous	56 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 813	Ahmann 2018
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	injection	26 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 776	Buse 2013
10 μg twice daily	Human	human	Not reported	24 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 634	Rosenstock 2013
5 microg twice daily for 4 weeks, then 10 microg twice daily for 12 weeks	Human	human	Not reported	16 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 466	Gao 2009
10 microg twice daily	Human	human	Not reported	26 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 464	Buse 2009
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	Not reported	28 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 464	Guja 2018
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	injection	26 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 448	Diamant 2010
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	Not reported	26 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 427	Inagaki 2012
5-mug for 4 weeks, then 10-microg for 8 weeks	Human	human	Not reported	4 weeks, then 8 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 377	Forti 2008
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	Not reported	28 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 375	Wysham 2018
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	injection	26 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 326	Bergenstal 2010
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	Not reported	30 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 295	Drucker 2008
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	Not reported	24 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 252	Blevins 2011
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	Not reported	26 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 216	Davies 2013
10 pg BID	Human	human	Not reported	16 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 138	Barnett 2007
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	26 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 127	Klausen 2022
17.4 μg	Human	human	infusion	6 hours and 15 minutes	Randomized trial in people · n = 120	Wiberg 2016
10 μg three times daily	Human	human	subcutaneous	26 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 108	Johansen 2020
0.05 µg/min for 1 hour, then 0.025 µg/min	Human	human	intravenous	Not reported	Randomized trial in people · n = 104	Besch 2017
10-20μg daily	Human	human	Not reported	12 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 100	Tao 2021
1-h bolus of 0.05 µg/min followed by 0.025 µg/min infusion	Human	human	intravenous	first 48 h after surgical incision	Randomized trial in people · n = 92	Besch 2018
10 μg/h for 30 min, then 0.84 μg/h for 72 h	Human	human	intravenous	72 h	Randomized trial in people · n = 91	Roos 2016
10 µg twice daily	Human	human	subcutaneous	4 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 86	Berg 2011
2 mcg weekly	Human	human	Not reported	Not reported	Randomized trial in people · n = 79	Herold 2020
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	Not reported	24 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 72	Tamborlane 2022
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	48 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 60	Athauda 2017
5 microg BID for 4 weeks followed by 10 microg BID	Human	human	Not reported	12 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 54	Gill 2010
2 mg weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	48 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 50	Vijiaratnam 2025
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	6 months	Randomized trial in people · n = 44	Weghuber 2020
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	Not reported	12 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 40	Ma 2021
2 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	32 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 32	Dei 2024
10 microg twice daily	Human	human	subcutaneous	Not reported	Randomized trial in people · n = 22	Linnebjerg 2009
0.12 pmol/kg/min	Human	human	intravenous	6 h	Randomized trial in people · n = 20	Nathanson 2012
2.5 and 5 microg	Human	human	subcutaneous	single dose	Randomized trial in people · n = 13	Malloy 2009
5 microg	Human	human	subcutaneous	single dose	Randomized trial in people · n = 12	Malloy 2009
2.5 microg	Human	human	subcutaneous	single dose	Randomized trial in people · n = 9	Malloy 2009
2.5 mcg	Human	human	subcutaneous	Not reported	Randomized trial in people · n = 6	Geyer 2019
10 µg twice daily	Human	human	injection	30 weeks	Randomized trial in people	Buse 2011

From the community

How people use it

What people report online. It comes from forums and guides, not from studies.

Community-reported. Not tested in trials.

The official US label describes prescription use. These regimens are label information and are not community practice.

Reported routines and cautions

What people use it for

Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.S1

Reported regimens

Regimens that community sources report for Exenatide. Community-reported, not tested in trials.
Context	Route	Amount	How often	How long	Agreement	Sources
Byetta adult type 2 diabetes starting doseOfficial label dosing of an approved product	subcutaneous injection	5 mcg per dose	twice daily within 60 minutes before morning and evening meals, or two main meals approximately 6 hours or more apart	Not stated	Official US prescribing information.	S1
Byetta adult type 2 diabetes optional dose increaseOfficial label dosing of an approved product	subcutaneous injection	10 mcg per dose	twice daily within 60 minutes before morning and evening meals, or two main meals approximately 6 hours or more apart	Not stated	Official US prescribing information.	S1
Bydureon BCise extended-release type 2 diabetes in adults and patients aged 10 years and olderOfficial label dosing of an approved product	subcutaneous injection	2 mg per dose	once every 7 days	Not stated	Official US prescribing information.	S2

Cautions

The label warns about pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, and hypoglycemia with insulin or insulin secretagogues.S1
The Byetta and Bydureon BCise formulations have different dosing schedules. The extended-release product also has a thyroid C-cell tumor boxed warning.S2

Community sources

S1US Exenatide prescribing information (opens in a new tab)dailymed.nlm.nih.gov
S2Bydureon BCise official prescribing information (opens in a new tab)dailymed.nlm.nih.gov

Gaps

This review covers the two official US labels. It does not establish additional community practices or reproduce every administration instruction.

Questions and more

Ask a question about exenatide

The answer links to every study it uses.

What does the evidence say about exenatide?Is exenatide tested in people?Compare with Liraglutide Compare with Semaglutide

Sources

Database: PepBank data for exenatide (data version 308560)
Regulator: FDA status record
Regulator: EMA status record
Regulator: WADA status record
Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov
Community: community sources (forums and guides), as summarized in the PepBank community file

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Ask your AI about exenatide

Exenatide (exendin-4)

ApprovedNot banned in sport

Also known as AC-2993, AC2993, Bydureon, Bydureon BCise, Byetta, Exenatide and 1 more

What it is

Natural peptide, 39 amino acids

Approval

Approved in the US (Byetta)

In sport

Not listed as banned by WADA

Studies

530 studies with results. 473 of them gave exenatide, with 3,292 results.
2,193 in people955 in animals144 in lab cells

Best study in people

Randomized controlled trial with 14,752 people (2017)

Clinical trials

322 registered: 11 active or planned, 125 with posted results

Community use

Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Dose as reported

Class

Species

Route

Duration

Design

Source

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

Not reported

Randomized trial in people · n = 14,752

Holman 2017

17.4 µg

Human

human

infusion

during cardiopulmonary bypass and first hour after weaning

Randomized trial in people · n = 1,389

Kjaergaard 2025

2.0 mg

Human

human

subcutaneous

56 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 813

Ahmann 2018

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

injection

26 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 776

Buse 2013

10 μg twice daily

Human

human

Not reported

24 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 634

Rosenstock 2013

5 microg twice daily for 4 weeks, then 10 microg twice daily for 12 weeks

Human

human

Not reported

16 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 466

Gao 2009

10 microg twice daily

Human

human

Not reported

26 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 464

Buse 2009

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

Not reported

28 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 464

Guja 2018

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

injection

26 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 448

Diamant 2010

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

Not reported

26 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 427

Inagaki 2012

5-mug for 4 weeks, then 10-microg for 8 weeks

Human

human

Not reported

4 weeks, then 8 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 377

Forti 2008

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

Not reported

28 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 375

Wysham 2018

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

injection

26 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 326

Bergenstal 2010

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

Not reported

30 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 295

Drucker 2008

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

Not reported

24 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 252

Blevins 2011

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

Not reported

26 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 216

Davies 2013

10 pg BID

Human

human

Not reported

16 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 138

Barnett 2007

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

26 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 127

Klausen 2022

17.4 μg

Human

human

infusion

6 hours and 15 minutes

Randomized trial in people · n = 120

Wiberg 2016

10 μg three times daily

Human

human

subcutaneous

26 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 108

Johansen 2020

0.05 µg/min for 1 hour, then 0.025 µg/min

Human

human

intravenous

Not reported

Randomized trial in people · n = 104

Besch 2017

10-20μg daily

Human

human

Not reported

12 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 100

Tao 2021

1-h bolus of 0.05 µg/min followed by 0.025 µg/min infusion

Human

human

intravenous

first 48 h after surgical incision

Randomized trial in people · n = 92

Besch 2018

10 μg/h for 30 min, then 0.84 μg/h for 72 h

Human

human

intravenous

72 h

Randomized trial in people · n = 91

Roos 2016

10 µg twice daily

Human

human

subcutaneous

4 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 86

Berg 2011

2 mcg weekly

Human

human

Not reported

Randomized trial in people · n = 79

Herold 2020

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

Not reported

24 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 72

Tamborlane 2022

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

48 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 60

Athauda 2017

5 microg BID for 4 weeks followed by 10 microg BID

Human

human

Not reported

12 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 54

Gill 2010

2 mg weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

48 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 50

Vijiaratnam 2025

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

6 months

Randomized trial in people · n = 44

Weghuber 2020

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

Not reported

12 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 40

Ma 2021

2 mg once weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

32 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 32

Dei 2024

10 microg twice daily

Human

human

subcutaneous

Not reported

Randomized trial in people · n = 22

Linnebjerg 2009

0.12 pmol/kg/min

Human

human

intravenous

6 h

Randomized trial in people · n = 20

Nathanson 2012

2.5 and 5 microg

Human

human

subcutaneous

single dose

Randomized trial in people · n = 13

Malloy 2009

5 microg

Human

human

subcutaneous

single dose

Randomized trial in people · n = 12

Malloy 2009

2.5 microg

Human

human

subcutaneous

single dose

Randomized trial in people · n = 9

Malloy 2009

2.5 mcg

Human

human

subcutaneous

Not reported

Randomized trial in people · n = 6

Geyer 2019

10 µg twice daily

Human

human

injection

30 weeks

Randomized trial in people

Buse 2011

Context

Route

Amount

How often

How long

Agreement

Sources

Byetta adult type 2 diabetes starting doseOfficial label dosing of an approved product

subcutaneous injection

5 mcg per dose

twice daily within 60 minutes before morning and evening meals, or two main meals approximately 6 hours or more apart

Not stated

Official US prescribing information.

Byetta adult type 2 diabetes optional dose increaseOfficial label dosing of an approved product

subcutaneous injection

10 mcg per dose

twice daily within 60 minutes before morning and evening meals, or two main meals approximately 6 hours or more apart

Not stated

Official US prescribing information.

Bydureon BCise extended-release type 2 diabetes in adults and patients aged 10 years and olderOfficial label dosing of an approved product

subcutaneous injection

2 mg per dose

once every 7 days

Not stated

Official US prescribing information.

Exenatide (exendin-4)

Exenatide (exendin-4) at a glance

What is exenatide?

The history of exenatide

Exenatide (exendin-4) structure and chemistry

What exenatide studies show

Blood sugar

Weight and appetite

Heart and blood vessels

Cholesterol and blood fats

Immune system and inflammation

Kidneys and bladder

Key exenatide studies

Exenatide clinical trials

Is exenatide approved?

Exenatide side effects and safety

How people use it

What people use it for

Reported regimens

Cautions

Community sources

Ask a question about exenatide

Related peptides

Sources

Exenatide (exendin-4)

Exenatide (exendin-4) at a glance

What is exenatide?

The history of exenatide

Exenatide (exendin-4) structure and chemistry

What exenatide studies show

Blood sugar

Weight and appetite

Heart and blood vessels

Cholesterol and blood fats

Immune system and inflammation

Kidneys and bladder

Key exenatide studies

Exenatide clinical trials

Is exenatide approved?

Exenatide side effects and safety

How people use it

What people use it for

Reported regimens

Cautions

Community sources

Ask a question about exenatide

Related peptides

Sources