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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 52 · 2016

19 results

Acute renal effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide in overweight type 2 diabetes patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Tonneijck L, Smits MM, Muskiet MHA, Hoekstra T, Kramer MHH, Danser AHJ, Diamant M, Joles JA, van Raalte DH

Diabetologia1 Apr 2016Cited by 109 (Europe PMC)

PMID27038451 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4901099 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s00125-016-3938-z (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-27038451
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Summary

Aims/hypothesisThis study aimed to investigate the acute renal effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) exenatide in type 2 diabetes patients.MethodsWe included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2). Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC). GFR (primary endpoint) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were determined by inulin and para-aminohippurate clearance, respectively, based on timed urine sampling. Filtration fraction (FF) and effective renal vascular resistance (ERVR) were calculated, and glomerular hydrostatic pressure (PGLO) and vascular resistance of the afferent (RA) and efferent (RE) renal arteriole were estimated. Tubular function was assessed by absolute and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), potassium (FEK) and urea (FEU), in addition to urine osmolality, pH and free water clearance. Renal damage markers, BP and plasma glucose were also determined.ResultsOf the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses. Exenatide (n = 24) did not affect GFR (mean difference +2 ± 3 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2), p = 0.489), ERPF, FF, ERVR or PGLO, compared with placebo (n = 28). Exenatide increased RA (p < 0.05), but did not change RE. Exenatide increased FENa, FEK, urine osmolality and pH, while FEU, urinary flow and free water clearance were decreased (all p < 0.05). Osmolar clearance and renal damage makers were not affected. Diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure increased by 3 ± 1 and 6 ± 2 mmHg, respectively, whereas plasma glucose decreased by 1.4 ± 0.1 mmol/l (all p < 0.05).Conclusions/interpretationExenatide infusion does not acutely affect renal haemodynamics in overweight type 2 diabetes patients at normal filtration levels. Furthermore, acute GLP-1RA administration increases proximal sodium excretion in these patients.Trial registrationClincialTrials.gov NCT01744236 FUNDING : The research leading to these results has been funded from: (1) the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 282521 - the SAFEGUARD project; and (2) the Dutch Kidney Foundation, under grant agreement IP12.87.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study19

19 results from studies that gave the peptide. 19 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, acute exenatide did not affect GFR compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide did not change kidney filtration compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeGFR
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    GFR mean difference
    2 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2)
    exenatide versus placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide (n = 24) did not affect GFR (mean difference +2 ± 3 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2), p = 0.489), ERPF, FF, ERVR or PGLO, compared with placebo (n = 28).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide did not affect effective renal plasma flow compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide did not change kidney plasma flow compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeEffective renal plasma flow
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide (n = 24) did not affect GFR (mean difference +2 ± 3 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2), p = 0.489), ERPF, FF, ERVR or PGLO, compared with placebo (n = 28).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide did not affect filtration fraction compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide did not change filtration fraction compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeFiltration fraction
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide (n = 24) did not affect GFR (mean difference +2 ± 3 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2), p = 0.489), ERPF, FF, ERVR or PGLO, compared with placebo (n = 28).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide did not affect effective renal vascular resistance compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide did not change kidney vascular resistance compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeEffective renal vascular resistance
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide (n = 24) did not affect GFR (mean difference +2 ± 3 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2), p = 0.489), ERPF, FF, ERVR or PGLO, compared with placebo (n = 28).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide did not affect glomerular hydrostatic pressure compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide did not change glomerular pressure compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeGlomerular hydrostatic pressure
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide (n = 24) did not affect GFR (mean difference +2 ± 3 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2), p = 0.489), ERPF, FF, ERVR or PGLO, compared with placebo (n = 28).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide increased afferent renal arteriolar resistance compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide increased afferent kidney artery resistance compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAfferent arteriolar resistance
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased RA (p < 0.05), but did not change RE.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  7. 07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide did not change efferent renal arteriolar resistance compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide did not change efferent kidney artery resistance compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeEfferent arteriolar resistance
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased RA (p < 0.05), but did not change RE.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  8. 08HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide increased fractional sodium excretion compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide increased fractional sodium excretion compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseFractional sodium excretion
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased FENa, FEK, urine osmolality and pH, while FEU, urinary flow and free water clearance were decreased (all p < 0.05).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  9. 09HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide increased fractional potassium excretion compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide increased fractional potassium excretion compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseFractional potassium excretion
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased FENa, FEK, urine osmolality and pH, while FEU, urinary flow and free water clearance were decreased (all p < 0.05).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  10. 10HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide increased urine osmolality compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide increased urine osmolality compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseUrine osmolality
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased FENa, FEK, urine osmolality and pH, while FEU, urinary flow and free water clearance were decreased (all p < 0.05).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  11. 11HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide increased urine pH compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide increased urine pH compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseUrine pH
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased FENa, FEK, urine osmolality and pH, while FEU, urinary flow and free water clearance were decreased (all p < 0.05).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  12. 12HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide decreased fractional urea excretion compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide reduced fractional urea excretion compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseFractional urea excretion
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased FENa, FEK, urine osmolality and pH, while FEU, urinary flow and free water clearance were decreased (all p < 0.05).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  13. 13HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide decreased urinary flow compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide reduced urine flow compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseUrinary flow
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased FENa, FEK, urine osmolality and pH, while FEU, urinary flow and free water clearance were decreased (all p < 0.05).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  14. 14HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide decreased free water clearance compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide reduced free water clearance compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseFree water clearance
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased FENa, FEK, urine osmolality and pH, while FEU, urinary flow and free water clearance were decreased (all p < 0.05).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  15. 15HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide did not affect osmolar clearance compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide did not change osmolar clearance compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeOsmolar clearance
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Osmolar clearance and renal damage makers were not affected.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  16. 16HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide did not affect renal damage markers compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide did not change kidney damage markers compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeRenal damage markers
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Osmolar clearance and renal damage makers were not affected.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  17. 17HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide increased diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide increased diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseDiastolic blood pressure
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Diastolic BP increase
    3 mmHg
    exenatide versus placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure increased by 3 ± 1 and 6 ± 2 mmHg, respectively, whereas plasma glucose decreased by 1.4 ± 0.1 mmol/l (all p < 0.05).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  18. 18HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide increased mean arterial pressure compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide increased mean arterial pressure compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMean arterial pressure
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Mean arterial pressure increase
    6 mmHg
    exenatide versus placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure increased by 3 ± 1 and 6 ± 2 mmHg, respectively, whereas plasma glucose decreased by 1.4 ± 0.1 mmol/l (all p < 0.05).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.
  19. 19HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide decreased plasma glucose compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsExenatide reduced blood glucose compared with placebo in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreasePlasma glucose
    Study

    n = 52

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Plasma glucose decrease
    1.4 mmol/l
    exenatide versus placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure increased by 3 ± 1 and 6 ± 2 mmHg, respectively, whereas plasma glucose decreased by 1.4 ± 0.1 mmol/l (all p < 0.05).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We included overweight (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) men and postmenopausal women, aged 35-75 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48-75 mmol/mol; 6.5-9.0%) and estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2).
    Summary · context
    Exenatide or placebo (NaCl solution, 154 mmol/l) was administrated intravenously in an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the Diabetes Center VU University Medical Center (VUMC).
    Summary · context
    Of the 57 patients randomised by computer, 52 were included in the final analyses.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 4NCT01744236

SAFEGUARD: Pleiotropic Effects of Incretin Based Therapies

Amsterdam UMC, location VUmcn = 70Apr 2013 to Aug 2015

Type 2 Diabetes

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 9 Dec 2015

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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