Abaloparatide Added to Ongoing Denosumab vs Continued Denosumab Alone
Hospital for Special Surgery, New Yorkn = 701 Feb 2021 to est. 31 Dec 2026
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
PepBank has 157 abaloparatide studies with results. 121 of them gave abaloparatide, with 878 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.
Searches 878 results and 405 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC
Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.
Abaloparatide is a 34-residue PTHrP analog and PTH1 receptor agonist. It contains alpha-aminoisobutyric acid at position 29 and a C-terminal amide. Head-to-head trials can test both abaloparatide and teriparatide.
| Target | Action | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Parathyroid hormone 1 receptorPTH1RQ03431 (opens in a new tab) | Agonist | official prescribing informationSource (opens in a new tab) |
Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.
34 amino acids · 2 modifications
No sequence is listed for the parent, so no alignment is shown.The label identifies a PTHrP(1-34) analog. UniProt P12272 starts mature PTHrP at residue 37. Mature residues 1-34 map to precursor residues 37-70. Substitution positions use mature PTHrP numbering. No parent seed reference is assigned.
Some values cannot be calculated. The sequence has a non-canonical residue (X). Residue tables cover only the 20 standard amino acids.
@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses
No charge curve
The sequence has a non-canonical residue (X). Residue tables cover only the 20 standard amino acids.
34 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.
Loads the 3D viewer (3Dmol.js, about 150 KB) and the model file from AlphaFold DB (EMBL-EBI).
Abaloparatide (Tymlos) has 34 residues. A full-atom drawing is hard to read at this size; the sequence view is the reference.
SMILES fromPubChem CID 76943386(opens in a new tab)
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CN=CN2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CN=CN3)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NAn ideal alpha-helix projection. It shows where the hydrophobic residues fall if the peptide folds as a helix. It does not show that it does.
Eisenberg consensus (normalized) scale · + K, R · − D, E
Assumes an ideal α-helix: 100° per residue, 3.6 residues per turn. The arrow is the mean hydrophobic moment (Eisenberg et al. 1984) and points at the hydrophobic face.
| Position | Residue | Angle | Eisenberg consensus (normalized) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | 0° | 0.62 |
| 2 | V | 100° | 1.08 |
| 3 | S | 200° | -0.18 |
| 4 | E | 300° | -0.74 |
| 5 | H | 40° | -0.40 |
| 6 | Q | 140° | -0.85 |
| 7 | L | 240° | 1.06 |
| 8 | L | 340° | 1.06 |
| 9 | H | 80° | -0.40 |
| 10 | D | 180° | -0.90 |
| 11 | K | 280° | -1.50 |
| 12 | G | 20° | 0.48 |
| 13 | K | 120° | -1.50 |
| 14 | S | 220° | -0.18 |
| 15 | I | 320° | 1.38 |
| 16 | Q | 60° | -0.85 |
| 17 | D | 160° | -0.90 |
| 18 | L | 260° | 1.06 |
| 19 | R | 0° | -2.53 |
| 20 | R | 100° | -2.53 |
| 21 | R | 200° | -2.53 |
| 22 | E | 300° | -0.74 |
| 23 | L | 40° | 1.06 |
| 24 | L | 140° | 1.06 |
| 25 | E | 240° | -0.74 |
| 26 | K | 340° | -1.50 |
| 27 | L | 80° | 1.06 |
| 28 | L | 180° | 1.06 |
| 29 | X | 280° | not scored |
| 30 | K | 20° | -1.50 |
| 31 | L | 120° | 1.06 |
| 32 | H | 220° | -0.40 |
| 33 | T | 320° | -0.05 |
| 34 | A | 60° | 0.62 |
People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.
PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.
Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.
Studies by year
157 of 405 studies have results (39%), published 2015 to 2026. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about Abaloparatide (Tymlos), by class. The rows use different scales.
Studies404 in all, 1993 to 2026
Studies with results157 in all, 2015 to 2026
Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.
AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.
Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.
21 trials match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.
21 trials · 5 ongoing · 13 completed · 3 stopped early · 10 with posted results
Phase 2 Dose-finding Study to Evaluate the Effects of BA058 in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis
NCT00542425Apr 2007 to Jun 2009
Phase 2 Study of BA058 (Abaloparatide) Transdermal Delivery in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis
NCT0167462125 Sept 2012 to 2 Aug 2013
Safety and Efficacy of Abaloparatide-SC in Men With Osteoporosis (ATOM)
NCT035122623 May 2018 to 8 Sept 2021
Early Effects of Abaloparatide on Tissue-Based Indices of Bone Formation and Resorption
NCT0371088920 Sept 2018 to 15 Jul 2020
A Phase I Pilot Study of Abaloparatide + Bevacizumab in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
NCT0374604114 Feb 2019 to 6 Jun 2022
Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics (PK), Pharmacodynamics (PD), and Usability of Abaloparatide-solid Microstructured Transdermal System (sMTS) in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
NCT043667269 Apr 2019 to 14 May 2019
Efficacy & Safety of Abaloparatide-Solid Microstructured Transdermal System in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis
NCT040644115 Aug 2019 to 9 Nov 2021
21 trials · 5 ongoing · 13 completed · 3 stopped early · 10 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Hospital for Special Surgery, New Yorkn = 701 Feb 2021 to est. 31 Dec 2026
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
University of Wisconsin, Madisonn = 5810 Jan 2020 to 3 Apr 2025
Osteoporosis · Arthroplasties, Knee Replacement
Daniel Horwitzn = 0est. Jun 2024 to est. Jun 2025
Femoral Fractures
Radius Health, Inc.n = 2283 May 2018 to 8 Sept 2021
Osteoporosis · Osteoporosis, Age-Related · Osteoporosis Localized to Spine · Age Related Osteoporosis · Osteoporosis Senile · Osteoporosis of Vertebrae
Radius Health, Inc.n = 5115 Aug 2019 to 9 Nov 2021
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Radius Health, Inc.n = 2320 Sept 2018 to 15 Jul 2020
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal · Osteoporosis · Osteoporosis Vertebral · Osteoporosis Risk · Osteoporosis Fracture · Osteoporosis Localized to Spine · Osteoporosis, Age-Related · Osteoporosis Senile · Osteoporosis of Vertebrae
Radius Health, Inc.n = 2,463Apr 2011 to Oct 2014
Osteoporosis · Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Hospital for Special Surgery, New Yorkn = 9614 Aug 2019 to est. Feb 2027
Spinal Fusion
State University of New York at Buffalon = 6018 Jun 2026 to est. 31 Dec 2028
Lumbar Degenerative Disease
David Lunardinin = 2218 May 2022 to 14 Aug 2023
Odontoid Fracture
Hospital for Special Surgery, New Yorkn = 4817 Sept 2020 to 25 Apr 2024
Fracture of Pelvis (Disorder)
Johns Hopkins Universityn = 0est. Mar 2021 to est. Feb 2024
Degeneration Disc Intervertebral
Radius Health, Inc.n = 25025 Sept 2012 to 2 Aug 2013
Post Menopausal Osteoporosis
Radius Health, Inc.n = 222Apr 2007 to Jun 2009
Osteoporosis
Radius Health, Inc.n = 229 Apr 2019 to 14 May 2019
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
University of Rochestern = 2014 Feb 2019 to 6 Jun 2022
Myelodysplastic Syndromes · Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Radius Health, Inc.n = 5216 Nov 2020 to 19 Nov 2021
Healthy Volunteers
Radius Health, Inc.n = 3616 Nov 2020 to 13 Aug 2021
Osteoporosis
424 General Military Hospitaln = 15025 Nov 2023 to est. Dec 2027
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Istituto Auxologico Italianon = 4231 Aug 2025 to est. 31 Aug 2029
Osteoporosis · Menopause
Radius Health, Inc.n = 22,0541 Jul 2021 to 30 Sept 2021
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
4 more mention it but do not test it. They are not trials of Abaloparatide (Tymlos): they only measure it (a blood level or an eligibility term) or name it in their text.
Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.
405 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.
Showing 24 of 405 studiesquery qry_8c48555a84bc0bc78c73ab11
157 studies in all, 5 on this page
In vitro (cells) · 2016
Hattersley et al. 2016Endocrinologycited by 231
PMID 26562265PMC4701881DOI 10.1210/en.2015-1726PUB-26562265
Randomized controlled trial · 2015
Leder et al. 2015The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 193
PMID 25393645DOI 10.1210/jc.2014-3718PUB-25393645
Randomized controlled trial · 2018
Bone et al. 2018The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 152
PMID 29800372PMC6097601DOI 10.1210/jc.2018-00163PUB-29800372
Randomized controlled trial · 2017
Cosman et al. 2017Mayo Clinic proceedingscited by 96
PMID 28160873DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.10.009PUB-28160873
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2017
Jolette et al. 2017Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTPcited by 68
PMID 28389324DOI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.04.001PUB-28389324
239 studies in all, 19 on this page
PubMed tag: Review · 2019
Compston et al. 2019Lancet (London, England)cited by 1,788
PMID 30696576DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32112-3PUB-30696576
PubMed tag: Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial, Phase III · 2016
Miller et al. 2016JAMAcited by 632
PMID 27533157DOI 10.1001/jama.2016.11136PUB-27533157
PubMed tag: Review · 2022
Reid et al. 2022Lancet (London, England)cited by 599
PMID 35279261DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02646-5PUB-35279261
PubMed tag: Review · 2020
Johnston et al. 2020The Medical clinics of North Americacited by 510
PMID 32773051DOI 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.06.004PUB-32773051
PubMed tag: Network Meta-Analysis · 2019
Barrionuevo et al. 2019The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 232
PMID 30907957DOI 10.1210/jc.2019-00192PUB-30907957
PubMed tag: Network Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review · 2023
Ayers et al. 2023Annals of internal medicinecited by 222
PMID 36592455DOI 10.7326/m22-0684PUB-36592455
PubMed tag: Review · 2021
Anam et al. 2021The Medical clinics of North Americacited by 177
PMID 34688418DOI 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.05.016PUB-34688418
PubMed tag: Network Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review · 2023
Händel et al. 2023BMJ (Clinical research ed.)cited by 173
PMID 37130601PMC10152340DOI 10.1136/bmj-2021-068033PUB-37130601
PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2018
Choksi et al. 2018Clinical diabetes and endocrinologycited by 159
PMID 29862042PMC5975657DOI 10.1186/s40842-018-0062-7PUB-29862042
PubMed tag: Review · 2020
Cheng et al. 2020Annual review of medicinecited by 113
PMID 31509477DOI 10.1146/annurev-med-052218-020620PUB-31509477
PubMed tag: Review · 2025
Morin et al. 2025JAMAcited by 95
PMID 40587168DOI 10.1001/jama.2025.6003PUB-40587168
PubMed tag: Systematic Review, review-article · 2021
Li et al. 2021PharmacoEconomicscited by 90
PMID 33026634PMC7867562DOI 10.1007/s40273-020-00965-9PUB-33026634
PubMed tag: Review · 2019
Krohn et al. 2019Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometrycited by 86
PMID 31383412DOI 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.07.006PUB-31383412
PubMed tag: none · 2021
Martin et al. 2021Endocrine reviewscited by 86
PMID 33564837DOI 10.1210/endrev/bnab005PUB-33564837
PubMed tag: Review · 2017
Leder et al. 2017Current osteoporosis reportscited by 83
PMID 28303448PMC5477638DOI 10.1007/s11914-017-0353-4PUB-28303448
PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2018
Haas et al. 2018Journal of the Endocrine Societycited by 77
PMID 30087947PMC6065487DOI 10.1210/js.2018-00118PUB-30087947
PubMed tag: Practice Guideline · 2025
Gregson et al. 2025Archives of osteoporosiscited by 71
PMID 40921943PMC12417299DOI 10.1007/s11657-025-01588-3PUB-40921943
PubMed tag: Review · 2013
Augustine et al. 2013Current osteoporosis reportscited by 70
PMID 24078470PMC3874264DOI 10.1007/s11914-013-0171-2PUB-24078470
PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2019
Tabacco et al. 2019British journal of clinical pharmacologycited by 68
PMID 30218587PMC6533433DOI 10.1111/bcp.13766PUB-30218587
These studies name Abaloparatide (Tymlos) but give no result for it (for example, the results concern another peptide in the study).
PubMed tag: none · 2018
Ehrenmann et al. 2018Nature structural & molecular biologycited by 105
PMID 30455434DOI 10.1038/s41594-018-0151-4PUB-30455434
Page 1 of 4
Lewiecki EM · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
VanDerwerker NB · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Czerwinski E · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Nieves JW · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Matsumoto T · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Matsumoto T · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 12 results
Deal CL · Bone reports · 2019
Randomized controlled trial · 15 results
Miller PD · Bone · 2019
Randomized controlled trial · 15 results
Cosman F · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 10 results
McCloskey EV · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
DeSapri KT · Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 16 results
Watts NB · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2021
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Cosman F · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Winzenrieth R · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2021
Randomized controlled trial · 16 results
Winzenrieth R · Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 19 results
Sheth NP · The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume · 2024
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Sheth NP · Bone reports · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Winzenrieth R · Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 18 results
Eastell R · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Winzenrieth R · JBMR plus · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Dhaliwal R · JBMR plus · 2024
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Sone T · Archives of osteoporosis · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 16 results
McClung MR · Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2018
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Greenspan SL · Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Leder BZ · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2015
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Bone HG · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Cosman F · Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Cosman F · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 3 results
Moreira CA · Bone · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 10 results
Bilezikian JP · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Bilezikian JP · Current medical research and opinion · 2019
Randomized controlled trial · 10 results
Reginster JY · Calcified tissue international · 2018
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
McCloskey EV · Archives of osteoporosis · 2019
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Leder BZ · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2019
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Eastell R · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Dhaliwal R · JBMR plus · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Deal C · Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Miller PD · Clinical drug investigation · 2021
Non-randomized trial · 13 results
Dempster DW · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2021
Non-randomized trial · 13 results
Kobayakawa T · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026
Observational study · 5 results
Johnson AH · Cureus · 2025
Observational study · 8 results
Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022
Observational study · 18 results
Wen MT · Expert opinion on drug safety · 2025
Observational study · 20 results
Tabatabai L · Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025
Observational study · 10 results
Cosman F · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022
Observational study · 8 results
Gold DT · JBMR plus · 2021
Observational study · 15 results
Gold DT · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024
Observational study · 10 results
Nickel B · JB & JS open access · 2026
Observational study · 2 results
McGreevy JL · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA · 2019
Observational study · 3 results
Xiao Y · Scientific reports · 2023
Observational study · 1 result
Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.
| Jurisdiction | Body | Status | As of | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | FDA |
| 21 Oct 2026 | dailymed.nlm.nih.gov (opens in a new tab) |
| EU | EMA |
| 21 Oct 2026 | ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) |
| Sport | WADA | Not listed as banned by WADA This check does not establish individual athlete eligibility. | 2026 List | wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab) |
84 safety results for Abaloparatide (Tymlos).
In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, serious cardiac adverse event proportions were similar across groups including abaloparatide.
Randomized controlled trialn = 2,463
In high-risk women receiving abaloparatide, hypercalciuria was reported in 11.5%.
Randomized controlled trialn = 664
In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, few new clinical fractures occurred with either transdermal or subcutaneous abaloparatide.
Randomized controlled trialn = 511
In women aged 80 or older, adverse event proportions were similar with abaloparatide and placebo.
Randomized controlled trialn = 94
In older women with osteoporosis, adverse event proportions were similar between abaloparatide/alendronate and placebo/alendronate groups.
Randomized controlled trialn = 56
In postmenopausal women, adverse events were similar with abaloparatide/alendronate and placebo/alendronate.
Randomized controlled trialn not reported
In osteoporosis trial biopsies, abaloparatide-treated patients showed normal bone microarchitecture.
Randomized controlled trialn not reported
In women with eGFR <60 mL/min, hypercalcemia occurred less frequently with abaloparatide than teriparatide.
Randomized controlled trialn not reported
The top 24 of 70 results.
The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.
80 µg/dayHuman
80 μg dailyHuman
80 µg dailyHuman
40 µg dailyHuman
80 µg dailyHuman
80 mcg dailyHuman
6 of 74 shown
PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.
Data version, change history and code for this peptide.
curl -s https:// pepbank.io/ v1/ briefs/ abaloparatideEvidence summary for Abaloparatide (Tymlos): counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.
In PepBank now:147 peptides, 6 blends and 13 other compounds97,577 study results from 17,383 studies8,473 clinical trialsUpdated
Top outcomes
The 8 outcome groups with the most study results, by evidence class.
Data version 308560. Bar length is the number of results, not the size of an effect.
Evidence matrix
Study results by outcome and evidence class. Arrows show how the measured outcome moved, not whether the change is good.
| Outcome group | Human | Animal | Lab | Computer model | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bone and jointMusculoskeletal | Human: 290 results from 51 studies: 185 increase, 43 decrease, 41 no significant change, 2 mixed, 19 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 395 results from 48 studies: 272 increase, 18 decrease, 87 no significant change, 7 mixed, 11 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | Lab: 35 results from 9 studies: 20 increase, 6 decrease, 8 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: In vitro (cells) | Computer model: 4 results from 1 study: 3 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: In silico | 724 |
| Adverse eventsWhole body | Human: 41 results from 18 studies: 7 increase, 2 decrease, 6 no significant change, 26 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 2 results from 2 studies: 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | No results | No results | 43 |
| Patient-reported outcomesWhole body | Human: 13 results from 2 studies: 13 not reported. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial | No results | No results | No results | 13 |
| Cardiovascular eventsCardiovascular | Human: 5 results from 4 studies: 1 increase, 1 decrease, 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 5 |
| PainMusculoskeletal | Human: 5 results from 2 studies: 4 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 5 |
| Treatment adherence and retentionWhole body | Human: 5 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 1 decrease, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Observational study | No results | No results | No results | 5 |
| Heart functionCardiovascular | Human: 4 results from 1 study: 2 increase, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | Lab: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: In vitro (cells) | No results | 5 |
| Exercise and physical functionMusculoskeletal | Human: 4 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 2 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 4 |
| PharmacokineticsPharmacology | Human: 4 results from 1 study: 1 no significant change, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial | No results | No results | No results | 4 |
| Patterns of usePharmacology | Human: 3 results from 2 studies: 3 not reported. Strongest design: Observational study | No results | No results | No results | 3 |
| Blood pressureCardiovascular | Human: 2 results from 1 study: 1 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 2 |
| Kidney functionKidney and urinary | Human: 2 results from 1 study: 1 increase, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Case report or series | No results | No results | No results | 2 |
12 outcome groups shown of 21 · 878 study results
Data version 308560. Shade grows with the number of results. Every cell shows the exact count.
Trials by phase
21 registered trials, grouped by phase and shown by status.
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, data version 308560. Status is the registry status.