Synthetic fragment · 16 amino acids · 1,815.1 Da

AOD-9604 studies and research data

PepBank has 10 AOD-9604 studies with results. 7 of them gave AOD-9604, with 44 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Searches 44 results and 28 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC

Results in people

0% of 44 results

Results in animals

82% of 44 results

Results in lab cells

18% of 44 results

From computer models

0% of 44 results

The molecule

AOD-9604 identity

Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.

AOD-9604 (LAT8881) is a synthetic peptide made of the C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (mature residues 177-191) with an added N-terminal tyrosine and a Cys7-Cys14 disulfide bond. Studies in obese rodents reported reduced weight gain and more lipolysis, and an in vitro study reported that it does not compete for the growth hormone receptor. Preclinical work names lanthionine synthetase C-like proteins (LanCL1, LanCL2) as candidate targets. Lateral Pharma has run phase 2 trials of oral LAT8881 in migraine and neuropathic pain and a phase 1 intravenous study in lumbar radicular pain; it has no FDA or EMA approval.

Kind: Synthetic fragment · 16 residues
Identifiers: ChEMBLCHEMBL6068615 (opens in a new tab)PubChem CID71300630 (opens in a new tab)UNII7UP768IP4M (opens in a new tab)CAS221231-10-3
Parent: Fragment of Somatotropin (human growth hormone) · residues 202-217Cox et al. 2015 (PMID 25208511): 'C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone from amino acids 177-191 with an additional tyrosine residue at the N-terminus'. Residues 2-16 equal UniProt P01241 mature residues 177-191 (direct comparison).
Development: Phase 2Lateral Pharma Pty Ltd (current LAT8881 trials)ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04153409 (phase 2, acute migraine, completed), NCT03865953 (phase 2, neuropathic pain, completed), NCT05298306 (phase 1, lumbar radicular pain, intravenous infusion, completed). All three ran in Australia (NCT03865953 also in the United Kingdom). Harpur et al. 2023 state that LAT8881 was assessed in clinical trials for obesity and neuropathy; the earlier obesity trials are not registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and were not checked. Source (opens in a new tab)

Targets

Molecular targets with action and evidence source
Target	Action	Evidence
Glutathione S-transferase LANCL1 (LanC-like protein 1)LANCL1O43813 (opens in a new tab)	Binder (proposed)	primary literatureSource (opens in a new tab)
LanC-like protein 2LANCL2Q9NS86 (opens in a new tab)	Activator (proposed)	proposedSource (opens in a new tab)

Sequence and structure

Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.

Sequence

16 amino acids · 1 modification · 1 disulfide bond

H-

YLRIVQCRSV

EGSCGF

-OH

Alignment to Somatotropin (human growth hormone)

Calculated from the two sequences. Curated notes are shown as given.

15 of 16 aligned residues identical (94%) · 1 substitution · 1 modified residue · Somatotropin (human growth hormone) 176–191

Top row: Somatotropin (human growth hormone) (parent)
Bottom row: AOD-9604

LRIVQ

RSVEGSCGF

Same as parent
Substituted
Non-canonical or D-form
Added
Gap
Modified side chain or end
Parent context

Differences from the parent

1Parent 176 · analog 1Phe → Tyr · SubstitutionPosition 1 aligns with Phe176 of mature hGH. Literature describes AOD-9604 as hGH 177-191 with an added N-terminal Tyr. Both descriptions give the same sequence.
2Parent 182 · analog 7Cys, modified · Disulfide bondIntramolecular disulfide Cys7-Cys14 (GSRS: cyclic (7->14)-disulfide). Corresponds to hGH Cys182-Cys189.

Basis: Cox et al. 2015 (PMID 25208511): 'C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone from amino acids 177-191 with an additional tyrosine residue at the N-terminus'. Residues 2-16 equal UniProt P01241 mature residues 177-191 (direct comparison).

Calculated from the two sequences with @pepdb/chem alignToParent (ungapped unless a gap scores higher). The record’s curated notes are shown as given.

Properties

From identity sources

Formula: C₇₈H₁₂₃N₂₃O₂₃S₂
Molecular weight: 1,815.1 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass: 1,813.8604 Da

GSRS UNII 7UP768IP4M(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
PubChem CID 71300630(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
UniProt P01241(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08
ChEMBL CHEMBL6068615(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-08

Calculated from the sequence

pKa set

Average mass: 1,815.09 Da; Sum of ExPASy residue masses + water + 1 disulfide · ExPASy Compute pI/Mw; FindMod
Monoisotopic mass: 1,813.8603 Da; Sum of ExPASy residue masses + water + 1 disulfide · ExPASy FindMod
Isoelectric point (pI): 9.35; pH of zero net charge, EMBOSS pKa set · EMBOSS iep, Epk.dat
Net charge at pH 7.4: 0.94; Henderson-Hasselbalch, EMBOSS pKa set · EMBOSS iep, Epk.dat
GRAVY (hydropathy): 0.300; Mean Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy · Kyte and Doolittle 1982; Positive: hydrophobic on average.
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (Cys reduced): 1,490 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam); No Trp: ExPASy reports more than 10 % error without Trp.
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (all Cys as cystines): 1,615 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr + 125 x cystine · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam)
Instability index: 59.23; Dipeptide instability weights (DIWV) · Guruprasad et al. 1990; Above 40: classed as possibly unstable (ExPASy).
Aliphatic index: 85.0; Mole % A + 2.9 V + 3.9 (I + L) · Ikai 1980
Boman index: 1.49 kcal/mol; Mean solubility value (negated) · Boman 2003; 2.48 or below: lower protein-binding potential (Boman).
Hydrophobic moment (μH): 0.221; Eisenberg scale, 100° per residue, best 11-residue window · Eisenberg et al. 1982, 1984
pI with each pKa set: EMBOSS 9.35Bjellqvist (ExPASy) 8.75IPC peptide 9.81IPC protein 9.92

Defined and validated for proteins; use with care for short peptides.
Assumes an ideal alpha helix. Many short peptides are not helical.

@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses

Net charge by pH

pI 9.35 · Net charge at pH 7.4: 0.94

Point or use arrow keys

Henderson-Hasselbalch, EMBOSS pKa set, 1 disulfide. Calculated, not measured.

Show as table

pH	Net charge
0	3.00
1	3.00
2	2.97
3	2.73
4	1.84
5	1.15
6	1.01
7	0.98
8	0.79
9	0.21
10	−0.41
11	−0.95
12	−1.47
13	−2.52
14	−2.94

Composition

Hydrophobic25% (4)I L V
Aromatic13% (2)F Y
Positive13% (2)R
Negative6% (1)E
Polar19% (3)Q S
Special25% (4)C G

16 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.

A Ala0 · 0%

I Ile1 · 6%

L Leu1 · 6%

M Met0 · 0%

V Val2 · 13%

F Phe1 · 6%

W Trp0 · 0%

Y Tyr1 · 6%

H His0 · 0%

K Lys0 · 0%

R Arg2 · 13%

D Asp0 · 0%

E Glu1 · 6%

N Asn0 · 0%

Q Gln1 · 6%

S Ser2 · 13%

T Thr0 · 0%

C Cys2 · 13%

G Gly2 · 13%

P Pro0 · 0%

3D structure

PredictedAlphaFold DB · P01241

Loads the 3D viewer (3Dmol.js, about 150 KB) and the model file from AlphaFold DB (EMBL-EBI).

2D structure

AOD-9604 has 16 residues. A full-atom drawing is hard to read at this size; the sequence view is the reference.

SMILES fromPubChem CID 71300630(opens in a new tab)

CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@H]1CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)CCCNC(=N)N)CO)C(C)C)CCC(=O)O)CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N

Helical wheel

An ideal alpha-helix projection. It shows where the hydrophobic residues fall if the peptide folds as a helix. It does not show that it does.

μH, residues shown: 0.209
μH, best 11-residue window: 0.221
Arrow direction: 50°
Residues: 16

HydrophilicHydrophobic

Eisenberg consensus (normalized) scale · + K, R · − D, E

Assumes an ideal α-helix: 100° per residue, 3.6 residues per turn. The arrow is the mean hydrophobic moment (Eisenberg et al. 1984) and points at the hydrophobic face.

Show as table

Position	Residue	Angle	Eisenberg consensus (normalized)
1	Y	0°	0.26
2	L	100°	1.06
3	R	200°	-2.53
4	I	300°	1.38
5	V	40°	1.08
6	Q	140°	-0.85
7	C	240°	0.29
8	R	340°	-2.53
9	S	80°	-0.18
10	V	180°	1.08
11	E	280°	-0.74
12	G	20°	0.48
13	S	120°	-0.18
14	C	220°	0.29
15	G	320°	0.48
16	F	60°	1.19

Results by area

AOD-9604 results by year and outcome

Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Studies by year

10 of 28 studies have results (36%), published 2000 to 2026. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about AOD-9604, by class. The rows use different scales.

Studies
Human
Animal
Lab
Computer model
Natural levels, tool or combination only

Studies28 in all, 2000 to 2026

Studies with results10 in all, 2000 to 2026

Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

What the studies measured

People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

AOD-9604 studies on weight and appetite

13 results · people 0 · animals 13 · lab 0

Top 5 of 13 results

In obese mice, AOD9604 was linked to more fat burning in the body.International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders, 2001
In obese mice, AOD9604 reduced weight gain.International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders, 2001
In obese mice, AOD9604 given for two weeks lowered body fat.Endocrinology, 2001
In mice lacking the beta(3) receptor, long-term AOD9604 did not raise fat breakdown as it did in normal mice.Endocrinology, 2001
In obese mice, AOD9604 given for two weeks lowered body weight.Endocrinology, 2001

AOD-9604 studies on pain

9 results · people 0 · animals 6 · lab 3

Top 3 of 9 results

In rodents with nerve injury pain, LAT8881 reversed pain from light touch.Pain, 2026
In rodents with nerve injury, LAT8881 reduced abnormal spontaneous nerve firing at the dorsal root ganglion.Pain, 2026
In rodents with nerve injury, LAT8881 reduced wind-up, a build-up of pain signals in the spinal cord.Pain, 2026

AOD-9604 studies on bones and joints

6 results · people 0 · animals 6 · lab 0

Top 3 of 6 results

In rabbits with knee arthritis, joint damage scores were lower with AOD9604 than with saline.Annals of clinical and laboratory science, 2015
In rabbits with knee arthritis, cartilage tissue damage scores were lower with AOD9604 than with saline.Annals of clinical and laboratory science, 2015
In rabbits with knee arthritis, joint damage scores were lower with AOD9604 plus HA than with HA alone.Annals of clinical and laboratory science, 2015

AOD-9604 studies on blood sugar

3 results · people 0 · animals 3 · lab 0

3 results

In obese mice, AOD9604 did not raise blood sugar, unlike human growth hormone.International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders, 2001
In obese rats, AOD9604 did not harm insulin sensitivity, unlike human growth hormone.Hormone research, 2000
In obese mice, AOD9604 did not lower insulin release, unlike human growth hormone.International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders, 2001

AOD-9604 studies on infections

3 results · people 0 · animals 3 · lab 0

3 results

In mice with severe flu, daily LAT8881 into the nose from day 1 after infection improved resistance to disease.Clinical & translational immunology, 2023
In mice with severe flu, daily LAT8881 into the nose was linked to lower amounts of infectious virus.Clinical & translational immunology, 2023
In mice with severe flu, LAT8881 plus oseltamivir lowered disease severity markers more than either one alone.Clinical & translational immunology, 2023

AOD-9604 studies on receptors and cell signals

6 results · people 0 · animals 2 · lab 4

Top 5 of 6 results

In rodents, switching down the protein LanCL1 in nerve ganglia blocked the effect of LAT8881.Pain, 2026
In obese mice, AOD9604 raised a fat-cell receptor's gene activity to levels like those in lean mice.Endocrinology, 2001
In lab cells, AOD9604 did not compete with human growth hormone for its receptor.International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders, 2001
In cells, switching down the host LanCL proteins removed the cell survival benefit of LAT8881.Clinical & translational immunology, 2023
In lab tests on spinal cord tissue, a labelled form of the active LAT8881 breakdown product bound to the protein LanCL1.Pain, 2026

AOD-9604 studies on immune system and inflammation

2 results · people 0 · animals 2 · lab 0

2 results

In mice with severe flu, daily LAT8881 into the nose was linked to more protective lung immune cells.Clinical & translational immunology, 2023
In mice with severe flu, daily LAT8881 into the nose was linked to lower levels of inflammatory signals.Clinical & translational immunology, 2023

AOD-9604 studies on survival and serious illness

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In mice with severe flu, LAT8881 given into the nose from day 1 after infection improved survival.The Journal of infectious diseases, 2024

AOD-9604 studies on cells, genes and aging

1 result · people 0 · animals 0 · lab 1

1 result

In cells, LAT8881 improved cell survival, especially under toxic stress.Clinical & translational immunology, 2023

Trials and papers

AOD-9604 trials

Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.

StatusPhase

3 trials match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Trials on this page (3 of 3)

3 trials · 3 completed · 3 with posted results

Completed
Ongoing
Not yet recruiting
Stopped
Estimated dates (est.)
Results posted

201920202021202220232024

Ph 2
Oral LAT8881 in Neuropathic Pain
NCT03865953
9 Apr 2019 to 3 May 2020
Ph 2
A Proof of Concept Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral LAT8881 in Acute Migraine
NCT04153409
24 Sept 2019 to 10 Apr 2020
Ph 1
A Two-part Proof-of-Concept Study Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of LAT8881 in Lumbar Radicular Pain
NCT05298306
17 May 2022 to 16 Jun 2023

3 trials · 3 completed · 3 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 2Results postedNCT03865953

Oral LAT8881 in Neuropathic Pain

Lateral Pharma Pty Ltdn = 539 Apr 2019 to 3 May 2020

Neuropathic Pain · Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) · Post Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN)

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 14 Jun 2021

CompletedPhase 2Results postedNCT04153409

A Proof of Concept Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral LAT8881 in Acute Migraine

Lateral Pharma Pty Ltdn = 2124 Sept 2019 to 10 Apr 2020

Acute Migraine

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 28 Apr 2021

CompletedPhase 1Results postedNCT05298306

A Two-part Proof-of-Concept Study Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of LAT8881 in Lumbar Radicular Pain

Lateral Pharma Pty Ltdn = 2617 May 2022 to 16 Jun 2023

Radiculopathy Lumbar

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 27 Nov 2024

Papers

Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.

Sort

Design

28 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.

Showing 14 of 28 studiesquery qry_fdf4eba6742368da497133ce

Studies with results

10 studies

Not a test of AOD-9604 alone · 2016

22 results

Simplifying and expanding the screening for peptides <2 kDa by direct urine injection, liquid chromatography, and ion mobility mass spectrometry.

Thomas et al. 2016Journal of separation sciencecited by 38

PMID 26578461DOI 10.1002/jssc.201501060PUB-26578461

Rights unknown3 results where AOD-9604 was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Source link See results (22)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2001

7 results

Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment.

Heffernan et al. 2001International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesitycited by 25

PMID 11673763DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801740PUB-11673763

Rights unknown7 results where AOD-9604 was given

Source link See results (7)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2001

9 results

The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice.

Heffernan et al. 2001Endocrinologycited by 19

PMID 11713213DOI 10.1210/endo.142.12.8522PUB-11713213

Full text at the publisher9 results where AOD-9604 was given

Publisher page See results (9)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2000

3 results

Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone.

Ng et al. 2000Hormone researchcited by 17

PMID 11146367DOI 10.1159/000053183PUB-11146367

Full text at the publisher3 results where AOD-9604 was given

Publisher page See results (3)

Not a test of AOD-9604 alone · 2015

7 results

Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604.

Cox et al. 2015Drug testing and analysiscited by 11

PMID 25208511DOI 10.1002/dta.1715PUB-25208511

Full text at the publisher7 results where AOD-9604 was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (7)

Animal study (in vivo) · rabbit · 2015

12 results

Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model.

Kwon et al. 2015Annals of clinical and laboratory sciencecited by 9

PMID 26275694PUB-26275694

Full text at the publisher6 results where AOD-9604 was given (plus 6 on tools or combinations, listed separately)

Publisher page See results (12)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2023

7 results

Naturally derived cytokine peptides limit virus replication and severe disease during influenza A virus infection.

Harpur et al. 2023Clinical & translational immunologycited by 8

PMID 36969366PMC10034483DOI 10.1002/cti2.1443PUB-36969366

CC BY7 results where AOD-9604 was given

Download PDF See results (7)

Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2024

1 result

Harnessing Endogenous Peptide Compounds as Potential Therapeutics for Severe Influenza.

West et al. 2024The Journal of infectious diseasescited by 6

PMID 38060822PMC11326819DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiad566PUB-38060822

CC BY1 result where AOD-9604 was given

Download PDF See results (1)

Animal study (in vivo) · rodent · 2026

11 results

Lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 1 (LanCL1): a therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.

Spanswick et al. 2026Pain

PMID 42263267PMC13382871DOI 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000004014PUB-42263267

Free to read · publisher termsCC BY-NC-ND11 results where AOD-9604 was given

Read at source See results (11)

Not a test of AOD-9604 alone · 2026

21 results

Rapid and harmonized analytical workflow for the determination of peptidic and non-peptidic doping agents in dried and liquid blood matrices.

Mazzarino et al. 2026The Analyst

PMID 42328738DOI 10.1039/d6an00455ePUB-42328738

Full text at the publisher3 results where AOD-9604 was a tool, carrier or part of a combination

Publisher page See results (21)

More studies

6 studies in all, 4 on this page

PubMed tag: Letter · 2014

Identification and characterization of peptide drugs in unknown pharmaceutical preparations seized by the Belgian authorities: case report on AOD9604.

Vanhee et al. 2014Drug testing and analysiscited by 14

PMID 24976118DOI 10.1002/dta.1687PUB-24976118

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Letter · 2013

AOD-9604 does not influence the WADA hGH isoform immunoassay.

Orlovius et al. 2013Drug testing and analysiscited by 8

PMID 24124033DOI 10.1002/dta.1557PUB-24124033

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Review · 2007

[Obesity: a review of currently used antiobesity drugs and new compounds in clinical development].

Zieba et al. 2007Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)cited by 6

PMID 17971763PUB-17971763

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Review · 2004

AOD-9604 Metabolic.

Wilding et al. 2004Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000)cited by 1

PMID 15134286PUB-15134286

Bayes et al. 2003Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacologycited by 2

PMID 14685303PUB-14685303

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2026

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Rahman et al. 2026Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviewscited by 2

PMID 41490200PMC12753158DOI 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-25-00236PUB-41490200

Free to read · publisher termsCC BY-NC-ND

Read at source

Newer studies

PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.

AOD-9604 studies: 10 papers with results

Page 1 of 1

Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment.
Heffernan MA · International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2001
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 7 results
The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice.
Heffernan M · Endocrinology · 2001
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 9 results
Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone.
Ng FM · Hormone research · 2000
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 3 results
Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model.
Kwon DR · Annals of clinical and laboratory science · 2015
Animal study (in vivo) · rabbit · 12 results
Naturally derived cytokine peptides limit virus replication and severe disease during influenza A virus infection.
Harpur CM · Clinical & translational immunology · 2023
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 7 results
Harnessing Endogenous Peptide Compounds as Potential Therapeutics for Severe Influenza.
West AC · The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024
Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 1 result
Lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 1 (LanCL1): a therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
Spanswick DC · Pain · 2026
Animal study (in vivo) · rodent · 11 results
Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604.
Cox HD · Drug testing and analysis · 2015
Not a test of AOD-9604 alone · 7 results
Simplifying and expanding the screening for peptides <2 kDa by direct urine injection, liquid chromatography, and ion mobility mass spectrometry.
Thomas A · Journal of separation science · 2016
Not a test of AOD-9604 alone · 22 results
Rapid and harmonized analytical workflow for the determination of peptidic and non-peptidic doping agents in dried and liquid blood matrices.
Mazzarino M · The Analyst · 2026
Not a test of AOD-9604 alone · 21 results

Status and safety

Regulatory and safety

Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction, with date and source
Jurisdiction	Body	Status	As of	Source
US	FDA	No Drugs@FDA application (openFDA, names AOD-9604 and LAT8881).	8 Oct 2026	Not recorded
EU	EMA	No entry in EMA medicines data.	8 Oct 2026	Not recorded
Sport	WADA	Banned in sport (WADA S2) Named in S2.2.3: 'growth hormone fragments, e.g. AOD-9604 and hGH 176-191'.	2026 List	wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab)

Safety outcomes

3 safety results for AOD-9604.

No safety results from studies in people

The safety results below come from animal or lab studies. They do not show what happens in people.

Animal evidence· 3

In obese mice, AOD9604 did not induce hyperglycaemia, unlike hGH.
Animal study (in vivo)mice
In obese mice, AOD9604 did not reduce insulin secretion, unlike hGH.
Animal study (in vivo)mice
In obese Zucker rats, chronic AOD9604 showed no adverse effect on insulin sensitivity in euglycemic clamp tests, unlike intact hGH.
Animal study (in vivo)rats

Doses studied · 3

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

500 microg/kg body weight dailyAnimal
Species
rats
Route
oral
Duration
19 days
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
0.25 mg AOD9604 weeklyAnimal
Species
rabbit
Route
intra-articular
Duration
4-7 weeks
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
0.25 mg AOD9604 with 6 mg HA weeklyAnimal
Species
rabbit
Route
intra-articular
Duration
4-7 weeks
Design
Animal study (in vivo)

Doses studied in the study results, as given in the studies.
Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design
500 microg/kg body weight daily	Animal	rats	oral	19 days	Animal study (in vivo)
0.25 mg AOD9604 weekly	Animal	rabbit	intra-articular	4-7 weeks	Animal study (in vivo)
0.25 mg AOD9604 with 6 mg HA weekly	Animal	rabbit	intra-articular	4-7 weeks	Animal study (in vivo)

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Data

Data and API

Data version, change history and code for this peptide.

Data version 30856030 Oct 2026

Peptide

Peptide id: PEP-000012
Peptide version: 8
Peptide hash: 9b86c6d4459ddd91…
Data version: 308560

Latest changes

27 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 256639
22 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 254489
21 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 213594
14 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 194676
13 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 173526
12 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 165101

For developers

curl -s https://pepbank.io/v1/briefs/aod-9604

Evidence summary for AOD-9604: counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.

Peptide as JSON Evidence summary as JSON

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
PainNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 6 results from 1 study: 4 decrease, 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 1 study: 3 decrease. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	9
Fat metabolism and adipogenesisMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 7 results from 3 studies: 6 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	7
Bone and jointMusculoskeletal	No results	Animal: 6 results from 1 study: 6 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	6
Receptor activity and mechanismPharmacology	No results	Animal: 2 results from 2 studies: 1 increase, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 4 results from 3 studies: 2 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	6
Body weightMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 5 results from 3 studies: 3 decrease, 1 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	5
Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 3 results from 2 studies: 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	3
Infection and antimicrobial activityInfection	No results	Animal: 2 results from 1 study: 1 increase, 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	2
Antiviral activityInfection	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
Body compositionMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
Cell viability and deathInfection	No results	No results	Lab: 1 result from 1 study: 1 increase. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	1
Immune responseImmune and inflammation	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
Inflammation markersImmune and inflammation	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
PainNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 6 results from 1 study: 4 decrease, 2 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 3 results from 1 study: 3 decrease. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	9
Fat metabolism and adipogenesisMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 7 results from 3 studies: 6 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	7
Bone and jointMusculoskeletal	No results	Animal: 6 results from 1 study: 6 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	6
Receptor activity and mechanismPharmacology	No results	Animal: 2 results from 2 studies: 1 increase, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	Lab: 4 results from 3 studies: 2 no significant change, 2 not reported. Strongest design: Ex vivo tissue	No results	6
Body weightMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 5 results from 3 studies: 3 decrease, 1 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	5
Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 3 results from 2 studies: 3 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	3
Infection and antimicrobial activityInfection	No results	Animal: 2 results from 1 study: 1 increase, 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	2
Antiviral activityInfection	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
Body compositionMetabolic and weight	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
Cell viability and deathInfection	No results	No results	Lab: 1 result from 1 study: 1 increase. Strongest design: In vitro (cells)	No results	1
Immune responseImmune and inflammation	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1
Inflammation markersImmune and inflammation	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1

AOD-9604 studies and research data

AOD-9604 identity

Targets

Sequence and structure

Sequence

Alignment to Somatotropin (human growth hormone)

Properties

Net charge by pH

Composition

3D structure

2D structure

Helical wheel

AOD-9604 results by year and outcome

What the studies measured

AOD-9604 studies on weight and appetite

AOD-9604 studies on pain

AOD-9604 studies on bones and joints

AOD-9604 studies on blood sugar

AOD-9604 studies on infections

AOD-9604 studies on receptors and cell signals

AOD-9604 studies on immune system and inflammation

AOD-9604 studies on survival and serious illness

AOD-9604 studies on cells, genes and aging

AOD-9604 trials

Oral LAT8881 in Neuropathic Pain

A Proof of Concept Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral LAT8881 in Acute Migraine

A Two-part Proof-of-Concept Study Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of LAT8881 in Lumbar Radicular Pain

Papers

Studies with results

Simplifying and expanding the screening for peptides <2 kDa by direct urine injection, liquid chromatography, and ion mobility mass spectrometry.

Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment.

The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice.

Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone.

Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604.

Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model.

Naturally derived cytokine peptides limit virus replication and severe disease during influenza A virus infection.

Harnessing Endogenous Peptide Compounds as Potential Therapeutics for Severe Influenza.

Lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 1 (LanCL1): a therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.

Rapid and harmonized analytical workflow for the determination of peptidic and non-peptidic doping agents in dried and liquid blood matrices.

More studies

Identification and characterization of peptide drugs in unknown pharmaceutical preparations seized by the Belgian authorities: case report on AOD9604.

AOD-9604 does not influence the WADA hGH isoform immunoassay.

[Obesity: a review of currently used antiobesity drugs and new compounds in clinical development].

AOD-9604 Metabolic.

Analytical approaches for the detection of emerging therapeutics and non-approved drugs in human doping controls.

Obesity drugs in clinical development.

Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Detecting peptidic drugs, drug candidates and analogs in sports doping: current status and future directions.

Current updates in the medical management of obesity.

Potential role of new therapies in modifying cardiovascular risk in overweight patients with metabolic risk factors.

Gateways to clinical trials.

Gateways to clinical trials.

Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.

Gateways to clinical trials.

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Newer studies

AOD-9604 studies: 10 papers with results

Regulatory and safety

Animal evidence· 3

Doses studied · 3

Data and API

Peptide

Latest changes

For developers

Related peptides

AOD-9604 results by year and outcome

AOD-9604 studies on weight and appetite

AOD-9604 studies on pain

AOD-9604 studies on bones and joints

AOD-9604 studies on blood sugar

AOD-9604 studies on infections

AOD-9604 studies on receptors and cell signals

AOD-9604 studies on immune system and inflammation

AOD-9604 studies on survival and serious illness

AOD-9604 studies on cells, genes and aging

AOD-9604 trials

Oral LAT8881 in Neuropathic Pain

A Proof of Concept Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral LAT8881 in Acute Migraine

A Two-part Proof-of-Concept Study Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of LAT8881 in Lumbar Radicular Pain

Papers