A Research Study in Children With a Low Level of Hormone to Grow. Treatment is Somapacitan Once a Week Compared to Norditropin® Once a Day (REAL4)
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 20020 May 2019 to 30 Sept 2025
Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
PepBank has 46 somapacitan studies with results. All of them gave somapacitan, with 320 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.
Searches 320 results and 64 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC
Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.
Somapacitan is a 191-residue growth hormone analog with an albumin-binding side chain at Cys101. It replaces endogenous growth hormone in labeled populations.
| Target | Action | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Growth hormone receptorGHRP10912 (opens in a new tab) | Agonist | Official prescribing information, mechanism of actionSource (opens in a new tab) |
Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.
191 amino acids · 1 modification · 2 disulfide bonds
Calculated from the two sequences. Curated notes are shown as given.
190 of 191 aligned residues identical (99%) · 1 substitution · Human growth hormone 1–191
Differences from the parent
Basis: Somapacitan uses the 191-residue mature human growth hormone backbone with L101C and a side chain conjugated at Cys101. Alignment to UniProt P01241 residues 27-217 shows only L101C. The existing somatotropin record remains the parent. No fragment positions are asserted.
Calculated from the two sequences with @pepdb/chem alignToParent (ungapped unless a gap scores higher). The record’s curated notes are shown as given.
Some values cannot be calculated. A modification changes this value and is not modeled here (for example a lipid, metal or linker).
@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses
No charge curve
A modification changes this value and is not modeled here (for example a lipid, metal or linker).
191 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.
Loads the 3D viewer (3Dmol.js, about 150 KB) and the model file from AlphaFold DB (EMBL-EBI).
An ideal alpha-helix projection. It shows where the hydrophobic residues fall if the peptide folds as a helix. It does not show that it does.
Eisenberg consensus (normalized) scale · + K, R · − D, E
Assumes an ideal α-helix: 100° per residue, 3.6 residues per turn. The arrow is the mean hydrophobic moment (Eisenberg et al. 1984) and points at the hydrophobic face.
| Position | Residue | Angle | Eisenberg consensus (normalized) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F | 0° | 1.19 |
| 2 | P | 100° | 0.12 |
| 3 | T | 200° | -0.05 |
| 4 | I | 300° | 1.38 |
| 5 | P | 40° | 0.12 |
| 6 | L | 140° | 1.06 |
| 7 | S | 240° | -0.18 |
| 8 | R | 340° | -2.53 |
| 9 | L | 80° | 1.06 |
| 10 | F | 180° | 1.19 |
| 11 | D | 280° | -0.90 |
| 12 | N | 20° | -0.78 |
| 13 | A | 120° | 0.62 |
| 14 | M | 220° | 0.64 |
| 15 | L | 320° | 1.06 |
| 16 | R | 60° | -2.53 |
| 17 | A | 160° | 0.62 |
| 18 | H | 260° | -0.40 |
| 19 | R | 0° | -2.53 |
| 20 | L | 100° | 1.06 |
| 21 | H | 200° | -0.40 |
| 22 | Q | 300° | -0.85 |
| 23 | L | 40° | 1.06 |
| 24 | A | 140° | 0.62 |
| 25 | F | 240° | 1.19 |
| 26 | D | 340° | -0.90 |
| 27 | T | 80° | -0.05 |
| 28 | Y | 180° | 0.26 |
| 29 | Q | 280° | -0.85 |
| 30 | E | 20° | -0.74 |
| 31 | F | 120° | 1.19 |
| 32 | E | 220° | -0.74 |
| 33 | E | 320° | -0.74 |
| 34 | A | 60° | 0.62 |
| 35 | Y | 160° | 0.26 |
| 36 | I | 260° | 1.38 |
| 37 | P | 0° | 0.12 |
| 38 | K | 100° | -1.50 |
| 39 | E | 200° | -0.74 |
| 40 | Q | 300° | -0.85 |
| 41 | K | 40° | -1.50 |
| 42 | Y | 140° | 0.26 |
| 43 | S | 240° | -0.18 |
| 44 | F | 340° | 1.19 |
| 45 | L | 80° | 1.06 |
| 46 | Q | 180° | -0.85 |
| 47 | N | 280° | -0.78 |
| 48 | P | 20° | 0.12 |
| 49 | Q | 120° | -0.85 |
| 50 | T | 220° | -0.05 |
| 51 | S | 320° | -0.18 |
| 52 | L | 60° | 1.06 |
| 53 | C | 160° | 0.29 |
| 54 | F | 260° | 1.19 |
People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.
PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.
Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.
Studies by year
46 of 64 studies have results (72%), published 2017 to 2026. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about Somapacitan, by class. The rows use different scales.
Studies64 in all, 2017 to 2026
Studies with results46 in all, 2017 to 2026
Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.
AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.
Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.
21 trials match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.
21 trials · 8 ongoing · 13 completed · 8 with posted results
First Human Dose Trial of NNC0195-0092 (Somapacitan) in Healthy Subjects
NCT0151450016 Jan 2012 to 18 Mar 2013
A Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Availability and Distribution in the Body of Once-weekly Long-acting Growth Hormone (Somapacitan) Compared to Once Daily Norditropin NordiFlex® in Adults With Growth Hormone Deficiency
NCT0170678312 Oct 2012 to 18 Nov 2013
A Trial Investigating Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Single Dose of Long-acting Growth Hormone (Somapacitan) Compared to Daily Dosing of Norditropin® SimpleXx® in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency
NCT0197324416 Dec 2013 to 4 Nov 2014
Investigating Efficacy and Safety of Once-weekly NNC0195-0092 Treatment Compared to Daily Growth Hormone Treatment (Norditropin® FlexPro®) in Growth Hormone Treatment naïve Pre-pubertal Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency
NCT0261656231 Mar 2016 to 26 Sept 2024
A Trial Investigating the Absorption, Metabolism and Excretion of Somapacitan After Single Dosing in Healthy Male Subjects
NCT02962440Nov 2016 to Jan 2017
A Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Once Weekly Dosing of Somapacitan (NNC0195-0092) and Daily Norditropin® FlexPro® for 52 Weeks in Previously Human Growth Hormone Treated Japanese Adults With Growth Hormone Deficiency
NCT030756443 Mar 2017 to 4 Oct 2018
Investigation of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety and Tolerability of Multiple Doses of Somapacitan in Subjects With Various Degrees of Impaired Renal Function Compared to Subjects With Normal Renal Function
NCT0318649520 Jun 2017 to 17 May 2018
Investigation of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety and Tolerability of Multiple Doses of Somapacitan in Subjects With Mild and Moderate Degrees of Hepatic Impairment Compared to Subjects With Normal Hepatic Function.
NCT0321213116 Aug 2017 to 8 Mar 2018
21 trials · 8 ongoing · 13 completed · 8 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 20020 May 2019 to 30 Sept 2025
Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 471 Feb 2023 to est. 29 Oct 2027
SGA · Turner Syndrome · Noonan Syndrome · ISS
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 41210 Aug 2022 to est. 29 Oct 2027
SGA, Turner Syndrome, Noonan Syndrome, ISS
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 11022 Jul 2021 to 18 Dec 2023
Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 30131 Oct 2014 to 7 May 2018
Growth Hormone Disorder · Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 623 Mar 2017 to 4 Oct 2018
Growth Hormone Disorder · Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 9212 Feb 2015 to 4 Jan 2016
Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency · Growth Hormone Disorder
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 624 Jul 2019 to est. 23 Dec 2026
Short Stature Children Born Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 7631 Mar 2016 to 26 Sept 2024
Growth Hormone Disorder · Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 10516 Jan 2012 to 18 Mar 2013
Growth Hormone Disorder · Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency · Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children · Healthy
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 3512 Oct 2012 to 18 Nov 2013
Growth Hormone Disorder · Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 3216 Dec 2013 to 4 Nov 2014
Growth Hormone Disorder · Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 4420 Jun 2017 to 17 May 2018
Growth Hormone Disorder · Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency · Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 3329 Mar 2019 to 15 Jul 2019
Healthy Volunteers · Growth Hormone Deficiency
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 3416 Aug 2017 to 8 Mar 2018
Growth Hormone Disorder · Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency · Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 7Nov 2016 to Jan 2017
Healthy
Mayo Clinicn = 1022 Oct 2024 to est. Dec 2027
Gastroparesis
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 4003 Feb 2023 to est. 15 Dec 2032
Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 2004 Oct 2023 to est. 31 Dec 2026
Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 2003 Feb 2022 to est. 31 Dec 2026
Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency
Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 50013 Dec 2024 to est. 14 Apr 2034
Growth Hormone Deficiency · Neoplasms · Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.
64 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.
Showing 23 of 64 studiesquery qry_82d46fbe91466aeacb7efddb
46 studies in all, 17 on this page
Randomized controlled trial · 2020
Johannsson et al. 2020The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 65
PMID 32022863PMC7076631DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgaa049PUB-32022863
Randomized controlled trial · 2022
Miller et al. 2022The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismn = 200cited by 65
PMID 36062966PMC9693810DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgac513PUB-36062966
Randomized controlled trial · 2018
Johannsson et al. 2018European journal of endocrinologyn = 92cited by 56
PMID 29500310PMC5920019DOI 10.1530/eje-17-1073PUB-29500310
Randomized controlled trial · 2017
Battelino et al. 2017Clinical endocrinologyn = 32cited by 48
PMID 28656605DOI 10.1111/cen.13409PUB-28656605
Randomized controlled trial · 2022
Sävendahl et al. 2022The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 47
PMID 34964458PMC9016428DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgab928PUB-34964458
Randomized controlled trial · 2020
Otsuka et al. 2020Clinical endocrinologyn = 62cited by 34
PMID 32603494PMC7689735DOI 10.1111/cen.14273PUB-32603494
Non-randomized trial · 2023
Sävendahl et al. 2023The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismn = 50cited by 32
PMID 36995872PMC10505532DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgad183PUB-36995872
Animal study (in vivo) · cynomolgus monkey, minipig and rat · 2017
Thygesen et al. 2017Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Societycited by 30
PMID 28595133DOI 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.05.006PUB-28595133
In vitro (cell-free) · 2020
Johansson et al. 2020Biochemistrycited by 28
PMID 32208682DOI 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00019PUB-32208682
Randomized controlled trial · 2024
Mori et al. 2024Clinical endocrinologyn = 30cited by 16
PMID 38368603DOI 10.1111/cen.15025PUB-38368603
Observational study · 2023
Kildemoes et al. 2023Journal of the Endocrine Societycited by 15
PMID 37818403PMC10561011DOI 10.1210/jendso/bvad115PUB-37818403
Non-randomized trial · 2021
Helleberg et al. 2021European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciencesn = 7cited by 12
PMID 34601071DOI 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106030PUB-34601071
Randomized controlled trial · 2023
Takahashi et al. 2023Pituitaryn = 239cited by 12
PMID 36380045PMC9908671DOI 10.1007/s11102-022-01283-3PUB-36380045
Observational study · 2022
Kildemoes et al. 2022European journal of endocrinologycited by 11
PMID 35521713PMC9175552DOI 10.1530/eje-21-1167PUB-35521713
Randomized controlled trial · 2026
Fu et al. 2026Hormone research in paediatricsn = 110cited by 9
PMID 40324364PMC12129415DOI 10.1159/000545786PUB-40324364
Randomized controlled trial · 2025
Juul et al. 2025The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismn = 62cited by 8
PMID 39271158PMC11913088DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgae616PUB-39271158
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2020
Petersen et al. 2020International journal of molecular sciencescited by 7
PMID 32053994PMC7072805DOI 10.3390/ijms21041181PUB-32053994
14 studies in all, 6 on this page
PubMed tag: Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial, Phase II · 2020
Sävendahl et al. 2020The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 54
PMID 31917835PMC7069655DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgz310PUB-31917835
PubMed tag: none · 2021
Juul Kildemoes et al. 2021The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 30
PMID 33313798PMC7823237DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgaa775PUB-33313798
PubMed tag: Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial, Phase III · 2023
Miller et al. 2023The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 26
PMID 37406251PMC10655534DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgad394PUB-37406251
PubMed tag: Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial, Phase II · 2023
Juul et al. 2023European journal of endocrinologycited by 15
PMID 36651161DOI 10.1093/ejendo/lvac008PUB-36651161
PubMed tag: none · 2025
Rodaro et al. 2025Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolismcited by 9
PMID 39810511PMC12061763DOI 10.6065/apem.2448202.101PUB-39810511
PubMed tag: Meta-Analysis · 2021
Papathanasiou et al. 2021Clinical pharmacokineticscited by 8
PMID 33864240PMC8416863DOI 10.1007/s40262-021-01011-3PUB-33864240
These studies name Somapacitan but give no result for it (for example, the results concern another peptide in the study).
PubMed tag: Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial, Phase I · 2019
Juul et al. 2019Clinical pharmacokineticscited by 29
PMID 29671202PMC6325982DOI 10.1007/s40262-018-0662-5PUB-29671202
PubMed tag: Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial, Phase III · 2024
Garner et al. 2024The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismcited by 8
PMID 38066644PMC11031233DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgad717PUB-38066644
Page 1 of 1
Miller BS · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 10 results
Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 11 results
Fu J · Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Mauras N · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Jorge AAL · European journal of endocrinology · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 3 results
Otsuka F · Clinical endocrinology · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Otsuka F · Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 12 results
Mori J · Clinical endocrinology · 2024
Randomized controlled trial · 7 results
Johannsson G · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Linglart A · European journal of endocrinology · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Takahashi Y · Pituitary · 2023
Randomized controlled trial · 10 results
Miller BS · European journal of endocrinology · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Johannsson G · European journal of endocrinology · 2018
Randomized controlled trial · 6 results
Juul A · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 11 results
Otsuka F · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 4 results
Dombernowsky SL · Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Battelino T · Clinical endocrinology · 2017
Randomized controlled trial · 14 results
Jensterle M · Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025
Randomized controlled trial · 3 results
Brod M · Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 8 results
Sävendahl L · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022
Randomized controlled trial · 5 results
Abuzzahab J · European journal of endocrinology · 2026
Randomized controlled trial · 2 results
Savendahl L · Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2020
Randomized controlled trial · 16 results
Bentz Damholt B · Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2021
Non-randomized trial · 9 results
Sävendahl L · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023
Non-randomized trial · 4 results
Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022
Non-randomized trial · 17 results
Taguchi T · Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026
Non-randomized trial · 5 results
Iwayama H · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026
Non-randomized trial · 5 results
Seki Y · Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025
Non-randomized trial · 9 results
Helleberg H · European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2021
Non-randomized trial · 14 results
Sävendahl L · Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026
Non-randomized trial · 6 results
Juul A · European journal of endocrinology · 2026
Non-randomized trial · 4 results
Sävendahl L · Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026
Non-randomized trial · 5 results
Oi-Yo Y · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026
Observational study · 8 results
Al-Agha AE · Saudi medical journal · 2025
Observational study · 4 results
Tsujimoto Y · Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society · 2026
Observational study · 5 results
Abe I · Medicine · 2023
Observational study · 7 results
Kildemoes RJ · Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023
Observational study · 1 result
Kildemoes RJ · European journal of endocrinology · 2022
Observational study · 1 result
Abe I · Drug discoveries & therapeutics · 2026
Observational study · 14 results
Rakusa M · Pituitary · 2024
Case report or series · 2 results
Higuchi Y · JCEM case reports · 2025
Case report or series · 4 results
Shimizu Y · Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society · 2025
Animal study (in vivo) · horse · 3 results
Thygesen P · Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society · 2017
Animal study (in vivo) · cynomolgus monkey, minipig and rat · 11 results
Petersen M · International journal of molecular sciences · 2020
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 4 results
Helleberg H · European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2022
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 8 results
Johansson E · Biochemistry · 2020
In vitro (cell-free) · 7 results
Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.
| Jurisdiction | Body | Status | As of | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | FDA |
| 27 Oct 2026 | dailymed.nlm.nih.gov (opens in a new tab) |
| EU | EMA |
| 27 Oct 2026 | ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) |
| Sport | WADA | Banned in sport (WADA S2.2.3) Growth hormone and its analogs are prohibited at all times. | 2026 List | wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab) |
83 safety results for Somapacitan.
In children with GHD, injection-site reactions occurred in 5.3% with somapacitan versus 5.9% with daily GH.
Randomized controlled trialn = 200
In children with GHD, injection-site reactions occurred in 5.3% with somapacitan versus 5.9% with daily GH, described as similar.
Randomized controlled trialn = 200
In girls with Turner syndrome, somapacitan and daily GH had similar safety profiles.
Randomized controlled trialn = 105
In children with Noonan syndrome, somapacitan was well tolerated and had a safety profile similar to daily GH.
Randomized controlled trialn = 77
In Japanese adults with GH deficiency, AE rates were similar with somapacitan and daily GH: 312.7 versus 309.8 per 100 patient-years.
Randomized controlled trialn = 62
In children born SGA, safety and tolerability were reported as similar across all groups, including the somapacitan and daily GH groups.
Randomized controlled trialn = 62
In Japanese adults with GHD, AE rates were similar with somapacitan and daily GH: 312.7 versus 309.8 per 100 patient-years.
Randomized controlled trialn = 62
In Japanese adults with GH deficiency, somapacitan had a safety profile similar to daily GH.
Randomized controlled trialn = 36
The top 24 of 83 results.
The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.
0.16 mg/kg/wkHuman
0.16 mg/kg/weekHuman
0.16 mg/kg/weekHuman
0.24 mg/kg/weekHuman
0.24 mg/kg/weekHuman
0.16 mg/kg/weekHuman
6 of 37 shown
PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.
Data version, change history and code for this peptide.
curl -s https:// pepbank.io/ v1/ briefs/ somapacitanEvidence summary for Somapacitan: counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.
In PepBank now:147 peptides, 6 blends and 13 other compounds97,577 study results from 17,383 studies8,473 clinical trialsUpdated
Top outcomes
The 8 outcome groups with the most study results, by evidence class.
Data version 308560. Bar length is the number of results, not the size of an effect.
Evidence matrix
Study results by outcome and evidence class. Arrows show how the measured outcome moved, not whether the change is good.
| Outcome group | Human | Animal | Lab | Computer model | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse eventsWhole body | Human: 75 results from 29 studies: 4 increase, 4 decrease, 11 no significant change, 56 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 75 |
| Growth hormone and IGF-1Endocrine and hormones | Human: 74 results from 25 studies: 24 increase, 9 decrease, 12 no significant change, 1 mixed, 28 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 4 results from 2 studies: 4 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | No results | No results | 78 |
| Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight | Human: 25 results from 6 studies: 2 increase, 4 decrease, 8 no significant change, 1 mixed, 10 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 25 |
| PharmacokineticsPharmacology | Human: 22 results from 5 studies: 4 increase, 2 decrease, 16 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 16 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 15 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | No results | No results | 38 |
| Linear growthMusculoskeletal | Human: 20 results from 8 studies: 8 increase, 8 decrease, 4 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 20 |
| Body weightMusculoskeletal | Human: 12 results from 5 studies: 4 decrease, 3 no significant change, 5 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | Animal: 2 results from 1 study: 2 increase. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo) | No results | No results | 14 |
| Liver fat and liver functionLiver | Human: 6 results from 3 studies: 2 decrease, 4 not reported. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial | No results | No results | No results | 6 |
| Patient-reported outcomesWhole body | Human: 6 results from 4 studies: 6 increase. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 6 |
| Patterns of useWhole body | Human: 6 results from 5 studies: 3 decrease, 3 not reported. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 6 |
| Body compositionMetabolic and weight | Human: 5 results from 2 studies: 2 increase, 2 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial | No results | No results | No results | 5 |
| Inflammation markersLiver | Human: 5 results from 1 study: 3 increase, 2 decrease. Strongest design: Non-randomized trial | No results | No results | No results | 5 |
| PainSkin and wound | Human: 5 results from 2 studies: 4 decrease, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Randomized controlled trial | No results | No results | No results | 5 |
12 outcome groups shown of 27 · 320 study results
Data version 308560. Shade grows with the number of results. Every cell shows the exact count.
Trials by phase
21 registered trials, grouped by phase and shown by status.
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, data version 308560. Status is the registry status.