Recent Studies on the Effectiveness and Safety of Anti-Obesity Medications: A Scoping Review.

Puspitasari IM, Putra DS, Deliyana AN, Adiputri NI, Octovia LI, Paramita SA, Sinuraya RK

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2 Sept 2026

PMID42812898PMCIDPMC13623077DOI10.2147/dmso.s626279PepBankPUB-42812898

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, semaglutide achieved approximately 10-16% weight loss over treatment durations of 20-70 weeks in the included studies.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, semaglutide led to about 10-16% weight loss in the studies reviewed.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWeight loss with semaglutide
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 20-70 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Weight loss
10 to 16%
semaglutide
Source sentences
Summary
Among these, GLP-1 RA consistently demonstrated substantial weight-loss efficacy, with semaglutide achieving approximately 10-16% weight loss, while tirzepatide produced approximately 15-21% weight reduction over treatment durations of 20-70 weeks.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in May 2025 to identify original studies published within the previous five years involving individuals with overweight or obesity receiving pharmacological interventions.
Summary · context
A total of 42 articles representing 41 unique studies, predominantly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the evidence synthesis.
Report a problemFND-4281289801
02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, tirzepatide produced approximately 15-21% weight reduction over treatment durations of 20-70 weeks in the included studies.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, tirzepatide led to about 15-21% weight loss in the studies reviewed.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseWeight reduction with tirzepatide
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 20-70 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Weight reduction
15 to 21%
tirzepatide
Source sentences
Summary
Among these, GLP-1 RA consistently demonstrated substantial weight-loss efficacy, with semaglutide achieving approximately 10-16% weight loss, while tirzepatide produced approximately 15-21% weight reduction over treatment durations of 20-70 weeks.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in May 2025 to identify original studies published within the previous five years involving individuals with overweight or obesity receiving pharmacological interventions.
Summary · context
A total of 42 articles representing 41 unique studies, predominantly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the evidence synthesis.
Report a problemFND-4281289802

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class (including liraglutide) consistently demonstrated substantial weight-loss efficacy.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, GLP-1 drugs as a group led to substantial weight loss in the studies reviewed.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWeight-loss efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists (pooled)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RA consistently demonstrated substantial weight-loss efficacy
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), including semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, and orforglipron
Summary · context
A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in May 2025 to identify original studies published within the previous five years involving individuals with overweight or obesity receiving pharmacological interventions.
Summary · context
A total of 42 articles representing 41 unique studies, predominantly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the evidence synthesis.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4281289803
04HumanNot a test of Retatrutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, emerging multi-receptor incretin agonists (including retatrutide) demonstrated promising efficacy.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, newer multi-target incretin drugs as a group showed promising results in the studies reviewed.
Peptide
Retatrutide
Outcome
Not applicableEfficacy of emerging multi-receptor incretin agonists (pooled)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Emerging multi-receptor incretin agonists also demonstrated promising efficacy
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
multi-receptor incretin agonists, including tirzepatide, retatrutide, and survodutide; amylin-based combination therapy (cagrilintide plus semaglutide); established non-incretin AOMs (orlistat, phentermine, phentermine/topiramate, and naltrexone/bupropion); microbiome-targeted therapies; and nutrace…
Summary · context
A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in May 2025 to identify original studies published within the previous five years involving individuals with overweight or obesity receiving pharmacological interventions.
Summary · context
A total of 42 articles representing 41 unique studies, predominantly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the evidence synthesis.
In this study, Retatrutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Retatrutide.
Report a problemFND-4281289804
05HumanNot a test of Survodutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, emerging multi-receptor incretin agonists (including survodutide) demonstrated promising efficacy.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, newer multi-target incretin drugs as a group showed promising results in the studies reviewed.
Peptide
Survodutide
Outcome
Not applicableEfficacy of emerging multi-receptor incretin agonists (pooled)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Emerging multi-receptor incretin agonists also demonstrated promising efficacy
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
multi-receptor incretin agonists, including tirzepatide, retatrutide, and survodutide; amylin-based combination therapy (cagrilintide plus semaglutide); established non-incretin AOMs (orlistat, phentermine, phentermine/topiramate, and naltrexone/bupropion); microbiome-targeted therapies; and nutrace…
Summary · context
A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in May 2025 to identify original studies published within the previous five years involving individuals with overweight or obesity receiving pharmacological interventions.
Summary · context
A total of 42 articles representing 41 unique studies, predominantly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the evidence synthesis.
In this study, Survodutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Survodutide.
Report a problemFND-4281289805
06HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, gastrointestinal adverse events were the most frequently reported events across incretin-based therapies, which include semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, stomach and bowel side effects were the most common side effects of incretin drugs as a group.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicableGastrointestinal adverse events, incretin-based therapies (pooled)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) were the most frequently reported across incretin-based therapies.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), including semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, and orforglipron
Summary · context
A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in May 2025 to identify original studies published within the previous five years involving individuals with overweight or obesity receiving pharmacological interventions.
Summary · context
A total of 42 articles representing 41 unique studies, predominantly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the evidence synthesis.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4281289806
07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, gastrointestinal adverse events were the most frequently reported events across incretin-based therapies, which include liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, stomach and bowel side effects were the most common side effects of incretin drugs as a group.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableGastrointestinal adverse events, incretin-based therapies (pooled)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) were the most frequently reported across incretin-based therapies.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), including semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, and orforglipron
Summary · context
A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in May 2025 to identify original studies published within the previous five years involving individuals with overweight or obesity receiving pharmacological interventions.
Summary · context
A total of 42 articles representing 41 unique studies, predominantly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the evidence synthesis.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4281289807
08HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, gastrointestinal adverse events were the most frequently reported events across incretin-based therapies, which include tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, stomach and bowel side effects were the most common side effects of incretin drugs as a group.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Not applicableGastrointestinal adverse events, incretin-based therapies (pooled)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) were the most frequently reported across incretin-based therapies.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
multi-receptor incretin agonists, including tirzepatide, retatrutide, and survodutide; amylin-based combination therapy (cagrilintide plus semaglutide); established non-incretin AOMs (orlistat, phentermine, phentermine/topiramate, and naltrexone/bupropion); microbiome-targeted therapies; and nutrace…
Summary · context
A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in May 2025 to identify original studies published within the previous five years involving individuals with overweight or obesity receiving pharmacological interventions.
Summary · context
A total of 42 articles representing 41 unique studies, predominantly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the evidence synthesis.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4281289808
09HumanNot a test of Retatrutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, gastrointestinal adverse events were the most frequently reported events across incretin-based therapies, which include retatrutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, stomach and bowel side effects were the most common side effects of incretin drugs as a group.
Peptide
Retatrutide
Outcome
Not applicableGastrointestinal adverse events, incretin-based therapies (pooled)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) were the most frequently reported across incretin-based therapies.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
multi-receptor incretin agonists, including tirzepatide, retatrutide, and survodutide; amylin-based combination therapy (cagrilintide plus semaglutide); established non-incretin AOMs (orlistat, phentermine, phentermine/topiramate, and naltrexone/bupropion); microbiome-targeted therapies; and nutrace…
Summary · context
A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in May 2025 to identify original studies published within the previous five years involving individuals with overweight or obesity receiving pharmacological interventions.
Summary · context
A total of 42 articles representing 41 unique studies, predominantly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the evidence synthesis.
In this study, Retatrutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Retatrutide.
Report a problemFND-4281289809
10HumanNot a test of Survodutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, gastrointestinal adverse events were the most frequently reported events across incretin-based therapies, which include survodutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, stomach and bowel side effects were the most common side effects of incretin drugs as a group.
Peptide
Survodutide
Outcome
Not applicableGastrointestinal adverse events, incretin-based therapies (pooled)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) were the most frequently reported across incretin-based therapies.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
multi-receptor incretin agonists, including tirzepatide, retatrutide, and survodutide; amylin-based combination therapy (cagrilintide plus semaglutide); established non-incretin AOMs (orlistat, phentermine, phentermine/topiramate, and naltrexone/bupropion); microbiome-targeted therapies; and nutrace…
Summary · context
A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in May 2025 to identify original studies published within the previous five years involving individuals with overweight or obesity receiving pharmacological interventions.
Summary · context
A total of 42 articles representing 41 unique studies, predominantly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the evidence synthesis.
In this study, Survodutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Survodutide.
Report a problemFND-4281289810

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 8Current
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 7
10 Oct 2026, 10:21 UTC
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 6
9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC
The same notice was added 5 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC