Development and validation of a multiplexed LC-HRMS method for nine GLP-1 receptor agonists and its pharmaceutical application.

Tong LH, Leung KK, Hung CT

Journal of chromatography. A21 Jul 2026

PMID42603384DOI10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467288PepBankPUB-42603384

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study13

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone13

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01LabNot a test of Mazdutide aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
A top-down LC-HRMS/MS method identified nine GLP-1 receptor agonists, including mazdutide, with mass accuracy of 0.0-0.5 ppm and fragment ion coverage of 76-100%.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, a mass spectrometry method identified mazdutide and eight other drugs with high accuracy. The ranges cover all nine drugs together.
Peptide
Mazdutide
Outcome
Not applicablePeptide identification by top-down HRMS/MS
Study
n: not reported in source
LC-HRMS assay
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
Mass accuracy
0 to 0.5 ppm
nine GLP-1 RAs
Fragment ion coverage
76 to 100%
nine GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
Peptide identification adopted a top-down approach, achieving mass accuracy of 0.0-0.5 ppm and fragment ion coverage of 76-100%.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs): bofanglutide, ecnoglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, mazdutide, retatrutide, semaglutide, survodutide, and tirzepatide.
In this study, Mazdutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Mazdutide.
Report a problemFND-4260338401
02LabNot a test of Mazdutide aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
The LC-HRMS method was linear over 4-235 ng/mL for nine GLP-1 receptor agonists including mazdutide, with LODs of 0.44-2.06 ng/mL and LOQs of 8.29-11.74 ng/mL.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the method measured mazdutide and eight other drugs over a set concentration range. The ranges cover all nine drugs together.
Peptide
Mazdutide
Outcome
Not applicableLinearity and detection limits of LC-HRMS quantitation
Study
n: not reported in source
LC-HRMS assay
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
Linearity r²
≥ 0.995 r²
nine GLP-1 RAs
Linear range
4 to 235 ng/mL
nine GLP-1 RAs
LOD
0.44 to 2.06 ng/mL
nine GLP-1 RAs
LOQ
8.29 to 11.74 ng/mL
nine GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
The method showed good linearity (r² ≥ 0.995) over 4-235 ng/mL, with LODs of 0.44-2.06 ng/mL and LOQs of 8.29-11.74 ng/mL.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs): bofanglutide, ecnoglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, mazdutide, retatrutide, semaglutide, survodutide, and tirzepatide.
In this study, Mazdutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Mazdutide.
Report a problemFND-4260338402
03LabNot a test of Mazdutide aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
The optimised method gave baseline separation for most of the nine peptides within a 20-minute runtime; the abstract does not say which peptides.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the method separated most of the nine drugs within a 20-minute run. The abstract does not say which ones.
Peptide
Mazdutide
Outcome
Not applicableChromatographic resolution and runtime
Study
n: not reported in source
LC-HRMS assay
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
Runtime
20 min
nine GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
The optimised method provided excellent resolution with baseline separation for most peptides within a 20-minute runtime.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs): bofanglutide, ecnoglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, mazdutide, retatrutide, semaglutide, survodutide, and tirzepatide.
In this study, Mazdutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Mazdutide.
Report a problemFND-4260338403
04LabNot a test of Survodutide aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
A top-down LC-HRMS/MS method identified nine GLP-1 receptor agonists, including survodutide, with mass accuracy of 0.0-0.5 ppm and fragment ion coverage of 76-100%.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, a mass spectrometry method identified survodutide and eight other drugs with high accuracy. The ranges cover all nine drugs together.
Peptide
Survodutide
Outcome
Not applicablePeptide identification by top-down HRMS/MS
Study
n: not reported in source
LC-HRMS assay
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
Mass accuracy
0 to 0.5 ppm
nine GLP-1 RAs
Fragment ion coverage
76 to 100%
nine GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
Peptide identification adopted a top-down approach, achieving mass accuracy of 0.0-0.5 ppm and fragment ion coverage of 76-100%.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs): bofanglutide, ecnoglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, mazdutide, retatrutide, semaglutide, survodutide, and tirzepatide.
In this study, Survodutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Survodutide.
Report a problemFND-4260338404
05LabNot a test of Survodutide aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
The LC-HRMS method was linear over 4-235 ng/mL for nine GLP-1 receptor agonists including survodutide, with LODs of 0.44-2.06 ng/mL and LOQs of 8.29-11.74 ng/mL.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the method measured survodutide and eight other drugs over a set concentration range. The ranges cover all nine drugs together.
Peptide
Survodutide
Outcome
Not applicableLinearity and detection limits of LC-HRMS quantitation
Study
n: not reported in source
LC-HRMS assay
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
Linearity r²
≥ 0.995 r²
nine GLP-1 RAs
Linear range
4 to 235 ng/mL
nine GLP-1 RAs
LOD
0.44 to 2.06 ng/mL
nine GLP-1 RAs
LOQ
8.29 to 11.74 ng/mL
nine GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
The method showed good linearity (r² ≥ 0.995) over 4-235 ng/mL, with LODs of 0.44-2.06 ng/mL and LOQs of 8.29-11.74 ng/mL.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs): bofanglutide, ecnoglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, mazdutide, retatrutide, semaglutide, survodutide, and tirzepatide.
In this study, Survodutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Survodutide.
Report a problemFND-4260338405
06LabNot a test of Survodutide aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
The optimised method gave baseline separation for most of the nine peptides within a 20-minute runtime; the abstract does not say which peptides.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the method separated most of the nine drugs within a 20-minute run. The abstract does not say which ones.
Peptide
Survodutide
Outcome
Not applicableChromatographic resolution and runtime
Study
n: not reported in source
LC-HRMS assay
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
Runtime
20 min
nine GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
The optimised method provided excellent resolution with baseline separation for most peptides within a 20-minute runtime.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs): bofanglutide, ecnoglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, mazdutide, retatrutide, semaglutide, survodutide, and tirzepatide.
In this study, Survodutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Survodutide.
Report a problemFND-4260338406
07LabNot a test of Semaglutide aloneOther designOther
An LC-HRMS method quantified semaglutide, with good linearity over 4-235 ng/mL, as one of nine GLP-1 receptor agonists.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, a mass spectrometry method measured semaglutide and eight other GLP-1 drugs over a set concentration range.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicableLC-HRMS linearity and detection limits
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The method showed good linearity (r² ≥ 0.995) over 4-235 ng/mL, with LODs of 0.44-2.06 ng/mL and LOQs of 8.29-11.74 ng/mL.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A rapid, sensitive, and selective multiplexed liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed and validated for the identification and quantitation of nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4260338407
08LabNot a test of Liraglutide aloneOther designOther
An LC-HRMS method quantified liraglutide, with good linearity over 4-235 ng/mL, as one of nine GLP-1 receptor agonists.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, a mass spectrometry method measured liraglutide and eight other GLP-1 drugs over a set concentration range.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableLC-HRMS linearity and detection limits
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The method showed good linearity (r² ≥ 0.995) over 4-235 ng/mL, with LODs of 0.44-2.06 ng/mL and LOQs of 8.29-11.74 ng/mL.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A rapid, sensitive, and selective multiplexed liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed and validated for the identification and quantitation of nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4260338408
09LabNot a test of Retatrutide aloneOther designOther
An LC-HRMS method quantified retatrutide, with good linearity over 4-235 ng/mL, as one of nine GLP-1 receptor agonists.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, a mass spectrometry method measured retatrutide and eight other GLP-1 drugs over a set concentration range.
Peptide
Retatrutide
Outcome
Not applicableLC-HRMS linearity and detection limits
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The method showed good linearity (r² ≥ 0.995) over 4-235 ng/mL, with LODs of 0.44-2.06 ng/mL and LOQs of 8.29-11.74 ng/mL.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A rapid, sensitive, and selective multiplexed liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed and validated for the identification and quantitation of nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
In this study, Retatrutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Retatrutide.
Report a problemFND-4260338409
10LabNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneOther designOther
An LC-HRMS method quantified tirzepatide, with good linearity over 4-235 ng/mL, as one of nine GLP-1 receptor agonists.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, a mass spectrometry method measured tirzepatide and eight other GLP-1 drugs over a set concentration range.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Not applicableLC-HRMS linearity and detection limits
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The method showed good linearity (r² ≥ 0.995) over 4-235 ng/mL, with LODs of 0.44-2.06 ng/mL and LOQs of 8.29-11.74 ng/mL.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A rapid, sensitive, and selective multiplexed liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed and validated for the identification and quantitation of nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4260338410
11LabNot a test of Semaglutide aloneOther designOther
The LC-HRMS method gave mean recoveries of 113.7-118.4% for marketed formulations of liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, a mass spectrometry method measured semaglutide in marketed products, with recoveries of 113.7-118.4% across three drugs.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicableRecovery from marketed formulations
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
mean recovery
113.7 to 118.4%
marketed formulations
Source sentences
Summary
It was successfully applied to marketed formulations of liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide using a simple dilute-and-shoot procedure, yielding mean recoveries of 113.7-118.4%.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A rapid, sensitive, and selective multiplexed liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed and validated for the identification and quantitation of nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4260338411
12LabNot a test of Liraglutide aloneOther designOther
The LC-HRMS method gave mean recoveries of 113.7-118.4% for marketed formulations of liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, a mass spectrometry method measured liraglutide in marketed products, with recoveries of 113.7-118.4% across three drugs.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableRecovery from marketed formulations
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
mean recovery
113.7 to 118.4%
marketed formulations
Source sentences
Summary
It was successfully applied to marketed formulations of liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide using a simple dilute-and-shoot procedure, yielding mean recoveries of 113.7-118.4%.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A rapid, sensitive, and selective multiplexed liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed and validated for the identification and quantitation of nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4260338412
13LabNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneOther designOther
The LC-HRMS method gave mean recoveries of 113.7-118.4% for marketed formulations of liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, a mass spectrometry method measured tirzepatide in marketed products, with recoveries of 113.7-118.4% across three drugs.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Not applicableRecovery from marketed formulations
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
mean recovery
113.7 to 118.4%
marketed formulations
Source sentences
Summary
It was successfully applied to marketed formulations of liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide using a simple dilute-and-shoot procedure, yielding mean recoveries of 113.7-118.4%.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A rapid, sensitive, and selective multiplexed liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed and validated for the identification and quantitation of nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4260338413

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 7 to 42Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:04 UTC
The same notice was added 36 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 6
9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC
The same notice was added 5 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

Keywords

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