Benefits and Harms of Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians.

Damen JAA, Idema DL, Vernooij RWM, Huis In 't Veld LF, Kusters MPT, Lokerse ME, de Kanter E, Spijker R, van der Braak K, Jenniskens K, Oerbekke MS, Hooft L

Annals of internal medicine16 Jun 2026Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID42296503DOI10.7326/annals-24-03764PepBankPUB-42296503

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. 4 results from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, semaglutide probably reduced mortality in the network meta-analysis.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, semaglutide probably lowered the risk of death in this pooled analysis of trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAll-cause mortality
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Mortality · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Semaglutide probably reduced mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The review included 69 studies with a total of 112 511 participants.
Report a problemFND-4229650301
02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, semaglutide probably reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the network meta-analysis.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, semaglutide probably lowered the risk of major heart and blood vessel events in this pooled analysis of trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMajor adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Semaglutide probably reduced mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The review included 69 studies with a total of 112 511 participants.
Report a problemFND-4229650302
03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, semaglutide led to the greatest weight loss versus placebo and/or lifestyle intervention in pairwise and network meta-analyses, as did tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, semaglutide gave the largest weight loss compared with placebo or lifestyle change alone, as did tirzepatide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWeight loss
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo and/or lifestyle intervention
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
both semaglutide and tirzepatide led to the greatest weight loss compared with placebo and/or LI in pairwise and network meta-analyses.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The review included 69 studies with a total of 112 511 participants.
Report a problemFND-4229650303
04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, tirzepatide led to the greatest weight loss versus placebo and/or lifestyle intervention in pairwise and network meta-analyses, as did semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, tirzepatide gave the largest weight loss compared with placebo or lifestyle change alone, as did semaglutide.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseWeight loss
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo and/or lifestyle intervention
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
both semaglutide and tirzepatide led to the greatest weight loss compared with placebo and/or LI in pairwise and network meta-analyses.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The review included 69 studies with a total of 112 511 participants.
Report a problemFND-4229650304

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

05HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, nearly all studied pharmacologic interventions pooled, including semaglutide, reduced weight more than placebo and/or lifestyle intervention.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, nearly all the drugs studied together reduced weight more than placebo or lifestyle change alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWeight loss, pooled interventions
Study
n = 112,511
Comparator
Placebo and/or lifestyle intervention
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
In meta-analyses, nearly all studied interventions were more effective than placebo and/or LI in reducing weight, but more discontinuations due to adverse events were observed.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
retatrutide, semaglutide, semaglutide-cagrilintide
Summary · context
The review included 69 studies with a total of 112 511 participants.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4229650305
06HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity, pooled pharmacologic interventions, including semaglutide, had more discontinuations due to adverse events than placebo and/or lifestyle intervention.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, more people stopped taking the studied drugs together because of side effects than stopped placebo or lifestyle change.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseDiscontinuations due to adverse events, pooled interventions
Study
n = 112,511
Comparator
Placebo and/or lifestyle intervention
Outcome group
Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
but more discontinuations due to adverse events were observed.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
retatrutide, semaglutide, semaglutide-cagrilintide
Summary · context
The review included 69 studies with a total of 112 511 participants.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4229650306

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 31 to 48Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:04 UTC
The same notice was added 18 times, first on 14 Oct 2026, 05:01 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Version 30
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Versions 6 to 29
13 Oct 2026, 21:46 UTC
The same notice was added 24 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 5
9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC
The same notice was added 4 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC