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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2025

15 results

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes.

Natale P, Green SC, Tunnicliffe DJ, Pellegrino G, Toyama T, Strippoli GF

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews18 Feb 2025Cited by 8 (Europe PMC)

PMID39963952 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC11834151 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1002/14651858.cd015849.pub2 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-39963952
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Summary

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Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study15

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone15

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  1. 01HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1RAs probably reduced 3-point MACE versus placebo (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.98; moderate-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1 drugs probably reduced 3-point MACE versus placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Decrease3-point major adverse cardiovascular events
    Study

    n = 19,825

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    RR
    0.84
    GLP-1 receptor agonists versus placebo; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.98; I2 = 65%; 4 studies; moderate-certainty evidence

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to placebo, GLP-1 receptor agonists probably decreased 3-point MACE (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.98; I² = 65%; 4 studies, 19,825 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), and 4-point MACE compared to placebo (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.89; 1 study, 2,158 participants; moderate-certainty evidence).
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 02HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1RAs probably reduced all-cause death versus placebo (RR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.98; moderate-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1 drugs probably reduced all-cause death versus placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseAll-cause death
    Study

    n = 17,861

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body

    Measurements

    RR
    0.85
    GLP-1 receptor agonists versus placebo; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.98; I2 = 23%; 8 studies; moderate-certainty evidence

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to placebo, GLP-1 receptor agonists probably reduced the risk of all-cause death (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.98; I2 = 23%; 8 studies, 17,861 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), but may have little or no effect on cardiovascular death (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.05; I2<…
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  3. 03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1RAs may have little or no effect on cardiovascular death versus placebo (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.68 to 1.05; low-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1 drugs may change cardiovascular death little or not at all versus placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeCardiovascular death
    Study

    n = 17,801

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    RR
    0.84
    GLP-1 receptor agonists versus placebo; 95% CI 0.68 to 1.05; I2 = 42%; 7 studies; low-certainty evidence

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to placebo, GLP-1 receptor agonists probably reduced the risk of all-cause death (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.98; I2 = 23%; 8 studies, 17,861 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), but may have little or no effect on cardiovascular death (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.05; I2<…
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  4. 04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1RAs probably have little or no effect on composite kidney outcomes versus placebo (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.02; moderate-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1 drugs may change composite kidney outcomes little or not at all versus placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeComposite kidney outcome
    Study

    n = 16,849

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary

    Measurements

    RR
    0.89
    GLP-1 receptor agonists versus placebo; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.02; I2 = 0%; 2 studies; moderate-certainty evidence

    Source sentences

    Summary
    or on composite kidney outcomes (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.02; I2 = 0%; 2 studies, 16,849 participants; moderate-certainty evidence).
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, GLP-1 receptor agonists
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  5. 05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1RAs may have little or no effect on severe hypoglycaemia versus placebo (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.25; low-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1 drugs may change severe hypoglycaemia little or not at all versus placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeSevere hypoglycaemia
    Study

    n = 6,292

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    RR
    0.82
    GLP-1 receptor agonists versus placebo; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.25; I2 = 44%; 4 studies; low-certainty evidence

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to placebo, GLP-1 receptor agonists may have little or no effect on the risk of severe hypoglycaemia (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.25; I2 = 44%; 4 studies, 6,292 participants; low-certainty evidence).
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  6. 06HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1RAs probably have little or no effect on kidney failure versus placebo (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.13; moderate-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1 drugs may change kidney failure little or not at all versus placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeKidney failure
    Study

    n = 4,134

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary

    Measurements

    RR
    0.86
    GLP-1 receptor agonists versus placebo; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.13; I2 = 0%; 3 studies; moderate-certainty evidence

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to placebo, GLP-1 receptor agonists probably had little or no effect on kidney failure, defined as starting dialysis or kidney transplant (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.13; I2 = 0%; 3 studies, 4,134 participants; moderate-certainty evidence)
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  7. 07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1RAs probably reduced 4-point MACE versus placebo (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.89; moderate-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1 drugs probably reduced 4-point MACE versus placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Decrease4-point major adverse cardiovascular events
    Study

    n = 2,158

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    RR
    0.77
    GLP-1 receptor agonists versus placebo; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.89; 1 study; moderate-certainty evidence

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to placebo, GLP-1 receptor agonists probably decreased 3-point MACE (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.98; I² = 65%; 4 studies, 19,825 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), and 4-point MACE compared to placebo (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.89; 1 study, 2,158 participants; moderate-certainty evidence).
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  8. 08HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD stages 1-2, pooled GLP-1RA absolute-risk estimates projected 52 all-cause deaths prevented per 1000 people treated over 1 year; the estimate reference was unstated.

    In plain wordsIn adult T2D/CKD stages 1-2, pooled GLP-1 estimates projected 52 all-cause deaths prevented per 1000 treated over 1 year; reference unstated.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableEstimated all-cause deaths prevented in CKD stages 1-2
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body

    Measurements

    all-cause deaths
    52 per 1000 people treated
    CKD stages 1-2 over 1 year; projected prevented deaths, not observed event count or native effect

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Based on absolute risks of clinical outcomes, it is likely that GLP-1 receptor agonists prevent all-cause death in 52 people with CKD stages 1-2 and 116 in CKD stages 3-5,
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    for every 1000 people treated over 1 year.
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  9. 09HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD stages 1-2, pooled GLP-1RA absolute-risk estimates projected 34 cardiovascular deaths prevented per 1000 people treated over 1 year; the estimate reference was unstated.

    In plain wordsIn adult T2D/CKD stages 1-2, pooled GLP-1 estimates projected 34 cardiovascular deaths prevented per 1000 treated over 1 year; reference unstated.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableEstimated cardiovascular deaths prevented in CKD stages 1-2
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Mortality · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    cardiovascular deaths
    34 per 1000 people treated
    CKD stages 1-2 over 1 year; projected prevented deaths, not observed event count or native effect

    Source sentences

    Summary
    cardiovascular death in 34 people with CKD stages 1-2 and 71 in CKD stages 3-5,
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    for every 1000 people treated over 1 year.
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  10. 10HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD stages 1-2, pooled GLP-1RA absolute-risk estimates projected 95 people experiencing a major cardiovascular event per 1000 people treated over 1 year; the estimate reference was unstated.

    In plain wordsIn adult T2D/CKD stages 1-2, pooled GLP-1 estimates projected 95 people with major cardiovascular events per 1000 treated over 1 year; reference unstated.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableEstimated major cardiovascular events event risk in CKD stages 1-2
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    major cardiovascular events
    95 per 1000 people treated
    CKD stages 1-2 over 1 year; projected people with events, not observed event count or native effect

    Source sentences

    Summary
    while 95 CKD stages 1-2 and 153 in CKD stages 3-5 might experience a major cardiovascular event for every 1000 people treated over 1 year.
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    for every 1000 people treated over 1 year.
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  11. 11HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1RA effects versus standard care or other hypoglycaemic agents were uncertain; no native liraglutide estimate was reported.

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and CKD, pooled GLP-1 effects versus standard care or other glucose-lowering drugs were uncertain.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedEffects versus standard care or other hypoglycaemic agents
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Standard care or other hypoglycaemic agents
    Outcome group
    Overall treatment effect · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists compared to standard care or other hypoglycaemic agents were uncertain.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  12. 12HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    Across pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide, no studies evaluated fatigue, life participation, amputation, or fracture.

    In plain wordsIn adult T2D/CKD evidence, no GLP-1 studies evaluated fatigue, life participation, amputation or fracture; this was evidence absence, not a clinical null.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableEvidence coverage for fatigue, life participation, amputation, and fracture
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Overall treatment effect · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No studies evaluated treatment on risks of fatigue, life participation, amputation or fracture.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  13. 13HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD stages 3-5, pooled GLP-1RA absolute-risk estimates projected 116 all-cause deaths prevented per 1000 people treated over 1 year; the estimate reference was unstated.

    In plain wordsIn adult T2D/CKD stages 3-5, pooled GLP-1 estimates projected 116 all-cause deaths prevented per 1000 treated over 1 year; reference unstated.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableEstimated all-cause deaths prevented in CKD stages 3-5
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body

    Measurements

    all-cause deaths
    116 per 1000 people treated
    CKD stages 3-5 over 1 year; projected prevented deaths, not observed event count or native effect

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Based on absolute risks of clinical outcomes, it is likely that GLP-1 receptor agonists prevent all-cause death in 52 people with CKD stages 1-2 and 116 in CKD stages 3-5,
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    for every 1000 people treated over 1 year.
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  14. 14HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD stages 3-5, pooled GLP-1RA absolute-risk estimates projected 71 cardiovascular deaths prevented per 1000 people treated over 1 year; the estimate reference was unstated.

    In plain wordsIn adult T2D/CKD stages 3-5, pooled GLP-1 estimates projected 71 cardiovascular deaths prevented per 1000 treated over 1 year; reference unstated.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableEstimated cardiovascular deaths prevented in CKD stages 3-5
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Mortality · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    cardiovascular deaths
    71 per 1000 people treated
    CKD stages 3-5 over 1 year; projected prevented deaths, not observed event count or native effect

    Source sentences

    Summary
    cardiovascular death in 34 people with CKD stages 1-2 and 71 in CKD stages 3-5,
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    for every 1000 people treated over 1 year.
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  15. 15HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    In reviewed adults with T2D and CKD stages 3-5, pooled GLP-1RA absolute-risk estimates projected 153 people experiencing a major cardiovascular event per 1000 people treated over 1 year; the estimate reference was unstated.

    In plain wordsIn adult T2D/CKD stages 3-5, pooled GLP-1 estimates projected 153 people with major cardiovascular events per 1000 treated over 1 year; reference unstated.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableEstimated major cardiovascular events event risk in CKD stages 3-5
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    major cardiovascular events
    153 per 1000 people treated
    CKD stages 3-5 over 1 year; projected people with events, not observed event count or native effect

    Source sentences

    Summary
    while 95 CKD stages 1-2 and 153 in CKD stages 3-5 might experience a major cardiovascular event for every 1000 people treated over 1 year.
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    for every 1000 people treated over 1 year.
    Summary · context
    The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched to 10 September 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review.
    Summary · context
    Randomised controlled studies were eligible if participants with diabetes and CKD were randomly allocated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, placebo, standard care or a second glucose-lowering agent.
    Summary · context
    The primary outcomes included death (all-cause and cardiovascular), 3- and 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), kidney failure, composite kidney outcome, and severe hypoglycaemia.
    Summary · context
    All studies were conducted on people with type 2 diabetes, and no studies were carried out on children.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials39

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

39 trials · 37 completed · 29 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

Status unknownNot applicableNCT06555146

Semaglutide's Effect on Renal Hemodynamics and Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nephropathy

Bispebjerg Hospitaln = 15est. Aug 2024 to est. Mar 2025

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 · Kidney Disease, Chronic

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 15 Aug 2024
CompletedPhase 2NCT05536804

A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Participants With Overweight or Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease With or Without Type 2 Diabetes

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 1348 Feb 2023 to 30 Jul 2026

Overweight · Obesity · Chronic Kidney Disease · Type 2 Diabetes · T2D

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 11 Sept 2026
CompletedNot applicableNCT06182891

Renoprotective Effects of Dulaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy

The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical Universityn = 30030 Oct 2021 to 30 Oct 2023

Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 27 Dec 2023
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT04865770

A Research Study to Find Out How Semaglutide Works in the Kidneys Compared to Placebo, in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease (the REMODEL Trial)

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 10628 Apr 2021 to 21 Nov 2024

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 · Chronic Kidney Disease

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 10 Feb 2026
CompletedPhase 2Results postedNCT04515849

A Study of Cotadutide in Participants Who Have Chronic Kidney Disease With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

AstraZenecan = 24831 Aug 2020 to 8 Mar 2022

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus · Chronic Kidney Diseases

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 17 Jan 2025
Status unknownPhase 4NCT04061200

Renal Effects of Treatment With Empagliflozin Alone or in Combination With Semaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Albuminuria

Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagenn = 80est. 1 Nov 2019 to est. 1 Aug 2021

Type 2 Diabetes With Renal Manifestations

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 19 Aug 2019
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT03819153

A Research Study to See How Semaglutide Works Compared to Placebo in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 3,53317 Jun 2019 to 9 Jan 2024

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 20 Mar 2025
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT03914326

A Heart Disease Study of Semaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 9,65117 Jun 2019 to 23 Aug 2024

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 11 Dec 2025
CompletedPhase 4NCT03824002

Dulaglutide in Diabetic Patients, Relationship Between Arterial Stiffness, Endothelial Function, Clinical and Laboratory Variables

University of Palermon = 921 Apr 2017 to 20 Apr 2018

Diabetes Mellitus

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 31 Jan 2019
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT03136484

Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Canagliflozin as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 78815 Mar 2017 to 16 Nov 2018

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 21 Jan 2020
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT02692716

A Trial Investigating the Cardiovascular Safety of Oral Semaglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 3,18317 Jan 2017 to 25 Sept 2018

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 20 Jul 2022
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT02963766

A Study of Dulaglutide (LY2189265) in Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 15429 Dec 2016 to 12 Jan 2022

Type 2 Diabetes

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 1 Jul 2022
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT02827708

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 32420 Sept 2016 to 15 May 2018

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 17 Feb 2020
CompletedPhase 4NCT02690883

Effect of Exenatide on 24h-UAER in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy

Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Universityn = 928 Apr 2016 to 30 Dec 2019

Diabetic Nephropathies

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 9 Mar 2020
CompletedPhase 4Results postedNCT02730377

Efficacy in Controlling Glycaemia With Victoza® (Liraglutide) as add-on to Metformin vs. OADs as add-on to Metformin After up to 104 Weeks of Treatment in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 1,99128 Mar 2016 to 12 Aug 2019

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 7 Jul 2020
CompletedPhase 4NCT02660047

Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Endpoints in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients of South Asian Descent

Leiden University Medical Centern = 51Aug 2015 to 9 Mar 2018

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 · Metabolic Syndrome · Cardiovascular Disease · Diastolic Dysfunction · Fatty Liver

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 21 Mar 2018
CompletedPhase 4Results postedNCT02465515

Effect of Albiglutide, When Added to Standard Blood Glucose Lowering Therapies, on Major Cardiovascular Events in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

GlaxoSmithKlinen = 9,4631 Jul 2015 to 14 Mar 2018

Diabetes Mellitus

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 6 Mar 2019
CompletedPhase 4NCT02545738

Antiproteinuric Effects of Liraglutide Treatment

Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagenn = 32Apr 2015 to May 2016

Diabetic Kidney Disease

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 10 Aug 2016
CompletedPhase 4NCT01761318

Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Endpoints in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients

Leiden University Medical Centern = 50Nov 2013 to Mar 2016

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 · Metabolic Syndrome · Cardiovascular Disease · Diastolic Dysfunction · Fatty Liver

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 5 May 2016
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01952145

A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 55720 Sept 2013 to 4 Nov 2014

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 3 Jan 2019
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01798706

Efficacy and Safety of Lixisenatide Versus Placebo on Top of Basal Insulin and/or Oral Antidiabetic Treatment in Older Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Sanofin = 350Jun 2013 to Feb 2015

Type 2 Diabetes

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 18 Apr 2017
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01794143

A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Major Glycemia-lowering Medications for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

GRADE Study Groupn = 7,850May 2013 to 30 Apr 2021

Type 2 Diabetes · Comparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 10 Feb 2026
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01847313

The Effect of Glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonism on Diabetic Kidney Disease

Karl Neffn = 20Apr 2013 to Nov 2015

Diabetic Kidney Disease

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 8 Feb 2019
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01720446

Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long-term Outcomes With Semaglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 3,29721 Feb 2013 to 15 Mar 2016

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 27 Jun 2019
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01618162

The Efficacy of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide as add-on Therapy in Controlling Glycaemia in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Sulphonylurea With or Without Metformin Therapy

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 43529 Aug 2012 to 23 Oct 2013

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 27 Oct 2017
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01676116

The Efficacy of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide in Controlling Glycaemia in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and OAD Therapy

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 43829 Aug 2012 to 11 Mar 2014

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 3 Jan 2019
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01621178

A Study Comparing Dulaglutide With Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Moderate or Severe Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 577Jul 2012 to Dec 2016

Type 2 Diabetes · Chronic Kidney Disease

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 19 Sept 2019
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01620489

Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Versus Placebo as add-on to Existing Diabetes Medication in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 27914 Jun 2012 to 20 Aug 2013

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 19 Mar 2019
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01392573

A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide and Insulin Degludec in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 41328 Nov 2011 to 4 Oct 2012

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 3 Jan 2019
CompletedPhase 4NCT01394341

Liraglutide Treatment to Patients With Severe Renal Insufficiency

Bo Feldt-Rasmussenn = 40Sept 2011 to Oct 2013

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus · End-stage Renal Disease

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 9 Oct 2013
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01394952

Researching Cardiovascular Events With a Weekly Incretin in Diabetes (REWIND)

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 9,90122 Jul 2011 to 21 Aug 2018

Cardiovascular Disease · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 8 Oct 2019
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01336023

Dual Action of Liraglutide and Insulin Degludec in Type 2 Diabetes: A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide, Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 1,66323 May 2011 to 22 Nov 2012

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 19 Feb 2018
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01179048

Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results

Novo Nordisk A/Sn = 9,34131 Aug 2010 to 17 Dec 2015

Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 17 Jul 2019
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01144338

Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering Trial (EXSCEL): A Trial To Evaluate Cardiovascular Outcomes After Treatment With Exenatide Once Weekly In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

AstraZenecan = 14,75218 Jun 2010 to 24 Apr 2017

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 8 Aug 2018
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01147250

Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With AVE0010 (Lixisenatide)

Sanofin = 6,068Jun 2010 to Feb 2015

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 20 Dec 2016
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT00763451

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Metformin

Sanofin = 484Sept 2008 to Jan 2011

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 14 Dec 2016
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT00707031

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide Versus Exenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Metformin

Sanofin = 639Jun 2008 to Nov 2010

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 2 Dec 2016
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT00712673

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide (Morning or Evening) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Metformin

Sanofin = 680Jun 2008 to Mar 2011

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 15 Dec 2016
CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT00097500

Effects of Exenatide and Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

AstraZenecan = 69Sept 2004 to Dec 2009

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 7 Apr 2015

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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