In PepBank now:147 peptides, 6 blends and 13 other compounds97,577 study results from 17,383 studies8,473 clinical trialsUpdated
Comparing 2 peptides · Data version 308560
Swipe sideways to see every peptide.
| Peptide | Natural peptide Exenatide (exendin-4) | Synthetic analog Liraglutide | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity | |||
| Kind | Natural peptide | Synthetic analog | |
| Area | Weight and metabolic | Weight and metabolic | |
| Evidence | |||
| Amount of evidence | 3,292 | 4,766 | |
| Evidence level | Has results from studies in people | Has results from studies in people | |
| Safety | |||
| Safety results | 449 (415 in people) | 805 (793 in people) | |
| Status | |||
| Approval | |||
| Sport (WADA) | |||
| Registered trials | 322 · 11 active54 more mention it but do not test it | 469 · 30 active49 more mention it but do not test it | |
Shared outcomes
From the regulatory data of each peptide.
The FDA label for Byetta says: “Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus” No central EU authorisation (EMA).
Outcome groups with study results for at least two of these peptides. Counts include only results from studies that gave the peptide. Bar length is the number of results, on one scale. The bars show how much was studied, not how large an effect was. A peptide with more studies can look stronger here without being stronger. For results, see the randomized results above.
| Outcome group | Exenatide (exendin-4) | Liraglutide |
|---|---|---|
| Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight | 8967171727 | 1,117 |
PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.
The EMA label for Victoza says: “Adults, adolescents and children 10 years and older with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes, as an adjunct to diet and exercise”
| Body weightMetabolic and weight | 27223438 | 83481717 |
|---|
| Adverse eventsWhole body | 27225121 | 50449311 |
|---|
| Gastrointestinal adverse eventsGastrointestinal | 1351341 | 185185 |
|---|
| Heart functionCardiovascular | 14882606 | 214198142 |
|---|
| LipidsMetabolic and weight | 11998201 | 14313733 |
|---|
| Inflammation markersWhole body | 12368478 | 117100152 |
|---|
| PharmacokineticsPharmacology | 12978492 | 969231 |
|---|
| Kidney functionKidney and urinary | 947321 | 1049932 |
|---|
| Blood pressureCardiovascular | 58553 | 1201182 |
|---|
| Cardiovascular eventsCardiovascular | 41383 | 13313111 |
|---|
| Liver fat and liver functionLiver | 4826211 | 1361279 |
|---|
Each analog against its native parent, residue by residue. Substitutions, non-standard residues and modifications are marked. Calculated from the two sequences.
Liraglutide differs from Glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-37) at 1 position and carries 1 added group.
What is different
Registered trials, ranked by phase (late phases first), then posted results and enrollment. Status is the registry status. Study results come from published studies. Results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov are shown on each trial page.
Top 3 of 322 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 3 completed · 3 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
AstraZeneca14,752 participants18 Jun 2010 to 24 Apr 2017
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
AstraZeneca1,036 participantsSept 2009 to Aug 2012
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
AstraZeneca1,029 participantsSept 2006 to Mar 2011
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
54 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.
Top 3 of 469 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 3 completed · 3 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Novo Nordisk A/S9,341 participants31 Aug 2010 to 17 Dec 2015
Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
GRADE Study Group7,850 participantsMay 2013 to 30 Apr 2021
Type 2 Diabetes · Comparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications
Novo Nordisk A/S3,731 participants1 Jun 2011 to 2 Mar 2015
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorder · Obesity
49 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.
For each outcome that two or more peptides have results for: the best result of a single randomized trial, on the same measure (the same kind of number, the same unit). When a trial has several dose arms, the cell shows the highest dose arm. The trials differ in people, length and dose, so a gap between two cells is not proof that one peptide works better.
| Outcome | Exenatide (exendin-4) | Liraglutide |
|---|---|---|
| LipidsCardiovascularCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in mmol/l | −0.2 mmol/L Triglyceride change 36 monthsn = 5152015 | −0.4 mmol/L Triglyceride change Placebo: −0.1 mmol/L Dose studied: 1.8 mg14 weeksn not reported2013 |
| Glycemic controlMetabolic and weightCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | −0.74% HbA1c treatment difference 26 weeksn = 1652010 | −1.09% HbA1c difference |
| Body compositionMetabolic and weightCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | −4.67% Total fat percentage reduction · Shown as a change. The study reports a total fat percentage reduction of this size. Dose studied: 10 μg twice daily12 weeksn = 1762017 | −2.87% Mean percent change in thigh muscle fat Placebo: 0.05% |
| Sex hormones and fertilityEndocrine and hormonesCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | 29.2% Spontaneous pregnancy 12 weeksn = 1602022 | 69.2% Cumulative pregnancy rate |
| Heart functionCardiovascularCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in index | 0.71 index Salvage index Placebo: 0.62 index 15 min before intervention and maintained for 6 h after the proceduren = 1052012 | 0.66 index |
| Body weightMetabolic and weightCompared as: difference from placebo, in kg | −3.1 kg Adjusted treatment difference 26 weeksn not reported2024 | |
| Inflammation markersImmune and inflammationCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | 61% IL-1RA increase Dose studied: 10 μg twice a day12 weeksn = 242018 | −22.6% IL-6 difference vs placebo Dose studied: 1.2-1.8 mg/d26 weeks (after 6 weeks of titration)n = 392019 |
| Blood pressureCardiovascularCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in mm hg | −4.9 mm Hg SBP change n not reported2010 | −5.73 mm Hg 24-hour SBP difference vs placebo Dose studied: 0.6 mg daily, titrated to 1.2 mg after the first week5 weeksn = 622019 |
| Liver fat and liver functionLiverCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | −23.8% HTGC change 26 weeksn = 442016 | −6.3% |
| Kidney functionKidney and urinaryCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | −7.7% UACR change Dose studied: 2 mg/wk6 weeksn not reported2023 | −40.2% UACR change Dose studied: 1.2-1.8 mg/d26 weeks (after 6 weeks of titration) |
| Gastrointestinal adverse eventsGastrointestinalCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | 41% Nausea Placebo: 8% Dose studied: 10 µg twice daily30 weeksn not reported2011 | |
| Adverse eventsGastrointestinalCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | 36% Symptomatic hypoglycaemia Placebo: 9% Dose studied: 5 microg twice daily for 4 weeks, then 10 microg twice daily for 12 weeks16 weeksn = 4662009 | 13% frequency of hypoglycaemia <3.9 mmol/L |
−0.2 mmol/L
Triglyceride change
36 monthsn = 5152015
−0.4 mmol/L
Triglyceride change
Placebo: −0.1 mmol/L
Dose studied: 1.8 mg14 weeksn not reported2013
Dose studied: 1.8 mg once daily26 weeksn = 3442009
Salvage index
Placebo: 0.55 index
Dose studied: 1.8 mg before intervention, then 0.6 mg for 2 days, 1.2 mg for 2 days, 1.8 mg for 3 days7 days after the proceduren = 772016
5.3 kg
Body weight difference
16 weeksn = 972017
HTGC change
Placebo: −4%
n not reported2019
21% Nausea · liraglutide 1.8 mg Dose studied: 1.8 mg once daily26 weeksn = 9112013 |
−0.74%
HbA1c treatment difference
26 weeksn = 1652010
−1.09%
HbA1c difference
Dose studied: 1.8 mg once daily26 weeksn = 3442009
−4.67%
Total fat percentage reduction · Shown as a change. The study reports a total fat percentage reduction of this size.
Dose studied: 10 μg twice daily12 weeksn = 1762017
−2.87%
Mean percent change in thigh muscle fat
Placebo: 0.05%
Dose studied: 3.0 mg target dose, once daily40 weeksn = 1282024
29.2%
Spontaneous pregnancy
12 weeksn = 1602022
69.2%
Cumulative pregnancy rate
Dose studied: 1.2 mg once daily12 weeksn = 282018
0.71 index
Salvage index
Placebo: 0.62 index
15 min before intervention and maintained for 6 h after the proceduren = 1052012
0.66 index
Salvage index
Placebo: 0.55 index
Dose studied: 1.8 mg before intervention, then 0.6 mg for 2 days, 1.2 mg for 2 days, 1.8 mg for 3 days7 days after the proceduren = 772016
−3.1 kg
Adjusted treatment difference
26 weeksn not reported2024
5.3 kg
Body weight difference
16 weeksn = 972017
61%
IL-1RA increase
Dose studied: 10 μg twice a day12 weeksn = 242018
−22.6%
IL-6 difference vs placebo
Dose studied: 1.2-1.8 mg/d26 weeks (after 6 weeks of titration)n = 392019
−4.9 mm Hg
SBP change
n not reported2010
−5.73 mm Hg
24-hour SBP difference vs placebo
Dose studied: 0.6 mg daily, titrated to 1.2 mg after the first week5 weeksn = 622019
−23.8%
HTGC change
26 weeksn = 442016
−6.3%
HTGC change
Placebo: −4%
n not reported2019
−7.7%
UACR change
Dose studied: 2 mg/wk6 weeksn not reported2023
−40.2%
UACR change
Dose studied: 1.2-1.8 mg/d26 weeks (after 6 weeks of titration)n = 392019
41%
Nausea
Placebo: 8%
Dose studied: 10 µg twice daily30 weeksn not reported2011
21%
Nausea · liraglutide 1.8 mg
Dose studied: 1.8 mg once daily26 weeksn = 9112013
36%
Symptomatic hypoglycaemia
Placebo: 9%
Dose studied: 5 microg twice daily for 4 weeks, then 10 microg twice daily for 12 weeks16 weeksn = 4662009
13%
frequency of hypoglycaemia <3.9 mmol/L
n = 2732021