Evaluating the Rates of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer Among GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Wen J, Nadora D, Bernstein E, How-Volkman C, Truong A, Joy B, Kou M, Muttalib Z, Alam A, Frezza E

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism1 Sept 2025Cited by 14 (Europe PMC)

PMID40988099PMCIDPMC12457091DOI10.1002/edm2.70113PepBankPUB-40988099

Summary

AimsThis meta-analysis evaluates the rates of pancreatitis/pancreatic cancer among glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in randomised controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), a systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for GLP-1 RA RCTs that evaluated pancreatitis/pancreatic cancer. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate this risk; subgroup analysis was performed with and without background medications.Results62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed a significantly increased risk of pancreatitis (RR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.09-1.89, p = 0.009), but not when stratified by background medications (RR: 1.28, 95% CI 0.87-1.87) and without background medications (RR: 1.37, 95% CI 0.91-2.05). Pancreatic cancer and GLP-1 RA use showed no significant association (RR: 1.30, 95% CI 0.86-1.97). However, a significant increase was found with background medications (RR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.05-3.26, p = 0.03), but not without (RR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.43-1.55).ConclusionGLP-1 RAs carry a slightly increased risk of pancreatitis, which is not significant when stratified by background medication use. Overall risk for pancreatic cancer was not observed, but a slight association was found when stratified with background medications. However, this difference is likely minimal, given the numerous studies excluded from the meta-analysis where both treatment arms had zero events.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study18

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone18

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including semaglutide), the risk of pancreatitis was significantly increased (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.09-1.89).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, pancreatitis was somewhat more common.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreasePancreatitis risk, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.44 RR
pancreatitis, all GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
Meta-analysis showed a significantly increased risk of pancreatitis (RR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.09-1.89, p = 0.009)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809901
02HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including liraglutide), the risk of pancreatitis was significantly increased (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.09-1.89).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, pancreatitis was somewhat more common.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreasePancreatitis risk, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.44 RR
pancreatitis, all GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
Meta-analysis showed a significantly increased risk of pancreatitis (RR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.09-1.89, p = 0.009)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809902
03HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including tirzepatide), the risk of pancreatitis was significantly increased (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.09-1.89).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, pancreatitis was somewhat more common.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreasePancreatitis risk, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.44 RR
pancreatitis, all GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
Meta-analysis showed a significantly increased risk of pancreatitis (RR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.09-1.89, p = 0.009)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809903
04HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including semaglutide), the pancreatitis risk was not significantly increased when stratified by background medications (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.87-1.87).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear rise in pancreatitis appeared when studies were split by background medicines.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatitis risk with background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.28 RR
pancreatitis, stratified by background medications
Source sentences
Summary
but not when stratified by background medications (RR: 1.28, 95% CI 0.87-1.87)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809904
05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including liraglutide), the pancreatitis risk was not significantly increased when stratified by background medications (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.87-1.87).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear rise in pancreatitis appeared when studies were split by background medicines.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatitis risk with background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.28 RR
pancreatitis, stratified by background medications
Source sentences
Summary
but not when stratified by background medications (RR: 1.28, 95% CI 0.87-1.87)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809905
06HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including tirzepatide), the pancreatitis risk was not significantly increased when stratified by background medications (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.87-1.87).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear rise in pancreatitis appeared when studies were split by background medicines.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatitis risk with background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.28 RR
pancreatitis, stratified by background medications
Source sentences
Summary
but not when stratified by background medications (RR: 1.28, 95% CI 0.87-1.87)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809906
07HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including semaglutide), the pancreatitis risk was not significantly increased without background medications (RR 1.37, 95% CI 0.91-2.05).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear rise in pancreatitis appeared in studies without background medicines.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatitis risk without background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.37 RR
pancreatitis, without background medications
Source sentences
Summary
and without background medications (RR: 1.37, 95% CI 0.91-2.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809907
08HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including liraglutide), the pancreatitis risk was not significantly increased without background medications (RR 1.37, 95% CI 0.91-2.05).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear rise in pancreatitis appeared in studies without background medicines.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatitis risk without background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.37 RR
pancreatitis, without background medications
Source sentences
Summary
and without background medications (RR: 1.37, 95% CI 0.91-2.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809908
09HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including tirzepatide), the pancreatitis risk was not significantly increased without background medications (RR 1.37, 95% CI 0.91-2.05).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear rise in pancreatitis appeared in studies without background medicines.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatitis risk without background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.37 RR
pancreatitis, without background medications
Source sentences
Summary
and without background medications (RR: 1.37, 95% CI 0.91-2.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809909
10HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including semaglutide), GLP-1 RA use showed no significant association with pancreatic cancer (RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.86-1.97).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear link with pancreatic cancer appeared.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatic cancer risk, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.3 RR
pancreatic cancer, all GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
Pancreatic cancer and GLP-1 RA use showed no significant association (RR: 1.30, 95% CI 0.86-1.97).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809910
11HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including liraglutide), GLP-1 RA use showed no significant association with pancreatic cancer (RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.86-1.97).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear link with pancreatic cancer appeared.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatic cancer risk, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.3 RR
pancreatic cancer, all GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
Pancreatic cancer and GLP-1 RA use showed no significant association (RR: 1.30, 95% CI 0.86-1.97).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809911
12HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including tirzepatide), GLP-1 RA use showed no significant association with pancreatic cancer (RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.86-1.97).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear link with pancreatic cancer appeared.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatic cancer risk, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.3 RR
pancreatic cancer, all GLP-1 RAs
Source sentences
Summary
Pancreatic cancer and GLP-1 RA use showed no significant association (RR: 1.30, 95% CI 0.86-1.97).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809912
13HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including semaglutide), pancreatic cancer risk was significantly increased with background medications (RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.05-3.26).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, pancreatic cancer was slightly more common in studies with background medicines.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreasePancreatic cancer risk with background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.85 RR
pancreatic cancer, with background medications
Source sentences
Summary
However, a significant increase was found with background medications (RR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.05-3.26, p = 0.03)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809913
14HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including liraglutide), pancreatic cancer risk was significantly increased with background medications (RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.05-3.26).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, pancreatic cancer was slightly more common in studies with background medicines.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreasePancreatic cancer risk with background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.85 RR
pancreatic cancer, with background medications
Source sentences
Summary
However, a significant increase was found with background medications (RR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.05-3.26, p = 0.03)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809914
15HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including tirzepatide), pancreatic cancer risk was significantly increased with background medications (RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.05-3.26).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, pancreatic cancer was slightly more common in studies with background medicines.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreasePancreatic cancer risk with background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
1.85 RR
pancreatic cancer, with background medications
Source sentences
Summary
However, a significant increase was found with background medications (RR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.05-3.26, p = 0.03)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809915
16HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including semaglutide), pancreatic cancer risk was not significantly increased without background medications (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.43-1.55).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear link with pancreatic cancer appeared in studies without background medicines.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatic cancer risk without background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
0.81 RR
pancreatic cancer, without background medications
Source sentences
Summary
but not without (RR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.43-1.55).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809916
17HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including liraglutide), pancreatic cancer risk was not significantly increased without background medications (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.43-1.55).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear link with pancreatic cancer appeared in studies without background medicines.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatic cancer risk without background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
0.81 RR
pancreatic cancer, without background medications
Source sentences
Summary
but not without (RR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.43-1.55).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809917
18HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In pooled RCTs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including tirzepatide), pancreatic cancer risk was not significantly increased without background medications (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.43-1.55).
In plain wordsIn trials of the GLP-1 drug class as a group, no clear link with pancreatic cancer appeared in studies without background medicines.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changePancreatic cancer risk without background medications, pooled GLP-1 RAs
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Relative risk
0.81 RR
pancreatic cancer, without background medications
Source sentences
Summary
but not without (RR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.43-1.55).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
62 studies utilising dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, beinaglutide, retatrutide, or tirzepatide, with 66,232 patients, mean age of 58.3 years (14.4 to 68), and mean follow-up of 43.5 weeks (1 to 198) were included in this study.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4098809918

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 5 to 40Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:04 UTC
The same notice was added 36 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 19:08 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 4
9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC
The same notice was added 3 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Evaluating the Rates of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer Among GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Summary

Results from this study18

Studies that did not test the peptide alone18

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords