The Cardiovascular Effect of GLP-1 Agonist, SGLT2 Inhibitor and Their Combination

Status

Recruiting

Phase

Phase not stated

Enrollment

240 participants (estimated)

Sponsor

University of Athens · Other

Design

Not stated

Countries

1 country

Greece

Start

3 Nov 2017

Primary completion

31 Dec 2026 (estimated)

Completion

30 Jun 2027 (estimated)

First posted

18 Mar 2019

Last update posted

13 Mar 2026

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

A. Four groups of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with high or very high cardiovascular risk or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) will be studied before and at 6 and 12 months of treatment: * 60 patients treated with a combination of GLP1 analogue and SGLT2 inhibitor ± metformin * 60 patients treated with GLP-1 agonist as a second step after metformin * 60 patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitor as a second step after metformin * 60 patients treated with a combination of insulin and other antidiabetic agents (metformin - DPP4 inhibitors) Individuals will be equal distributed as far as age, gender and body mass index concerned. In addition, patients suffered from kidney disease and retinopathy are excluded.

• Other

  GLP1 and SGLT2i group

  60 patients treated with a combination of liraglutide and empagliflozin. All subjects will undergo an echocardiographic study to estimate GLS, left ventricular twisting-untwisting using speckle tracking imaging and carotid intima-media thickness. PWV, AIx, SBPao and PPao with Arteriograph, Mobilograph and Complior, and perfused boundary region (PBR) of sublingual vessels using Sideview Darkfield Imaging (Microscan, Glycockeck). PBR consists the cell-free space which is formed from the separation of red blood cells from plasma at the surface of the endothelial glycocalyx. Oxidative stress markers, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, thrombomodulin, nitrites and nitrates, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, mitochondrial-derived peptide-c (MOTS-c), blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile will be measured before and at 6 and 12 months of treatment.

• Other

  GLP1 group

  60 patients treated with liraglutide. All subjects will undergo an echocardiographic study in order to estimate GLS, left ventricular twisting-untwisting using speckle tracking imaging and carotid intima-media thickness. PWV, AIx, SBPao and PPao with Arteriograph, Mobilograph and Complior, and perfused boundary region (PBR) of sublingual vessels using Sideview Darkfield Imaging (Microscan, Glycockeck). PBR consists the cell-free space which is formed from the separation of red blood cells from plasma at the surface of the endothelial glycocalyx. Oxidative stress markers, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, thrombomodulin, nitrites and nitrates, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, mitochondrial-derived peptide-c (MOTS-c), blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and a full lipidemic profile will be measured before and at 6 and 12 months of treatment.

• Other

  SGLT2i group

  60 patients treated with empagliflozin. All subjects will undergo an echocardiographic study in order to estimate GLS, left ventricular twisting-untwisting using speckle tracking imaging and carotid intima-media thickness. PWV, AIx, SBPao and PPao with Arteriograph, Mobilograph and Complior, and perfused boundary region (PBR) of sublingual vessels using Sideview Darkfield Imaging (Microscan, Glucockeck). PBR consists the cell-free space which is formed from the separation of red blood cells from plasma at the surface of the endothelial glycocalyx. Oxidative stress markers, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, thrombomodulin, nitrites and nitrates, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, mitochondrial-derived peptide-c (MOTS-c), blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and a full lipidemic profile will be measured before and at 6 and 12 months of treatment.

• Other

  Control group

  60 patients treated with insulin and metformin.All subjects will undergo an echocardiographic study in order to estimate GLS, left ventricular twisting-untwisting using speckle tracking imaging and carotid intima-media thickness. PWV, AIx, SBPao and PPao with Arteriograph, Mobilograph and Complior, and perfused boundary region (PBR) of subglottic vessels using Sideview Darkfield Imaging (Microscan, Glucockeck). PBR consists the cell-free space which is formed from the separation of red blood cells from plasma at the surface of the endothelial glycocalyx. Oxidative stress markers, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, thrombomodulin, nitrites and nitrates, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, mitochondrial-derived peptide-c (MOTS-c), blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and a full lipidemic profile will be measured before and at 6 and 12 months of treatment.

1. Comparison of Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) difference among treatment groups.

   Time frame · 12 months

   Registry description

   Comparison of Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) difference among treatment groups, measured by echocardiographic study