Analysis of the efficacy and safety of liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Pałka W, Moćko P, Śladowska K, Holko P, Kawalec P

Journal of endocrinological investigation6 Aug 2026

PMID42560457PMCIDPMC13627233DOI10.1007/s40618-026-03006-yPepBankPUB-42560457

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study22

10 results from studies that gave the peptide. 10 results from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, tirzepatide 15 mg ranked highest for weight reduction by P-scores among network treatments.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, tirzepatide 15 mg ranked highest for weight reduction among network treatments.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Not applicableBody-weight reduction ranking
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other network treatments
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
15 mgAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Tirzepatide 15 mg ranked highest for weight and waist reduction across analyses based on P-scores.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
Report a problemFND-4256045710
02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, tirzepatide 15 mg ranked highest for waist reduction by P-scores among network treatments.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, tirzepatide 15 mg ranked highest for waist reduction among network treatments.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Not applicableWaist-reduction ranking
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other network treatments
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
15 mgAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Tirzepatide 15 mg ranked highest for weight and waist reduction across analyses based on P-scores.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
Report a problemFND-4256045711
03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, semaglutide 7.2 mg ranked above 2.4 mg for body-weight efficacy by P-scores.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, semaglutide 7.2 mg ranked above 2.4 mg for body-weight efficacy.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicableBody-weight efficacy ranking
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Semaglutide 2.4 mg
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
7.2 mgAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Semaglutide 7.2 mg ranked above semaglutide 2.4 mg for all efficacy endpoints based on P-scores; but the significant advantage in percentage bodyweight change was found only in the diabetes subgroup.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
Report a problemFND-4256045712
04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity in long-term trials, semaglutide 7.2 mg had a significant bodyweight-change advantage over 2.4 mg only in the diabetes subgroup.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and diabetes, semaglutide 7.2 mg had a significant bodyweight-change advantage over 2.4 mg.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreasePercentage body-weight change in diabetes subgroup
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Semaglutide 2.4 mg
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
7.2 mgAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Semaglutide 7.2 mg ranked above semaglutide 2.4 mg for all efficacy endpoints based on P-scores; but the significant advantage in percentage bodyweight change was found only in the diabetes subgroup.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
Report a problemFND-4256045713
05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, liraglutide 3.0 mg yielded the smallest weight loss among network treatments.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, liraglutide 3.0 mg had the smallest weight loss among network treatments.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableWeight-loss ranking
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other network treatments
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3.0 mgAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide 3.0 mg yielded the smallest weight loss.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
Report a problemFND-4256045714
06HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, liraglutide was associated with higher any adverse events risk; the specific reference was unstated.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, liraglutide was linked to higher any side effects risk; its comparator was unspecified.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseAny adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
No significant between treatment differences were observed for serious adverse events (SAEs); however, tirzepatide was associated with higher risk of injection site reactions, and liraglutide with higher risks of any AEs and discontinuation due to AEs.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
Report a problemFND-4256045715
07HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, liraglutide was associated with higher adverse-event-related discontinuation risk; the specific reference was unstated.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, liraglutide was linked to higher side-effect-related discontinuation risk; its comparator was unspecified.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseDiscontinuation due to adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
No significant between treatment differences were observed for serious adverse events (SAEs); however, tirzepatide was associated with higher risk of injection site reactions, and liraglutide with higher risks of any AEs and discontinuation due to AEs.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
Report a problemFND-4256045716
08HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, tirzepatide was associated with higher injection-site reactions risk; the specific reference was unstated.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, tirzepatide was linked to higher injection-site reactions risk; its comparator was unspecified.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreaseInjection site reactions
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Skin and wound
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
No significant between treatment differences were observed for serious adverse events (SAEs); however, tirzepatide was associated with higher risk of injection site reactions, and liraglutide with higher risks of any AEs and discontinuation due to AEs.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
Report a problemFND-4256045717
09HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, semaglutide 7.2 mg ranked above 2.4 mg for waist-size efficacy by P-scores.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, semaglutide 7.2 mg ranked above 2.4 mg for waist-size efficacy.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicableWaist-circumference efficacy ranking
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Semaglutide 2.4 mg
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
7.2 mgAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Semaglutide 7.2 mg ranked above semaglutide 2.4 mg for all efficacy endpoints based on P-scores; but the significant advantage in percentage bodyweight change was found only in the diabetes subgroup.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
Report a problemFND-4256045721
10HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, semaglutide 7.2 mg ranked above 2.4 mg for BMI efficacy by P-scores.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, semaglutide 7.2 mg ranked above 2.4 mg for BMI efficacy.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicableBMI efficacy ranking
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Semaglutide 2.4 mg
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
7.2 mgAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Semaglutide 7.2 mg ranked above semaglutide 2.4 mg for all efficacy endpoints based on P-scores; but the significant advantage in percentage bodyweight change was found only in the diabetes subgroup.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
Report a problemFND-4256045722

Studies that did not test the peptide alone12

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

11HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, pooled active treatments including liraglutide reduced body weight versus placebo.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, pooled active treatments including liraglutide reduced body weight more than placebo.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4256045701
12HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, pooled active treatments including semaglutide reduced body weight versus placebo.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, pooled active treatments including semaglutide reduced body weight more than placebo.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4256045702
13HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, pooled active treatments including tirzepatide reduced body weight versus placebo.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, pooled active treatments including tirzepatide reduced body weight more than placebo.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4256045703
14HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, pooled active treatments including liraglutide reduced waist circumference versus placebo.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, pooled active treatments including liraglutide reduced waist size more than placebo.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWaist circumference
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4256045704
15HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, pooled active treatments including semaglutide reduced waist circumference versus placebo.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, pooled active treatments including semaglutide reduced waist size more than placebo.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWaist circumference
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4256045705
16HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, pooled active treatments including tirzepatide reduced waist circumference versus placebo.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, pooled active treatments including tirzepatide reduced waist size more than placebo.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseWaist circumference
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4256045706
17HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, pooled active treatments including liraglutide reduced body mass index versus placebo.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, pooled active treatments including liraglutide reduced BMI more than placebo.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody mass index
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4256045707
18HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, pooled active treatments including semaglutide reduced body mass index versus placebo.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, pooled active treatments including semaglutide reduced BMI more than placebo.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody mass index
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4256045708
19HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, pooled active treatments including tirzepatide reduced body mass index versus placebo.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, pooled active treatments including tirzepatide reduced BMI more than placebo.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseBody mass index
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
All active treatments reduced body weight, waist circumference, and BMI vs. placebo.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4256045709
20HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, serious-adverse-event risk did not differ significantly across treatments including liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, serious side effects did not differ significantly across treatments including liraglutide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeSerious adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Network treatments
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
No significant between treatment differences were observed for serious adverse events (SAEs); however, tirzepatide was associated with higher risk of injection site reactions, and liraglutide with higher risks of any AEs and discontinuation due to AEs.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4256045718
21HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, serious-adverse-event risk did not differ significantly across treatments including semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, serious side effects did not differ significantly across treatments including semaglutide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeSerious adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Network treatments
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
No significant between treatment differences were observed for serious adverse events (SAEs); however, tirzepatide was associated with higher risk of injection site reactions, and liraglutide with higher risks of any AEs and discontinuation due to AEs.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4256045719
22HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with BMI >= 25 kg/m² in long-term trials, serious-adverse-event risk did not differ significantly across treatments including tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity, serious side effects did not differ significantly across treatments including tirzepatide.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changeSerious adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Network treatments
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
No significant between treatment differences were observed for serious adverse events (SAEs); however, tirzepatide was associated with higher risk of injection site reactions, and liraglutide with higher risks of any AEs and discontinuation due to AEs.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists-liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide-focusing on the incremental value of semaglutide 7.2 mg.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥ 18 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m², duration ≥ 52 weeks, comparing the above agents at approved weight management doses vs. placebo or each other (PRO…
Summary · context
Random effects models using the netmeta package estimated relative effects, ranking used P-scores.
Summary · context
Twenty-four RCTs were included in the analysis, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion in the NMA.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4256045720

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 4Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 3
9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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