Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.

Al Ozairi E, Irshad M, Alkandri J, Mashankar A, Gray SR, le Roux CW

Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews1 Sept 2026

PMID42555627PMCIDPMC13440749DOI10.1002/dmrr.70213PepBankPUB-42555627

Summary

AimsThis study examined changes in body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) over 12 months in people with obesity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated with a GLP-1 receptor agonist alone (GLP-1RA) or a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP/GLP-1RA).Materials and methodsThis real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.ResultsOver 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged. Total lean mass loss was associated with body weight loss (R² = 0.36, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn people with obesity and T1D, 12-month GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA therapy resulted in clinically meaningful weight loss, improved glycaemic control, preferential fat mass reduction, modest lean mass loss, and preservation of total BMD. People achieving > 10% weight loss derived the greatest metabolic benefit without compromising bone health, although the loss of lean mass was greater.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study24

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone24

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including liraglutide was associated with decreased body weight over 12 months (-6.33%;95% CI -7.92 to -4.73;P < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including liraglutide was linked to lower body weight after 12 months.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
body weight change
−6.33%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -7.92 to -4.73;P < 0.001
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562701
02HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including semaglutide was associated with decreased body weight over 12 months (-6.33%;95% CI -7.92 to -4.73;P < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including semaglutide was linked to lower body weight after 12 months.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
body weight change
−6.33%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -7.92 to -4.73;P < 0.001
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562702
03HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including tirzepatide was associated with decreased body weight over 12 months (-6.33%;95% CI -7.92 to -4.73;P < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including tirzepatide was linked to lower body weight after 12 months.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
body weight change
−6.33%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -7.92 to -4.73;P < 0.001
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562703
04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including liraglutide was associated with decreased HbA1c over 12 months (-0.48%;95% CI -0.74 to -0.22;P < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including liraglutide was linked to lower HbA1c after 12 months.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
HbA1c change
−0.48%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -0.74 to -0.22;P < 0.001
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562704
05HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including semaglutide was associated with decreased HbA1c over 12 months (-0.48%;95% CI -0.74 to -0.22;P < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including semaglutide was linked to lower HbA1c after 12 months.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
HbA1c change
−0.48%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -0.74 to -0.22;P < 0.001
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562705
06HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including tirzepatide was associated with decreased HbA1c over 12 months (-0.48%;95% CI -0.74 to -0.22;P < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including tirzepatide was linked to lower HbA1c after 12 months.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
HbA1c change
−0.48%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -0.74 to -0.22;P < 0.001
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562706
07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including liraglutide was associated with decreased total tissue fat over 12 months (-1.42%;95% CI -2.47 to -0.36;P = 0.009).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including liraglutide was linked to lower total tissue fat after 12 months.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseTotal tissue fat
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
total tissue fat change
−1.42%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -2.47 to -0.36;P = 0.009
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562707
08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including semaglutide was associated with decreased total tissue fat over 12 months (-1.42%;95% CI -2.47 to -0.36;P = 0.009).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including semaglutide was linked to lower total tissue fat after 12 months.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseTotal tissue fat
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
total tissue fat change
−1.42%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -2.47 to -0.36;P = 0.009
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562708
09HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including tirzepatide was associated with decreased total tissue fat over 12 months (-1.42%;95% CI -2.47 to -0.36;P = 0.009).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including tirzepatide was linked to lower total tissue fat after 12 months.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseTotal tissue fat
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
total tissue fat change
−1.42%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -2.47 to -0.36;P = 0.009
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562709
10HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including liraglutide was associated with decreased fat mass over 12 months (-5.9%;95% CI -10.50 to -1.57;P = 0.001).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including liraglutide was linked to lower fat mass after 12 months.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseFat mass
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
fat mass change
−5.9%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -10.50 to -1.57;P = 0.001
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562710
11HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including semaglutide was associated with decreased fat mass over 12 months (-5.9%;95% CI -10.50 to -1.57;P = 0.001).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including semaglutide was linked to lower fat mass after 12 months.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseFat mass
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
fat mass change
−5.9%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -10.50 to -1.57;P = 0.001
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562711
12HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including tirzepatide was associated with decreased fat mass over 12 months (-5.9%;95% CI -10.50 to -1.57;P = 0.001).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including tirzepatide was linked to lower fat mass after 12 months.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseFat mass
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
fat mass change
−5.9%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -10.50 to -1.57;P = 0.001
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562712
13HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including liraglutide was associated with decreased lean mass over 12 months (-1.75%;95% CI -3.50 to -0.48;P = 0.005).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including liraglutide was linked to lower lean mass after 12 months.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseLean mass
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Musculoskeletal
Measurements
lean mass change
−1.75%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -3.50 to -0.48;P = 0.005
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562713
14HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including semaglutide was associated with decreased lean mass over 12 months (-1.75%;95% CI -3.50 to -0.48;P = 0.005).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including semaglutide was linked to lower lean mass after 12 months.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseLean mass
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Musculoskeletal
Measurements
lean mass change
−1.75%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -3.50 to -0.48;P = 0.005
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562714
15HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including tirzepatide was associated with decreased lean mass over 12 months (-1.75%;95% CI -3.50 to -0.48;P = 0.005).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, pooled therapy including tirzepatide was linked to lower lean mass after 12 months.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseLean mass
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Musculoskeletal
Measurements
lean mass change
−1.75%
pooled therapy;12 months;95% CI -3.50 to -0.48;P = 0.005
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562715
16HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, total bone mineral content remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, total bone mineral content remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled therapy including liraglutide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeTotal bone mineral content
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562716
17HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, total bone mineral content remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, total bone mineral content remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled therapy including semaglutide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeTotal bone mineral content
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562717
18HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, total bone mineral content remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, total bone mineral content remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled therapy including tirzepatide.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changeTotal bone mineral content
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562718
19HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, total bone mineral density remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, total bone density remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled therapy including liraglutide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeTotal bone mineral density
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562719
20HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, total bone mineral density remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, total bone density remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled therapy including semaglutide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeTotal bone mineral density
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562720
21HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and T1D, total bone mineral density remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled GLP-1/GIP-based therapy including tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D, total bone density remained unchanged after 12 months of pooled therapy including tirzepatide.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changeTotal bone mineral density
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Over 12 months body weight (-6.33%; 95% CI: -7.92, -4.73; p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.48%; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22; p < 0.001), total tissue fat (-1.42%; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.36; p = 0.009), fat mass (-5.90%; 95% CI: -10.50, -1.57; p = 0.001), and lean mass (-1.75%; 95% CI: -3.50, -0.48; p = 0.005) decreased, while total BMC and BMD remained unchanged.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562721
22HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyOther
In people with obesity and T1D receiving pooled therapy including liraglutide, lean-mass loss was associated with weight loss (R2 = 0.36;P < 0.001), with correlation sign unspecified.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D receiving pooled therapy including liraglutide, lean-mass loss was linked to weight loss.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedAssociation of lean mass loss with body weight loss
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Musculoskeletal
Measurements
R-squared
0.36
lean-mass loss associated with weight loss;P < .001;sign unspecified
Source sentences
Summary
Total lean mass loss was associated with body weight loss (R² = 0.36, p < 0.001).
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562722
23HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyOther
In people with obesity and T1D receiving pooled therapy including semaglutide, lean-mass loss was associated with weight loss (R2 = 0.36;P < 0.001), with correlation sign unspecified.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D receiving pooled therapy including semaglutide, lean-mass loss was linked to weight loss.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedAssociation of lean mass loss with body weight loss
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Musculoskeletal
Measurements
R-squared
0.36
lean-mass loss associated with weight loss;P < .001;sign unspecified
Source sentences
Summary
Total lean mass loss was associated with body weight loss (R² = 0.36, p < 0.001).
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562723
24HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyOther
In people with obesity and T1D receiving pooled therapy including tirzepatide, lean-mass loss was associated with weight loss (R2 = 0.36;P < 0.001), with correlation sign unspecified.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and T1D receiving pooled therapy including tirzepatide, lean-mass loss was linked to weight loss.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Direction not reportedAssociation of lean mass loss with body weight loss
Study
n = 70
Outcome group
Body composition · Musculoskeletal
Measurements
R-squared
0.36
lean-mass loss associated with weight loss;P < .001;sign unspecified
Source sentences
Summary
Total lean mass loss was associated with body weight loss (R² = 0.36, p < 0.001).
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This real-world observational study included 70 people with obesity and T1D treated with GLP-1RA alone or dual GIP/GLP-1RA.
Summary · context
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify regional and total fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at baseline and after 12 months of treatment.
Summary · context
Overall changes were quantified, and changes stratified by percentage weight loss using repeated measures analysis.
Title · context
Weight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4255562724

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 4Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 3
9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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