Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Systemic and Ocular Vascular Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy.

Shah J, Makwana B, Panchal K, Patel V, Patel T, Khadke S, Verma A, Vivekanandan S, Kong Y, Upadhyay J, Dani SS, Ramsey KM, Ganatra S, Ramsey DJ

American journal of ophthalmology21 Apr 2026Cited by 2 (Europe PMC)

PMID42025665DOI10.1016/j.ajo.2026.04.021PepBankPUB-42025665

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study48

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone48

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide were linked to fewer myocardial infarctions.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide were linked to fewer heart attacks.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial infarction
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.65
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
Patients on GLP-1 RAs had a decreased risk of myocardial infarctions (MIs; hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.61-0.69)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566501
02HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were linked to fewer myocardial infarctions.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide were linked to fewer heart attacks.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial infarction
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.65
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
Patients on GLP-1 RAs had a decreased risk of myocardial infarctions (MIs; hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.61-0.69)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566502
03HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were linked to fewer myocardial infarctions.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide were linked to fewer heart attacks.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial infarction
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.65
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
Patients on GLP-1 RAs had a decreased risk of myocardial infarctions (MIs; hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.61-0.69)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566503
04HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide were linked to fewer myocardial infarctions.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide were linked to fewer heart attacks.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial infarction
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.65
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
Patients on GLP-1 RAs had a decreased risk of myocardial infarctions (MIs; hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.61-0.69)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566504
05HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide were linked to less coronary revascularization.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide were linked to fewer coronary blood flow procedures.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseCoronary revascularization
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.75
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
coronary artery revascularization procedures (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.84)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566505
06HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were linked to less coronary revascularization.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide were linked to fewer coronary blood flow procedures.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseCoronary revascularization
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.75
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
coronary artery revascularization procedures (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.84)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566506
07HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were linked to less coronary revascularization.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide were linked to fewer coronary blood flow procedures.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseCoronary revascularization
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.75
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
coronary artery revascularization procedures (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.84)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566507
08HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide were linked to less coronary revascularization.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide were linked to fewer coronary blood flow procedures.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseCoronary revascularization
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.75
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
coronary artery revascularization procedures (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.84)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566508
09HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide were linked to fewer heart failure exacerbations.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide were linked to less worsening heart failure.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseHeart failure exacerbation
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
heart failure exacerbations (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.76-0.81)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566509
10HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were linked to fewer heart failure exacerbations.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide were linked to less worsening heart failure.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHeart failure exacerbation
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
heart failure exacerbations (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.76-0.81)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566510
11HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were linked to fewer heart failure exacerbations.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide were linked to less worsening heart failure.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHeart failure exacerbation
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
heart failure exacerbations (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.76-0.81)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566511
12HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide were linked to fewer heart failure exacerbations.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide were linked to less worsening heart failure.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseHeart failure exacerbation
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
heart failure exacerbations (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.76-0.81)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566512
13HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide were linked to fewer ischemic strokes.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide were linked to fewer ischemic strokes.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseIschemic stroke
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
ischemic strokes (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74-0.83)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566513
14HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were linked to fewer ischemic strokes.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide were linked to fewer ischemic strokes.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseIschemic stroke
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
ischemic strokes (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74-0.83)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566514
15HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were linked to fewer ischemic strokes.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide were linked to fewer ischemic strokes.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseIschemic stroke
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
ischemic strokes (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74-0.83)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566515
16HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide were linked to fewer ischemic strokes.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide were linked to fewer ischemic strokes.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseIschemic stroke
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
ischemic strokes (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74-0.83)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566516
17HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide were linked to fewer lower extremity amputations.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide were linked to fewer leg amputations.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseLower extremity amputation
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
lower extremity amputations (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69-0.88)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566517
18HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were linked to fewer lower extremity amputations.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide were linked to fewer leg amputations.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseLower extremity amputation
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
lower extremity amputations (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69-0.88)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566518
19HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were linked to fewer lower extremity amputations.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide were linked to fewer leg amputations.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseLower extremity amputation
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
lower extremity amputations (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69-0.88)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566519
20HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide were linked to fewer lower extremity amputations.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide were linked to fewer leg amputations.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseLower extremity amputation
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
lower extremity amputations (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69-0.88)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566520
21HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide were linked to fewer acute kidney injuries.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide were linked to fewer acute kidney injuries.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseAcute kidney injury
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.68
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
acute kidney injuries (AKI; HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.66-0.71)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566521
22HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were linked to fewer acute kidney injuries.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide were linked to fewer acute kidney injuries.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAcute kidney injury
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.68
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
acute kidney injuries (AKI; HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.66-0.71)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566522
23HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were linked to fewer acute kidney injuries.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide were linked to fewer acute kidney injuries.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAcute kidney injury
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.68
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
acute kidney injuries (AKI; HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.66-0.71)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566523
24HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide were linked to fewer acute kidney injuries.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide were linked to fewer acute kidney injuries.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseAcute kidney injury
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.68
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
acute kidney injuries (AKI; HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.66-0.71)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566524
25HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide were linked to less renal replacement therapy.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide were linked to less kidney replacement treatment.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseRenal replacement therapy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.4
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
or the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT; HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.36-0.43).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566525
26HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were linked to less renal replacement therapy.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide were linked to less kidney replacement treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseRenal replacement therapy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.4
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
or the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT; HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.36-0.43).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566526
27HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were linked to less renal replacement therapy.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide were linked to less kidney replacement treatment.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseRenal replacement therapy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.4
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
or the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT; HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.36-0.43).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566527
28HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide were linked to less renal replacement therapy.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide were linked to less kidney replacement treatment.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseRenal replacement therapy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.4
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
or the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT; HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.36-0.43).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566528
29HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide were linked to less proliferative retinopathy.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide were linked to less proliferative eye disease.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseProliferative diabetic retinopathy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
Fewer individuals also progressed to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71-0.86)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566529
30HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were linked to less proliferative retinopathy.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide were linked to less proliferative eye disease.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseProliferative diabetic retinopathy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
Fewer individuals also progressed to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71-0.86)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566530
31HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were linked to less proliferative retinopathy.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide were linked to less proliferative eye disease.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseProliferative diabetic retinopathy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
Fewer individuals also progressed to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71-0.86)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566531
32HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide were linked to less proliferative retinopathy.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide were linked to less proliferative eye disease.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseProliferative diabetic retinopathy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.78
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
Fewer individuals also progressed to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71-0.86)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566532
33HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide were linked to fewer retinal vein occlusions.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide were linked to fewer retinal vein blockages.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal vein occlusion
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.7
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
experienced retinal vein occlusions (RVOs; HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61-0.80)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566533
34HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were linked to fewer retinal vein occlusions.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide were linked to fewer retinal vein blockages.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal vein occlusion
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.7
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
experienced retinal vein occlusions (RVOs; HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61-0.80)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566534
35HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were linked to fewer retinal vein occlusions.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide were linked to fewer retinal vein blockages.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal vein occlusion
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.7
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
experienced retinal vein occlusions (RVOs; HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61-0.80)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566535
36HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide were linked to fewer retinal vein occlusions.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide were linked to fewer retinal vein blockages.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal vein occlusion
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.7
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
experienced retinal vein occlusions (RVOs; HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61-0.80)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566536
37HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide were linked to less neovascular glaucoma.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide were linked to less neovascular glaucoma.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseNeovascular glaucoma
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.65
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
or developed neovascular glaucoma (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47-0.89)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566537
38HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were linked to less neovascular glaucoma.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide were linked to less neovascular glaucoma.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseNeovascular glaucoma
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.65
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
or developed neovascular glaucoma (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47-0.89)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566538
39HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were linked to less neovascular glaucoma.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide were linked to less neovascular glaucoma.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseNeovascular glaucoma
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.65
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
or developed neovascular glaucoma (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47-0.89)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566539
40HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide were linked to less neovascular glaucoma.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide were linked to less neovascular glaucoma.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseNeovascular glaucoma
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.65
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
or developed neovascular glaucoma (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47-0.89)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566540
41HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide showed no association with retinal artery occlusion.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide showed no link to retinal artery blockage.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
No significant changeRetinal artery occlusion
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.85
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
no association was observed for retinal artery occlusions (RAOs; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.57-1.26)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566541
42HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide showed no association with retinal artery occlusion.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide showed no link to retinal artery blockage.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeRetinal artery occlusion
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.85
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
no association was observed for retinal artery occlusions (RAOs; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.57-1.26)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566542
43HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide showed no association with retinal artery occlusion.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide showed no link to retinal artery blockage.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeRetinal artery occlusion
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.85
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
no association was observed for retinal artery occlusions (RAOs; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.57-1.26)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566543
44HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide showed no association with retinal artery occlusion.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide showed no link to retinal artery blockage.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changeRetinal artery occlusion
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.85
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
no association was observed for retinal artery occlusions (RAOs; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.57-1.26)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566544
45HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including dulaglutide showed no association with NAION.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including dulaglutide showed no link to ischemic optic nerve injury.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
No significant changeNon-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.88
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
no association was observed for retinal artery occlusions (RAOs; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.57-1.26) or cases of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.54-1.44).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4202566545
46HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide showed no association with NAION.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including liraglutide showed no link to ischemic optic nerve injury.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeNon-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.88
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
no association was observed for retinal artery occlusions (RAOs; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.57-1.26) or cases of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.54-1.44).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566546
47HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide showed no association with NAION.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including semaglutide showed no link to ischemic optic nerve injury.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeNon-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.88
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
no association was observed for retinal artery occlusions (RAOs; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.57-1.26) or cases of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.54-1.44).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4202566547
48HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with T2D and retinopathy, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including tirzepatide showed no association with NAION.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and retinopathy, pooled medicines including tirzepatide showed no link to ischemic optic nerve injury.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changeNon-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.88
pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists
Source sentences
Summary
no association was observed for retinal artery occlusions (RAOs; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.57-1.26) or cases of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.54-1.44).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥18 years with T2D (with hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%) and a pre-existing diagnosis of DR from the TriNetX research network database between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022.
Summary · context
The study included 173,216 adults with T2D, all of whom had DR, adjusted for baseline characteristics through propensity score matching (PSM) based on whether the individuals received at least 2 prescriptions of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide, or lixisenati…
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4202566548

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 6Current
27 Oct 2026, 16:36 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 5
22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 4
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
The same notice was added 3 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC