Skip to content

Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2026

12 results

Pharmacist-led management of GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Park MJ, Bratley A, Lauster C, Muench S

American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists23 Mar 2026Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone12

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 01HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with T2DM receiving pooled incretin drugs including dulaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater HbA1c reduction than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes receiving pooled medicines including dulaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater blood sugar improvement than usual care.

    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c reduction under pharmacist management
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    HbA1c reduction
    19.9%
    pharmacist-managed group
    HbA1c reduction
    10.2%
    usual care group
    P value
    0.03
    between groups

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group had a mean 19.9% (SD, 13%) reduction in HbA1c from baseline, compared to a 10.2% (SD, 20.9%) reduction in the usual care group (P = 0.03).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).

  2. 02HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with T2DM receiving pooled incretin drugs including liraglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater HbA1c reduction than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes receiving pooled medicines including liraglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater blood sugar improvement than usual care.

    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c reduction under pharmacist management
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    HbA1c reduction
    19.9%
    pharmacist-managed group
    HbA1c reduction
    10.2%
    usual care group
    P value
    0.03
    between groups

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group had a mean 19.9% (SD, 13%) reduction in HbA1c from baseline, compared to a 10.2% (SD, 20.9%) reduction in the usual care group (P = 0.03).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  3. 03HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with T2DM receiving pooled incretin drugs including semaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater HbA1c reduction than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes receiving pooled medicines including semaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater blood sugar improvement than usual care.

    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c reduction under pharmacist management
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    HbA1c reduction
    19.9%
    pharmacist-managed group
    HbA1c reduction
    10.2%
    usual care group
    P value
    0.03
    between groups

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group had a mean 19.9% (SD, 13%) reduction in HbA1c from baseline, compared to a 10.2% (SD, 20.9%) reduction in the usual care group (P = 0.03).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  4. 04HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with T2DM receiving pooled incretin drugs including tirzepatide, pharmacist management was linked to greater HbA1c reduction than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes receiving pooled medicines including tirzepatide, pharmacist management was linked to greater blood sugar improvement than usual care.

    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c reduction under pharmacist management
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    HbA1c reduction
    19.9%
    pharmacist-managed group
    HbA1c reduction
    10.2%
    usual care group
    P value
    0.03
    between groups

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group had a mean 19.9% (SD, 13%) reduction in HbA1c from baseline, compared to a 10.2% (SD, 20.9%) reduction in the usual care group (P = 0.03).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.

  5. 05HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyOther

    In adults receiving pooled incretin drugs including dulaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater insulin de-escalation than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults receiving pooled medicines including dulaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater insulin reduction than usual care.

    Outcome
    IncreaseInsulin de-escalation
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group also saw greater improvements in de-escalation of insulin and average number of GLP-1 RA and GIP/GLP-1 RA dose titrations.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).

  6. 06HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyOther

    In adults receiving pooled incretin drugs including liraglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater insulin de-escalation than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults receiving pooled medicines including liraglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater insulin reduction than usual care.

    Outcome
    IncreaseInsulin de-escalation
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group also saw greater improvements in de-escalation of insulin and average number of GLP-1 RA and GIP/GLP-1 RA dose titrations.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  7. 07HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyOther

    In adults receiving pooled incretin drugs including semaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater insulin de-escalation than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults receiving pooled medicines including semaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater insulin reduction than usual care.

    Outcome
    IncreaseInsulin de-escalation
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group also saw greater improvements in de-escalation of insulin and average number of GLP-1 RA and GIP/GLP-1 RA dose titrations.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  8. 08HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyOther

    In adults receiving pooled incretin drugs including tirzepatide, pharmacist management was linked to greater insulin de-escalation than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults receiving pooled medicines including tirzepatide, pharmacist management was linked to greater insulin reduction than usual care.

    Outcome
    IncreaseInsulin de-escalation
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group also saw greater improvements in de-escalation of insulin and average number of GLP-1 RA and GIP/GLP-1 RA dose titrations.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.

  9. 09HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyOther

    In adults receiving pooled incretin drugs including dulaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater improvement in dose titrations than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults receiving pooled medicines including dulaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to better dose adjustment than usual care.

    Outcome
    Direction not reportedDose titrations
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Outcome group
    Patterns of use · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group also saw greater improvements in de-escalation of insulin and average number of GLP-1 RA and GIP/GLP-1 RA dose titrations.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).

  10. 10HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyOther

    In adults receiving pooled incretin drugs including liraglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater improvement in dose titrations than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults receiving pooled medicines including liraglutide, pharmacist management was linked to better dose adjustment than usual care.

    Outcome
    Direction not reportedDose titrations
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Outcome group
    Patterns of use · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group also saw greater improvements in de-escalation of insulin and average number of GLP-1 RA and GIP/GLP-1 RA dose titrations.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  11. 11HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyOther

    In adults receiving pooled incretin drugs including semaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to greater improvement in dose titrations than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults receiving pooled medicines including semaglutide, pharmacist management was linked to better dose adjustment than usual care.

    Outcome
    Direction not reportedDose titrations
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Outcome group
    Patterns of use · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group also saw greater improvements in de-escalation of insulin and average number of GLP-1 RA and GIP/GLP-1 RA dose titrations.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  12. 12HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyOther

    In adults receiving pooled incretin drugs including tirzepatide, pharmacist management was linked to greater improvement in dose titrations than usual care.

    In plain wordsIn adults receiving pooled medicines including tirzepatide, pharmacist management was linked to better dose adjustment than usual care.

    Outcome
    Direction not reportedDose titrations
    Study

    n = 128

    Comparator
    Usual physician care
    Outcome group
    Patterns of use · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacist-managed group also saw greater improvements in de-escalation of insulin and average number of GLP-1 RA and GIP/GLP-1 RA dose titrations.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic.
    Summary · context
    Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included.
    Summary · context
    Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care).

    In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 5Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Versions 2 to 4

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    The same notice was added 3 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.