Computational modelling the impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on botulinum toxin A: Evidence for reduced treatment durability across neurologic and aesthetic indications.

Rahman E, Michon A, Rao P, Ahmed M, Joseph JH, Wu WT, Carruthers JD, Webb WR

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology29 Oct 2025Cited by 2 (Europe PMC)

PMID41173332DOI10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108638PepBankPUB-41173332

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study20

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone20

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual chronic migraine patients, GLP-1 exposures including dulaglutide shortened simulated BoNT-A duration versus controls across agents.
In plain wordsIn computer models, GLP-1 exposures including dulaglutide shortened toxin duration versus controls in chronic migraine.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseSimulated toxin duration in chronic migraine
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Measurements
Control duration
14 weeks
chronic migraine
Hazard ratio range
1.54 to 1.95
GLP-1 exposures
Source sentences
Summary
In chronic migraine, mean BoNT-A duration declined from 14.0 ± 2.3 weeks in controls to 12.6, 12.5, 12.2, and 11.8 weeks across GLP-1 exposures (all p < 0.001; hazard ratio range 1.54-1.95).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4117333201
02Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual chronic migraine patients, GLP-1 exposures including liraglutide shortened simulated BoNT-A duration versus controls across agents.
In plain wordsIn computer models, GLP-1 exposures including liraglutide shortened toxin duration versus controls in chronic migraine.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseSimulated toxin duration in chronic migraine
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
In chronic migraine, mean BoNT-A duration declined from 14.0 ± 2.3 weeks in controls to 12.6, 12.5, 12.2, and 11.8 weeks across GLP-1 exposures (all p < 0.001; hazard ratio range 1.54-1.95).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4117333202
03Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual chronic migraine patients, GLP-1 exposures including semaglutide shortened simulated BoNT-A duration versus controls across agents.
In plain wordsIn computer models, GLP-1 exposures including semaglutide shortened toxin duration versus controls in chronic migraine.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseSimulated toxin duration in chronic migraine
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
In chronic migraine, mean BoNT-A duration declined from 14.0 ± 2.3 weeks in controls to 12.6, 12.5, 12.2, and 11.8 weeks across GLP-1 exposures (all p < 0.001; hazard ratio range 1.54-1.95).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4117333203
04Computer modelNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual chronic migraine patients, GLP-1 exposures including tirzepatide shortened simulated BoNT-A duration versus controls across agents.
In plain wordsIn computer models, GLP-1 exposures including tirzepatide shortened toxin duration versus controls in chronic migraine.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseSimulated toxin duration in chronic migraine
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
In chronic migraine, mean BoNT-A duration declined from 14.0 ± 2.3 weeks in controls to 12.6, 12.5, 12.2, and 11.8 weeks across GLP-1 exposures (all p < 0.001; hazard ratio range 1.54-1.95).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4117333204
05Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual masseter prominence patients, GLP-1 exposures including dulaglutide shortened simulated BoNT-A duration versus controls.
In plain wordsIn computer models, GLP-1 exposures including dulaglutide shortened toxin duration versus controls for masseter prominence.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseSimulated toxin duration in masseter prominence
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
In masseter prominence, mean duration decreased from 20.1 ± 2.9 weeks to 17.3, 17.0, 16.7, and 16.2 weeks, with hazard ratios 1.72-2.08.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4117333205
06Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual masseter prominence patients, GLP-1 exposures including liraglutide shortened simulated BoNT-A duration versus controls.
In plain wordsIn computer models, GLP-1 exposures including liraglutide shortened toxin duration versus controls for masseter prominence.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseSimulated toxin duration in masseter prominence
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
In masseter prominence, mean duration decreased from 20.1 ± 2.9 weeks to 17.3, 17.0, 16.7, and 16.2 weeks, with hazard ratios 1.72-2.08.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4117333206
07Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual masseter prominence patients, GLP-1 exposures including semaglutide shortened simulated BoNT-A duration versus controls.
In plain wordsIn computer models, GLP-1 exposures including semaglutide shortened toxin duration versus controls for masseter prominence.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseSimulated toxin duration in masseter prominence
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
In masseter prominence, mean duration decreased from 20.1 ± 2.9 weeks to 17.3, 17.0, 16.7, and 16.2 weeks, with hazard ratios 1.72-2.08.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4117333207
08Computer modelNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual masseter prominence patients, GLP-1 exposures including tirzepatide shortened simulated BoNT-A duration versus controls.
In plain wordsIn computer models, GLP-1 exposures including tirzepatide shortened toxin duration versus controls for masseter prominence.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseSimulated toxin duration in masseter prominence
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
In masseter prominence, mean duration decreased from 20.1 ± 2.9 weeks to 17.3, 17.0, 16.7, and 16.2 weeks, with hazard ratios 1.72-2.08.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4117333208
09Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual patients, early toxin wear-off rose across agents, with dulaglutide ranked above semaglutide and below liraglutide and tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn computer models, early toxin wear-off ranked higher with dulaglutide than semaglutide, but lower than liraglutide and tirzepatide.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
IncreaseSimulated early toxin wear-off
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Early wear-off and uncovered symptomatic periods rose proportionally across agents, with the hierarchy tirzepatide > liraglutide > dulaglutide > semaglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4117333209
10Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual patients, early toxin wear-off rose across agents, with liraglutide ranked below tirzepatide and above dulaglutide and semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn computer models, early toxin wear-off ranked lower with liraglutide than tirzepatide, but higher than dulaglutide and semaglutide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseSimulated early toxin wear-off
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Early wear-off and uncovered symptomatic periods rose proportionally across agents, with the hierarchy tirzepatide > liraglutide > dulaglutide > semaglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4117333210
11Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual patients, early toxin wear-off rose across agents, with semaglutide ranked below dulaglutide, liraglutide and tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn computer models, early toxin wear-off ranked lower with semaglutide than dulaglutide, liraglutide and tirzepatide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseSimulated early toxin wear-off
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Early wear-off and uncovered symptomatic periods rose proportionally across agents, with the hierarchy tirzepatide > liraglutide > dulaglutide > semaglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4117333211
12Computer modelNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual patients, early toxin wear-off rose across agents, with tirzepatide ranked above liraglutide, dulaglutide and semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn computer models, early toxin wear-off ranked higher with tirzepatide than liraglutide, dulaglutide and semaglutide.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreaseSimulated early toxin wear-off
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Early wear-off and uncovered symptomatic periods rose proportionally across agents, with the hierarchy tirzepatide > liraglutide > dulaglutide > semaglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4117333212
13Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual patients, uncovered symptomatic periods rose across agents, with dulaglutide ranked above semaglutide and below liraglutide and tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn computer models, uncovered symptomatic periods ranked higher with dulaglutide than semaglutide, but lower than liraglutide and tirzepatide.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
IncreaseSimulated uncovered symptomatic periods
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Early wear-off and uncovered symptomatic periods rose proportionally across agents, with the hierarchy tirzepatide > liraglutide > dulaglutide > semaglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4117333213
14Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual patients, uncovered symptomatic periods rose across agents, with liraglutide ranked below tirzepatide and above dulaglutide and semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn computer models, uncovered symptomatic periods ranked lower with liraglutide than tirzepatide, but higher than dulaglutide and semaglutide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseSimulated uncovered symptomatic periods
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Early wear-off and uncovered symptomatic periods rose proportionally across agents, with the hierarchy tirzepatide > liraglutide > dulaglutide > semaglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4117333214
15Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual patients, uncovered symptomatic periods rose across agents, with semaglutide ranked below dulaglutide, liraglutide and tirzepatide.
In plain wordsIn computer models, uncovered symptomatic periods ranked lower with semaglutide than dulaglutide, liraglutide and tirzepatide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseSimulated uncovered symptomatic periods
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Early wear-off and uncovered symptomatic periods rose proportionally across agents, with the hierarchy tirzepatide > liraglutide > dulaglutide > semaglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4117333215
16Computer modelNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneIn silicoOther
In virtual patients, uncovered symptomatic periods rose across agents, with tirzepatide ranked above liraglutide, dulaglutide and semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn computer models, uncovered symptomatic periods ranked higher with tirzepatide than liraglutide, dulaglutide and semaglutide.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreaseSimulated uncovered symptomatic periods
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Early wear-off and uncovered symptomatic periods rose proportionally across agents, with the hierarchy tirzepatide > liraglutide > dulaglutide > semaglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4117333216
17Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoMechanism
In the GLP-1 model including dulaglutide, duration reduction was attributed to synaptic modulation, lean-mass decline and metabolic variability.
In plain wordsIn computer models including dulaglutide, synaptic modulation explained most of the shorter toxin duration.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
Not applicableModel attribution of reduced duration
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Measurements
Synaptic contribution
≈ 55%
duration reduction
Lean-mass contribution
30%
duration reduction
Metabolic contribution
15%
duration reduction
Source sentences
Summary
Sensitivity analyses indicated that approximately 55 % of the reduction in duration was attributable to synaptic modulation, 30 % to lean-mass decline, and 15 % to metabolic variability.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4117333217
18Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoMechanism
In the GLP-1 model including liraglutide, duration reduction was attributed to synaptic modulation, lean-mass decline and metabolic variability.
In plain wordsIn computer models including liraglutide, synaptic modulation explained most of the shorter toxin duration.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableModel attribution of reduced duration
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Measurements
Synaptic contribution
≈ 55%
duration reduction
Lean-mass contribution
30%
duration reduction
Metabolic contribution
15%
duration reduction
Source sentences
Summary
Sensitivity analyses indicated that approximately 55 % of the reduction in duration was attributable to synaptic modulation, 30 % to lean-mass decline, and 15 % to metabolic variability.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4117333218
19Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoMechanism
In the GLP-1 model including semaglutide, duration reduction was attributed to synaptic modulation, lean-mass decline and metabolic variability.
In plain wordsIn computer models including semaglutide, synaptic modulation explained most of the shorter toxin duration.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicableModel attribution of reduced duration
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Measurements
Synaptic contribution
≈ 55%
duration reduction
Lean-mass contribution
30%
duration reduction
Metabolic contribution
15%
duration reduction
Source sentences
Summary
Sensitivity analyses indicated that approximately 55 % of the reduction in duration was attributable to synaptic modulation, 30 % to lean-mass decline, and 15 % to metabolic variability.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4117333219
20Computer modelNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneIn silicoMechanism
In the GLP-1 model including tirzepatide, duration reduction was attributed to synaptic modulation, lean-mass decline and metabolic variability.
In plain wordsIn computer models including tirzepatide, synaptic modulation explained most of the shorter toxin duration.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Not applicableModel attribution of reduced duration
Study
n: not applicable
AesthetiSIM microsimulation
Analysis
Exploratory
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Measurements
Synaptic contribution
≈ 55%
duration reduction
Lean-mass contribution
30%
duration reduction
Metabolic contribution
15%
duration reduction
Source sentences
Summary
Sensitivity analyses indicated that approximately 55 % of the reduction in duration was attributable to synaptic modulation, 30 % to lean-mass decline, and 15 % to metabolic variability.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Using the AesthetiSIM™ microsimulation platform, a transparent, parameterized in-silico model was developed to estimate whether GLP-1-related changes in metabolism and neuromuscular recovery could alter toxin durability.
Summary · context
Virtual subjects were randomly assigned to semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or control conditions, and simulated over one year under standardized 100-unit BoNT-A dosing.
Summary · context
The results are exploratory and derive entirely from computational modelling rather than clinical observation.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4117333220

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 5Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 4
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
The same notice was added 3 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

Keywords

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.