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Study · Systematic review · 2025

12 results

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and the clinical outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bayoumy AB, Clarke LM, Deepak P, Desai A, Sehgal P, Gorelik U, Bar-Yoseph H, Villumsen M, Mulder CJJ, Stenvers DJ, Tushuizen ME, de Boer NKH

Journal of Crohn's & colitis1 Nov 2025Cited by 10 (Europe PMC)

PMID41071055 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC12668684 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaf181 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41071055
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Summary

BackgroundPrior studies showed worse outcomes in obese inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, especially those related to hospitalizations, surgery, and steroid-free remission. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) have demonstrated significant metabolic benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Hence, GLP1-RAs may improve clinical outcomes in patients with IBD, especially those with obesity. The objective was to systematically evaluate the impact of GLP1-RAs on clinical outcomes in patients with IBD.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to March 15, 2025. Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included. Primary outcomes included weight loss and various IBD-related co-endpoints such as hospitalizations, surgery, corticosteroid use, and advanced therapy initiation.FindingsIn total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included. Weight loss was achieved using semaglutide (-9.6 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -12.0; -7.2), liraglutide (-9.4 kg, 95% CI: -13.0; -5.8), and tirzepatide (-11.8 kg, 95% CI: -18.3; -5.4) after 3 months of follow-up. In meta-analyses, GLP1-RAs were associated with lower risk of surgery for effect sizes (logHR: 0.61 [95% CI: 0.44-0.84], I 2 = 0%) and event frequencies (odds ratio [OR]: 0.46 [95% CI: 0.32-0.67], I 2 = 42%). Sensitivity analysis for body mass index (BMI) showed a lower risk of hospitalizations and surgery in patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30).InterpretationPatients with IBD and obesity using GLP1-RAs were able to achieve significant weight loss and had lower risks of surgery and hospitalizations. Our findings require confirmation in prospective trials of GLP1-RAs in IBD.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study12

3 results from studies that gave the peptide. 3 results from people.

  1. 01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, semaglutide produced weight loss of 9.6 kg after 3 months of follow-up.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease, semaglutide was linked to weight loss of 9.6 kg after 3 months.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight change at 3 months
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 3 months of follow-upAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Weight change
    −9.6 kg
    semaglutide, 3 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Weight loss was achieved using semaglutide (-9.6 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -12.0; -7.2), liraglutide (-9.4 kg, 95% CI: -13.0; -5.8), and tirzepatide (-11.8 kg, 95% CI: -18.3; -5.4) after 3 months of follow-up.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.
  2. 02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, liraglutide produced weight loss of 9.4 kg after 3 months of follow-up.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease, liraglutide was linked to weight loss of 9.4 kg after 3 months.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight change at 3 months
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 3 months of follow-upAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Weight change
    −9.4 kg
    liraglutide, 3 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Weight loss was achieved using semaglutide (-9.6 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -12.0; -7.2), liraglutide (-9.4 kg, 95% CI: -13.0; -5.8), and tirzepatide (-11.8 kg, 95% CI: -18.3; -5.4) after 3 months of follow-up.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.
  3. 03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, tirzepatide produced weight loss of 11.8 kg after 3 months of follow-up.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease, tirzepatide was linked to weight loss of 11.8 kg after 3 months.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight change at 3 months
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 3 months of follow-upAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Weight change
    −11.8 kg
    tirzepatide, 3 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Weight loss was achieved using semaglutide (-9.6 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -12.0; -7.2), liraglutide (-9.4 kg, 95% CI: -13.0; -5.8), and tirzepatide (-11.8 kg, 95% CI: -18.3; -5.4) after 3 months of follow-up.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a lower risk of surgery.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease, GLP-1 drugs as a group were linked to a lower risk of surgery.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseRisk of surgery
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Intensive care and hospital outcomes · Gastrointestinal

    Measurements

    log hazard ratio
    0.61 logHR
    effect sizes
    Odds ratio
    0.46 ratio
    event frequencies

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In meta-analyses, GLP1-RAs were associated with lower risk of surgery for effect sizes (logHR: 0.61 [95% CI: 0.44-0.84], I 2 = 0%) and event frequencies (odds ratio [OR]: 0.46 [95% CI: 0.32-0.67], I 2 = 42%).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 05HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a lower risk of surgery.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease, GLP-1 drugs as a group were linked to a lower risk of surgery.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseRisk of surgery
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Intensive care and hospital outcomes · Gastrointestinal

    Measurements

    log hazard ratio
    0.61 logHR
    effect sizes
    Odds ratio
    0.46 ratio
    event frequencies

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In meta-analyses, GLP1-RAs were associated with lower risk of surgery for effect sizes (logHR: 0.61 [95% CI: 0.44-0.84], I 2 = 0%) and event frequencies (odds ratio [OR]: 0.46 [95% CI: 0.32-0.67], I 2 = 42%).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  3. 06HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a lower risk of surgery.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease, GLP-1 drugs as a group were linked to a lower risk of surgery.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    DecreaseRisk of surgery
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Intensive care and hospital outcomes · Gastrointestinal

    Measurements

    log hazard ratio
    0.61 logHR
    effect sizes
    Odds ratio
    0.46 ratio
    event frequencies

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In meta-analyses, GLP1-RAs were associated with lower risk of surgery for effect sizes (logHR: 0.61 [95% CI: 0.44-0.84], I 2 = 0%) and event frequencies (odds ratio [OR]: 0.46 [95% CI: 0.32-0.67], I 2 = 42%).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.

    In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.

  4. 07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a lower risk of hospitalizations in a BMI sensitivity analysis.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, GLP-1 drugs as a group were linked to a lower risk of hospital stays.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseRisk of hospitalization in patients with obesity (BMI 30 or more)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Intensive care and hospital outcomes · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Sensitivity analysis for body mass index (BMI) showed a lower risk of hospitalizations and surgery in patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  5. 08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a lower risk of hospitalizations in a BMI sensitivity analysis.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, GLP-1 drugs as a group were linked to a lower risk of hospital stays.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseRisk of hospitalization in patients with obesity (BMI 30 or more)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Intensive care and hospital outcomes · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Sensitivity analysis for body mass index (BMI) showed a lower risk of hospitalizations and surgery in patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  6. 09HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a lower risk of hospitalizations in a BMI sensitivity analysis.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, GLP-1 drugs as a group were linked to a lower risk of hospital stays.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    DecreaseRisk of hospitalization in patients with obesity (BMI 30 or more)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Intensive care and hospital outcomes · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Sensitivity analysis for body mass index (BMI) showed a lower risk of hospitalizations and surgery in patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.

    In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.

  7. 10HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a lower risk of surgery in a BMI sensitivity analysis.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, GLP-1 drugs as a group were linked to a lower risk of surgery.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseRisk of surgery in patients with obesity (BMI 30 or more)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Intensive care and hospital outcomes · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Sensitivity analysis for body mass index (BMI) showed a lower risk of hospitalizations and surgery in patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  8. 11HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a lower risk of surgery in a BMI sensitivity analysis.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, GLP-1 drugs as a group were linked to a lower risk of surgery.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseRisk of surgery in patients with obesity (BMI 30 or more)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Intensive care and hospital outcomes · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Sensitivity analysis for body mass index (BMI) showed a lower risk of hospitalizations and surgery in patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  9. 12HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a lower risk of surgery in a BMI sensitivity analysis.

    In plain wordsIn people with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, GLP-1 drugs as a group were linked to a lower risk of surgery.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    DecreaseRisk of surgery in patients with obesity (BMI 30 or more)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Intensive care and hospital outcomes · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Sensitivity analysis for body mass index (BMI) showed a lower risk of hospitalizations and surgery in patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Studies reporting outcomes related to GLP1-RAs in patients with IBD were included.
    Summary · context
    In total, 11 studies with 16 242 patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RAs were included.

    In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 4Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Versions 2 to 3

    9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC

    The same notice was added 2 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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