Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients.

Galli M, Benenati S, Laudani C, Simeone B, Sarto G, Ortega-Paz L, Rocco E, Bernardi M, Spadafora L, D'Amario D, Greco E, Frati G and 5 more

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Federici M, Mehran R, Crea F, Angiolillo DJ, Sciarretta S

Journal of the American College of Cardiology27 Aug 2025Cited by 45 (Europe PMC)

PMID40892610DOI10.1016/j.jacc.2025.08.027PepBankPUB-40892610

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study45

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone45

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide reduced all-cause death versus controls (IRR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.92; NNT 121), with conclusive high-certainty evidence.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including liraglutide reduced all-cause death versus controls.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAll-cause death
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Measurements
Incidence rate ratio
0.88
pooled GLP-1 drugs versus controls
95% CI
0.84 to 0.92
pooled clinical contrast
Number needed to treat
121
source estimate for pooled outcome
Source sentences
Summary
We found conclusive, high-certainty evidence that GLP-1 RAs reduced all-cause death (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92; needed to treat [NNT] = 121), CV death (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92; NNT = 170), and MACE (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.91; NNT = 66), compared with controls.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261001
02HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide reduced all-cause death versus controls (IRR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.92; NNT 121), with conclusive high-certainty evidence.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including semaglutide reduced all-cause death versus controls.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAll-cause death
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Measurements
Incidence rate ratio
0.88
pooled GLP-1 drugs versus controls
95% CI
0.84 to 0.92
pooled clinical contrast
Number needed to treat
121
source estimate for pooled outcome
Source sentences
Summary
We found conclusive, high-certainty evidence that GLP-1 RAs reduced all-cause death (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92; needed to treat [NNT] = 121), CV death (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92; NNT = 170), and MACE (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.91; NNT = 66), compared with controls.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261002
03HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide reduced all-cause death versus controls (IRR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.92; NNT 121), with conclusive high-certainty evidence.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including tirzepatide reduced all-cause death versus controls.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseAll-cause death
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Measurements
Incidence rate ratio
0.88
pooled GLP-1 drugs versus controls
95% CI
0.84 to 0.92
pooled clinical contrast
Number needed to treat
121
source estimate for pooled outcome
Source sentences
Summary
We found conclusive, high-certainty evidence that GLP-1 RAs reduced all-cause death (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92; needed to treat [NNT] = 121), CV death (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92; NNT = 170), and MACE (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.91; NNT = 66), compared with controls.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261003
04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide reduced cardiovascular death versus controls (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.92; NNT 170), with conclusive high-certainty evidence.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including liraglutide reduced cardiovascular death versus controls.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseCardiovascular death
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Mortality · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Incidence rate ratio
0.87
pooled GLP-1 drugs versus controls
95% CI
0.81 to 0.92
pooled clinical contrast
Number needed to treat
170
source estimate for pooled outcome
Source sentences
Summary
We found conclusive, high-certainty evidence that GLP-1 RAs reduced all-cause death (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92; needed to treat [NNT] = 121), CV death (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92; NNT = 170), and MACE (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.91; NNT = 66), compared with controls.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261004
05HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide reduced cardiovascular death versus controls (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.92; NNT 170), with conclusive high-certainty evidence.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including semaglutide reduced cardiovascular death versus controls.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseCardiovascular death
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Mortality · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Incidence rate ratio
0.87
pooled GLP-1 drugs versus controls
95% CI
0.81 to 0.92
pooled clinical contrast
Number needed to treat
170
source estimate for pooled outcome
Source sentences
Summary
We found conclusive, high-certainty evidence that GLP-1 RAs reduced all-cause death (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92; needed to treat [NNT] = 121), CV death (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92; NNT = 170), and MACE (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.91; NNT = 66), compared with controls.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261005
06HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide reduced cardiovascular death versus controls (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.92; NNT 170), with conclusive high-certainty evidence.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including tirzepatide reduced cardiovascular death versus controls.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseCardiovascular death
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Mortality · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Incidence rate ratio
0.87
pooled GLP-1 drugs versus controls
95% CI
0.81 to 0.92
pooled clinical contrast
Number needed to treat
170
source estimate for pooled outcome
Source sentences
Summary
We found conclusive, high-certainty evidence that GLP-1 RAs reduced all-cause death (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92; needed to treat [NNT] = 121), CV death (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92; NNT = 170), and MACE (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.91; NNT = 66), compared with controls.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261006
07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events versus controls (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.91; NNT 66), with conclusive high-certainty evidence.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including liraglutide reduced major cardiovascular events versus controls.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMajor adverse cardiovascular events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Incidence rate ratio
0.87
pooled GLP-1 drugs versus controls
95% CI
0.83 to 0.91
pooled clinical contrast
Number needed to treat
66
source estimate for pooled outcome
Source sentences
Summary
We found conclusive, high-certainty evidence that GLP-1 RAs reduced all-cause death (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92; needed to treat [NNT] = 121), CV death (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92; NNT = 170), and MACE (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.91; NNT = 66), compared with controls.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261007
08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events versus controls (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.91; NNT 66), with conclusive high-certainty evidence.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including semaglutide reduced major cardiovascular events versus controls.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMajor adverse cardiovascular events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Incidence rate ratio
0.87
pooled GLP-1 drugs versus controls
95% CI
0.83 to 0.91
pooled clinical contrast
Number needed to treat
66
source estimate for pooled outcome
Source sentences
Summary
We found conclusive, high-certainty evidence that GLP-1 RAs reduced all-cause death (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92; needed to treat [NNT] = 121), CV death (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92; NNT = 170), and MACE (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.91; NNT = 66), compared with controls.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261008
09HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events versus controls (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.91; NNT 66), with conclusive high-certainty evidence.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including tirzepatide reduced major cardiovascular events versus controls.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseMajor adverse cardiovascular events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Incidence rate ratio
0.87
pooled GLP-1 drugs versus controls
95% CI
0.83 to 0.91
pooled clinical contrast
Number needed to treat
66
source estimate for pooled outcome
Source sentences
Summary
We found conclusive, high-certainty evidence that GLP-1 RAs reduced all-cause death (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92; needed to treat [NNT] = 121), CV death (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92; NNT = 170), and MACE (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.91; NNT = 66), compared with controls.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261009
10HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide reduced serious adverse events versus controls (reported change -9%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including liraglutide reduced serious adverse events versus controls.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseSerious adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Measurements
Reported relative change
−9%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261010
11HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide reduced serious adverse events versus controls (reported change -9%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including semaglutide reduced serious adverse events versus controls.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseSerious adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Measurements
Reported relative change
−9%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261011
12HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide reduced serious adverse events versus controls (reported change -9%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including tirzepatide reduced serious adverse events versus controls.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseSerious adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Measurements
Reported relative change
−9%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261012
13HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide increased gastrointestinal disorders versus controls (reported change 63%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including liraglutide increased gastrointestinal disorders versus controls.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseGastrointestinal disorders
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Reported relative change
63%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261013
14HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide increased gastrointestinal disorders versus controls (reported change 63%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including semaglutide increased gastrointestinal disorders versus controls.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseGastrointestinal disorders
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Reported relative change
63%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261014
15HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide increased gastrointestinal disorders versus controls (reported change 63%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including tirzepatide increased gastrointestinal disorders versus controls.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreaseGastrointestinal disorders
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Reported relative change
63%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261015
16HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide increased gallbladder disorders versus controls (reported change 26%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including liraglutide increased gallbladder disorders versus controls.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseGallbladder disorders
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Reported relative change
26%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261016
17HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide increased gallbladder disorders versus controls (reported change 26%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including semaglutide increased gallbladder disorders versus controls.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseGallbladder disorders
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Reported relative change
26%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261017
18HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide increased gallbladder disorders versus controls (reported change 26%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including tirzepatide increased gallbladder disorders versus controls.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreaseGallbladder disorders
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Reported relative change
26%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261018
19HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide showed no reported stroke difference versus controls; the significance test and native estimate were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including liraglutide, stroke showed no reported difference versus controls; the significance test was unstated.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedStroke
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in stroke, pancreatitis, or neoplasm between groups.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261019
20HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide showed no reported stroke difference versus controls; the significance test and native estimate were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including semaglutide, stroke showed no reported difference versus controls; the significance test was unstated.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedStroke
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in stroke, pancreatitis, or neoplasm between groups.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261020
21HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide showed no reported stroke difference versus controls; the significance test and native estimate were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including tirzepatide, stroke showed no reported difference versus controls; the significance test was unstated.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Direction not reportedStroke
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in stroke, pancreatitis, or neoplasm between groups.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261021
22HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide showed no reported pancreatitis difference versus controls; the significance test and native estimate were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including liraglutide, pancreatitis showed no reported difference versus controls; the significance test was unstated.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPancreatitis
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in stroke, pancreatitis, or neoplasm between groups.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261022
23HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide showed no reported pancreatitis difference versus controls; the significance test and native estimate were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including semaglutide, pancreatitis showed no reported difference versus controls; the significance test was unstated.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPancreatitis
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in stroke, pancreatitis, or neoplasm between groups.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261023
24HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide showed no reported pancreatitis difference versus controls; the significance test and native estimate were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including tirzepatide, pancreatitis showed no reported difference versus controls; the significance test was unstated.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPancreatitis
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in stroke, pancreatitis, or neoplasm between groups.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261024
25HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide showed no reported neoplasm difference versus controls; the significance test and native estimate were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including liraglutide, neoplasm showed no reported difference versus controls; the significance test was unstated.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedNeoplasm
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in stroke, pancreatitis, or neoplasm between groups.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261025
26HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide showed no reported neoplasm difference versus controls; the significance test and native estimate were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including semaglutide, neoplasm showed no reported difference versus controls; the significance test was unstated.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedNeoplasm
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in stroke, pancreatitis, or neoplasm between groups.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261026
27HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide showed no reported neoplasm difference versus controls; the significance test and native estimate were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including tirzepatide, neoplasm showed no reported difference versus controls; the significance test was unstated.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Direction not reportedNeoplasm
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Adverse events · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in stroke, pancreatitis, or neoplasm between groups.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261027
28HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide reduced myocardial infarction versus controls (reported change -15%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including liraglutide reduced heart attacks versus controls.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial infarction
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Reported relative change
−15%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261028
29HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide reduced myocardial infarction versus controls (reported change -15%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including semaglutide reduced heart attacks versus controls.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial infarction
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Reported relative change
−15%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261029
30HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide reduced myocardial infarction versus controls (reported change -15%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including tirzepatide reduced heart attacks versus controls.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial infarction
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Reported relative change
−15%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261030
31HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide reduced acute kidney failure versus controls (reported change -9%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including liraglutide reduced acute kidney failure versus controls.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAcute kidney failure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Reported relative change
−9%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261031
32HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide reduced acute kidney failure versus controls (reported change -9%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including semaglutide reduced acute kidney failure versus controls.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAcute kidney failure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Reported relative change
−9%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261032
33HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide reduced acute kidney failure versus controls (reported change -9%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including tirzepatide reduced acute kidney failure versus controls.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseAcute kidney failure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Reported relative change
−9%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261033
34HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide reduced heart failure versus controls (reported change -15%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including liraglutide reduced heart failure versus controls.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHeart failure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Reported relative change
−15%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261034
35HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide reduced heart failure versus controls (reported change -15%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including semaglutide reduced heart failure versus controls.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHeart failure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Reported relative change
−15%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261035
36HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide reduced heart failure versus controls (reported change -15%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including tirzepatide reduced heart failure versus controls.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseHeart failure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Reported relative change
−15%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261036
37HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide reduced infections versus controls (reported change -10%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including liraglutide reduced infections versus controls.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseInfections
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection
Measurements
Reported relative change
−10%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261037
38HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide reduced infections versus controls (reported change -10%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including semaglutide reduced infections versus controls.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseInfections
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection
Measurements
Reported relative change
−10%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261038
39HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide reduced infections versus controls (reported change -10%); no native-drug-specific estimate was supplied.
In plain wordsIn diverse clinical-trial populations, pooled drugs including tirzepatide reduced infections versus controls.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseInfections
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Controls
Outcome group
Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection
Measurements
Reported relative change
−10%
pooled outcome versus controls; coefficient type unstated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RAs reduced serious adverse events (-9%), myocardial infarction (-15%), acute kidney failure (-9%), heart failure (-15%), and infections (-10%), but increased gastrointestinal (+63%) and gallbladder (+26%) disorders.
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Main outcomes comprised mortality (all-cause and CV), trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events.
Summary · context
GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate certainty and conclusiveness of findings, respectively.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261039
40HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther
Across diverse clinical trials including liraglutide, pooled GLP-1 outcomes were mostly consistent across prespecified subgroups; the exact endpoint, native estimate, reference and subgroup Ns were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including liraglutide, results were mostly consistent across subgroups; exact native subgroup comparisons were unstated.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPooled result consistency across prespecified clinical subgroups
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Overall treatment effect · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Results were mostly consistent across subgroups.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261040
41HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther
In diverse clinical trials of GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide, type-based analysis revealed potential efficacy and safety profile differences; no native-specific direction, estimate or original reference was supplied.
In plain wordsIn clinical trials including liraglutide, drug-type analysis reported potential efficacy and safety differences; the native estimate and comparison were unspecified.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPotential efficacy and safety profile differences by GLP-1 drug type
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Overall treatment effect · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Analysis by GLP-1 RA type revealed potential differences in efficacy and safety profiles.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Analyses were conducted in prespecified subgroups based on the GLP-1 RA used.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261041
42HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther
Across diverse clinical trials including semaglutide, pooled GLP-1 outcomes were mostly consistent across prespecified subgroups; the exact endpoint, native estimate, reference and subgroup Ns were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including semaglutide, results were mostly consistent across subgroups; exact native subgroup comparisons were unstated.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPooled result consistency across prespecified clinical subgroups
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Overall treatment effect · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Results were mostly consistent across subgroups.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261042
43HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther
In diverse clinical trials of GLP-1 drugs including semaglutide, type-based analysis revealed potential efficacy and safety profile differences; no native-specific direction, estimate or original reference was supplied.
In plain wordsIn clinical trials including semaglutide, drug-type analysis reported potential efficacy and safety differences; the native estimate and comparison were unspecified.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPotential efficacy and safety profile differences by GLP-1 drug type
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Overall treatment effect · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Analysis by GLP-1 RA type revealed potential differences in efficacy and safety profiles.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Analyses were conducted in prespecified subgroups based on the GLP-1 RA used.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4089261043
44HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewOther
Across diverse clinical trials including tirzepatide, pooled GLP-1 outcomes were mostly consistent across prespecified subgroups; the exact endpoint, native estimate, reference and subgroup Ns were unstated.
In plain wordsIn clinical-trial pools including tirzepatide, results were mostly consistent across subgroups; exact native subgroup comparisons were unstated.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPooled result consistency across prespecified clinical subgroups
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Overall treatment effect · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Results were mostly consistent across subgroups.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Prespecified subgroups according to diabetes mellitus, kidney function, obesity, or heart failure were also performed.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261044
45HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewOther
In diverse clinical trials of GLP-1 drugs including tirzepatide, type-based analysis revealed potential efficacy and safety profile differences; no native-specific direction, estimate or original reference was supplied.
In plain wordsIn clinical trials including tirzepatide, drug-type analysis reported potential efficacy and safety differences; the native estimate and comparison were unspecified.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPotential efficacy and safety profile differences by GLP-1 drug type
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Overall treatment effect · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Analysis by GLP-1 RA type revealed potential differences in efficacy and safety profiles.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials comparing GLP-1 RAs vs controls or placebo were included.
Summary · context
Analyses were conducted in prespecified subgroups based on the GLP-1 RA used.
Summary · context
Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide), each administered at therapeutic doses and compared vs placebo or controls.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4089261045

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 5Current
27 Oct 2026, 16:32 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 4
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 3
9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients.

Summary

Results from this study45

Studies that did not test the peptide alone45

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords