Comparison of the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular events and risk factors: A review and network meta-analysis.

An X, Sun W, Wen Z, Duan L, Zhang Y, Kang X, Ji H, Sun Y, Jiang L, Zhao X, Gao Q, Lian F

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism5 Feb 2025Cited by 22 (Europe PMC)

PMID39910752DOI10.1111/dom.16228PepBankPUB-39910752

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. 8 results from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In reviewed clinical patients, oral semaglutide showed advantages in reducing all-cause mortality; the exact comparison and coefficient were unstated.
In plain wordsIn reviewed patients, oral semaglutide showed all-cause mortality-reduction advantages; the comparison was unstated.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAll-cause mortality
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Oral semaglutide shows more significant advantages in reducing all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to December 15, 2024. Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Summary · context
Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 high-quality studies were included, incorporating 144 782 patients and 14 different GLP-1RAs.
Report a problemFND-3991075201
02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In reviewed clinical patients, oral semaglutide showed advantages in reducing cardiovascular mortality; the exact comparison and coefficient were unstated.
In plain wordsIn reviewed patients, oral semaglutide showed cardiovascular mortality-reduction advantages; the comparison was unstated.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseCardiovascular mortality
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Mortality · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Oral semaglutide shows more significant advantages in reducing all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to December 15, 2024. Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Summary · context
Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 high-quality studies were included, incorporating 144 782 patients and 14 different GLP-1RAs.
Report a problemFND-3991075202
03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In reviewed clinical patients, subcutaneous semaglutide showed the greatest network efficacy for reducing systolic blood pressure; no numerical effect coefficient was reported.
In plain wordsIn reviewed patients, subcutaneous semaglutide ranked highest among network GLP-1 treatments for systolic blood pressure reduction.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicablesystolic blood pressure reduction efficacy ranking
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other network GLP-1 receptor agonists
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
SC-Semaglutide showed the greatest efficacy in lowering both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure,
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to December 15, 2024. Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Summary · context
Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 high-quality studies were included, incorporating 144 782 patients and 14 different GLP-1RAs.
Report a problemFND-3991075203
04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In reviewed clinical patients, subcutaneous semaglutide showed the greatest network efficacy for reducing diastolic blood pressure; no numerical effect coefficient was reported.
In plain wordsIn reviewed patients, subcutaneous semaglutide ranked highest among network GLP-1 treatments for diastolic blood pressure reduction.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicablediastolic blood pressure reduction efficacy ranking
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other network GLP-1 receptor agonists
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
SC-Semaglutide showed the greatest efficacy in lowering both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure,
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to December 15, 2024. Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Summary · context
Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 high-quality studies were included, incorporating 144 782 patients and 14 different GLP-1RAs.
Report a problemFND-3991075204
05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In reviewed clinical patients, liraglutide showed the greatest network efficacy for reducing total cholesterol; no numerical effect coefficient was reported.
In plain wordsIn reviewed patients, liraglutide ranked highest among network GLP-1 treatments for total cholesterol reduction.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicabletotal cholesterol reduction efficacy ranking
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other network GLP-1 receptor agonists
Outcome group
Lipids · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide showed the greatest efficacy in lowering total cholesterol,
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to December 15, 2024. Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Summary · context
Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 high-quality studies were included, incorporating 144 782 patients and 14 different GLP-1RAs.
Report a problemFND-3991075205
06HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In patients in the network meta-analysis, orforglipron excelled in glycemic control.
In plain wordsIn patients in the network meta-analysis, orforglipron excelled in blood sugar control.
Peptide
Orforglipron
Outcome
Direction not reportedGlycemic control ranking
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Orforglipron excelled in glycaemic control and weight reduction.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study aims to systematically evaluate and perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the comprehensive cardiovascular protective effects of various glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), focusing on cardiovascular events and risk factors.
Summary · context
Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Report a problemFND-3991075210
07HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In patients in the network meta-analysis, orforglipron excelled in weight reduction.
In plain wordsIn patients in the network meta-analysis, orforglipron excelled in weight reduction.
Peptide
Orforglipron
Outcome
DecreaseWeight reduction ranking
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Orforglipron excelled in glycaemic control and weight reduction.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study aims to systematically evaluate and perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the comprehensive cardiovascular protective effects of various glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), focusing on cardiovascular events and risk factors.
Summary · context
Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Report a problemFND-3991075211
08HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In patients in the network meta-analysis, orforglipron significantly increased gastrointestinal adverse events compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn patients in the network meta-analysis, orforglipron increased gastrointestinal adverse events compared with placebo.
Peptide
Orforglipron
Outcome
IncreaseGastrointestinal adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1RAs did not significantly increase the incidence of adverse events, but Orforglipron and Taspoglutide significantly increased the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events compared with placebo.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study aims to systematically evaluate and perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the comprehensive cardiovascular protective effects of various glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), focusing on cardiovascular events and risk factors.
Summary · context
Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Report a problemFND-3991075214

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

09HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther
In the reviewed clinical network, the source identified no GLP-1RA for HDL-cholesterol efficacy; the meaning of this absence and its reference were unspecified.
In plain wordsIn the reviewed clinical network, no GLP-1 drug was identified for HDL-cholesterol efficacy; the meaning and comparison were unspecified.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Lipids · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
but no GLP-1RAs in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to December 15, 2024. Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Summary · context
Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 high-quality studies were included, incorporating 144 782 patients and 14 different GLP-1RAs.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-3991075206
10HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther
In the reviewed clinical network, the source identified no GLP-1RA for HDL-cholesterol efficacy; the meaning of this absence and its reference were unspecified.
In plain wordsIn the reviewed clinical network, no GLP-1 drug was identified for HDL-cholesterol efficacy; the meaning and comparison were unspecified.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Lipids · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
but no GLP-1RAs in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to December 15, 2024. Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Summary · context
Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 high-quality studies were included, incorporating 144 782 patients and 14 different GLP-1RAs.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-3991075207
11HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
Across GLP-1 receptor agonists, adverse-event incidence did not significantly increase.
In plain wordsAcross reviewed clinical populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs did not show a significant adverse-event increase; the comparator was unstated.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAdverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1RAs did not significantly increase the incidence of adverse events, but Orforglipron and Taspoglutide significantly increased the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events compared with placebo.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to December 15, 2024. Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Summary · context
Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 high-quality studies were included, incorporating 144 782 patients and 14 different GLP-1RAs.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-3991075208
12HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
Across GLP-1 receptor agonists, adverse-event incidence did not significantly increase.
In plain wordsAcross reviewed clinical populations, pooled GLP-1 drugs did not show a significant adverse-event increase; the comparator was unstated.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAdverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1RAs did not significantly increase the incidence of adverse events, but Orforglipron and Taspoglutide significantly increased the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events compared with placebo.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to December 15, 2024. Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
Summary · context
Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 high-quality studies were included, incorporating 144 782 patients and 14 different GLP-1RAs.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-3991075209
13HumanNot a test of Orforglipron aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In patients in the network meta-analysis, no GLP-1 receptor agonist, including orforglipron, showed the greatest efficacy for HDL cholesterol.
In plain wordsIn patients in the network meta-analysis, no GLP-1 receptor agonist showed the greatest efficacy for HDL cholesterol.
Peptide
Orforglipron
Outcome
Direction not reportedHDL cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide showed the greatest efficacy in lowering total cholesterol, Noiiglutide in triglycerides and Taspoglutide in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but no GLP-1RAs in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study aims to systematically evaluate and perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the comprehensive cardiovascular protective effects of various glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), focusing on cardiovascular events and risk factors.
Summary · context
Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
In this study, Orforglipron was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Orforglipron.
Report a problemFND-3991075212
14HumanNot a test of Orforglipron aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In patients in the network meta-analysis, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including orforglipron did not significantly increase adverse-event incidence.
In plain wordsIn patients in the network meta-analysis, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists did not significantly increase adverse-event incidence.
Peptide
Orforglipron
Outcome
No significant changeAdverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1RAs did not significantly increase the incidence of adverse events,
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study aims to systematically evaluate and perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the comprehensive cardiovascular protective effects of various glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), focusing on cardiovascular events and risk factors.
Summary · context
Included studies were published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1RAs to placebo or other GLP-1RAs.
In this study, Orforglipron was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Orforglipron.
Report a problemFND-3991075213

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 14 to 17Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC
The same notice was added 4 times, first on 27 Oct 2026, 18:19 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Version 13
27 Oct 2026, 16:32 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Versions 5 to 12
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
The same notice was added 8 times, first on 14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Version 4
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 3
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular events and risk factors: A review and network meta-analysis.

Summary

Results from this study14

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords