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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · horse · 2013

12 results

Doping control analysis of seven bioactive peptides in horse plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Kwok WH, Ho EN, Lau MY, Leung GN, Wong AS, Wan TS

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry15 Jan 2013Cited by 25 (Europe PMC)

PMID23318763 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s00216-012-6697-9 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-23318763
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    In two thoroughbred geldings given TB‑500 subcutaneously, N-acetylated LKKTETQ and its metabolite N-acetylated LK were detected in plasma.

    In plain wordsIn two horses given TB‑500 by injection under the skin, the active part and one breakdown product were found in blood plasma.

    Peptide
    TB-500
    Outcome
    Not applicableDetection of N-acetylated LKKTETQ and metabolite N-acetylated LK in plasma after TB-500
    Study

    horsen = 2

    thoroughbred geldings
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    10 mg N-acetylated LKKTETQ · subcutaneousAs given in this study (horse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The applicability of this multi-analyte method was demonstrated by the detection of N-acetylated LKKTETQ and its metabolite N-acetylated LK from plasma samples obtained after subcutaneous administration of TB-500 (10 mg N-acetylated LKKTETQ) to two thoroughbred geldings.
  2. 02LabEx vivo tissuePharmacokinetics

    In horse plasma in vitro, metabolites of GHRP‑2 were identified; the authors call this the first identification of these in vitro metabolites in horses.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests on horse plasma, metabolites of GHRP‑2 were identified for the first time in horses.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    Not applicableIn vitro metabolites identified
    Study

    horsen: not reported in source

    Horse plasma
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    To our knowledge, this is the first identification of in vitro metabolites of all the studied peptides other than TB-500 in horses.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In our study, a simple mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction cartridge was employed for the extraction of seven target peptides (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, hexarelin, CJC-1295, and N-acetylated LKKTETQ (active ingredient of TB-500)) and their in vitro metabolites from horse plasma.
  3. 03LabEx vivo tissuePharmacokinetics

    In horse plasma in vitro, metabolites of hexarelin were identified; the authors call this the first identification of these in vitro metabolites in horses.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests on horse plasma, metabolites of hexarelin were identified for the first time in horses.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableIn vitro metabolites identified
    Study

    horsen: not reported in source

    Horse plasma
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    To our knowledge, this is the first identification of in vitro metabolites of all the studied peptides other than TB-500 in horses.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In our study, a simple mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction cartridge was employed for the extraction of seven target peptides (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, hexarelin, CJC-1295, and N-acetylated LKKTETQ (active ingredient of TB-500)) and their in vitro metabolites from horse plasma.
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cell-free)Pharmacokinetics

    The authors report the first identification of in vitro metabolites of the studied peptides, GHRP‑6 included, other than TB-500 in horses.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests with horse material, the study identified breakdown products of GHRP‑6 and other peptides for the first time.

    Peptide
    GHRP-6
    Outcome
    Not applicableIn vitro metabolites identified in horses
    Study

    horsen: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    To our knowledge, this is the first identification of in vitro metabolites of all the studied peptides other than TB-500 in horses.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 05LabNot a test of GHRP-2 aloneEx vivo tissueOther

    In horse plasma, a mixed-mode anion exchange extraction with LC-MS gave a limit of detection below 50 pg/mL for all seven peptides, including GHRP‑2.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests on horse plasma, a detection method found GHRP‑2 at less than 50 pg/mL.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    Not applicableLimit of detection in horse plasma
    Study

    horsen: not reported in source

    Horse plasma
    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    limit of detection
    < 50 pg/mL
    all seven peptides

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The limits of detection for all seven peptides were estimated to be less than 50 pg/mL.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In our study, a simple mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction cartridge was employed for the extraction of seven target peptides (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, hexarelin, CJC-1295, and N-acetylated LKKTETQ (active ingredient of TB-500)) and their in vitro metabolites from horse plasma.

    In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-2.

  2. 06LabNot a test of Hexarelin aloneEx vivo tissueOther

    In horse plasma, a mixed-mode anion exchange extraction with LC-MS gave a limit of detection below 50 pg/mL for all seven peptides, including hexarelin.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests on horse plasma, a detection method found hexarelin at less than 50 pg/mL.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableLimit of detection in horse plasma
    Study

    horsen: not reported in source

    Horse plasma
    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    limit of detection
    < 50 pg/mL
    all seven peptides

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The limits of detection for all seven peptides were estimated to be less than 50 pg/mL.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In our study, a simple mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction cartridge was employed for the extraction of seven target peptides (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, hexarelin, CJC-1295, and N-acetylated LKKTETQ (active ingredient of TB-500)) and their in vitro metabolites from horse plasma.

    In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.

  3. 07LabNot a test of CJC-1295 (with DAC) aloneOther designActivity measurement

    A mass spectrometry method detected CJC‑1295 in horse plasma with an estimated limit of detection below 50 pg/mL.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests of horse plasma, a mass spectrometry method detected CJC‑1295 at very low levels, below 50 pg/mL.

    Peptide
    CJC-1295 (with DAC)
    Outcome
    Not applicableLimit of detection in horse plasma
    Study

    horsen: not reported in source

    horse plasma
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Limit of detection
    < 50 pg/mL
    CJC-1295, horse plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The limits of detection for all seven peptides were estimated to be less than 50 pg/mL.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In our study, a simple mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction cartridge was employed for the extraction of seven target peptides (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, hexarelin, CJC-1295, and N-acetylated LKKTETQ (active ingredient of TB-500)) and their in vitro metabolites from horse plasma.

    In this study, CJC-1295 (with DAC) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking CJC-1295 (with DAC).

  4. 08LabNot a test of Ipamorelin aloneOther designActivity measurement

    A mass spectrometry method detected ipamorelin in horse plasma with an estimated limit of detection below 50 pg/mL.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests of horse plasma, a mass spectrometry method detected ipamorelin at very low levels, below 50 pg/mL.

    Peptide
    Ipamorelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableLimit of detection in horse plasma
    Study

    horsen: not reported in source

    horse plasma
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Limit of detection
    < 50 pg/mL
    ipamorelin, horse plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The limits of detection for all seven peptides were estimated to be less than 50 pg/mL.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In our study, a simple mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction cartridge was employed for the extraction of seven target peptides (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, hexarelin, CJC-1295, and N-acetylated LKKTETQ (active ingredient of TB-500)) and their in vitro metabolites from horse plasma.

    In this study, Ipamorelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Ipamorelin.

  5. 09LabNot a test of TB-500 aloneOther designActivity measurement

    A mass spectrometry method detected the TB‑500 active ingredient N-acetylated LKKTETQ in horse plasma with an estimated limit of detection below 50 pg/mL.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests of horse plasma, a mass spectrometry method detected the active part of TB‑500 at very low levels, below 50 pg/mL.

    Peptide
    TB-500
    Outcome
    Not applicableLimit of detection in horse plasma
    Study

    horsen: not reported in source

    horse plasma
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Limit of detection
    < 50 pg/mL
    N-acetylated LKKTETQ, horse plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The limits of detection for all seven peptides were estimated to be less than 50 pg/mL.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In our study, a simple mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction cartridge was employed for the extraction of seven target peptides (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, hexarelin, CJC-1295, and N-acetylated LKKTETQ (active ingredient of TB-500)) and their in vitro metabolites from horse plasma.

    In this study, TB-500 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking TB-500.

  6. 10LabNot a test of CJC-1295 (with DAC) aloneOther designOther

    The study identified in vitro metabolites of CJC‑1295 in horse plasma for the first time.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests with horse plasma, the study identified breakdown products of CJC‑1295 for the first time.

    Peptide
    CJC-1295 (with DAC)
    Outcome
    Not applicableIn vitro metabolite identification in horse plasma
    Study

    horsen: not reported in source

    horse plasma
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    To our knowledge, this is the first identification of in vitro metabolites of all the studied peptides other than TB-500 in horses.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In our study, a simple mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction cartridge was employed for the extraction of seven target peptides (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, hexarelin, CJC-1295, and N-acetylated LKKTETQ (active ingredient of TB-500)) and their in vitro metabolites from horse plasma.

    In this study, CJC-1295 (with DAC) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking CJC-1295 (with DAC).

  7. 11LabNot a test of Ipamorelin aloneOther designOther

    The study identified in vitro metabolites of ipamorelin in horse plasma for the first time.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests with horse plasma, the study identified breakdown products of ipamorelin for the first time.

    Peptide
    Ipamorelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableIn vitro metabolite identification in horse plasma
    Study

    horsen: not reported in source

    horse plasma
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    To our knowledge, this is the first identification of in vitro metabolites of all the studied peptides other than TB-500 in horses.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In our study, a simple mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction cartridge was employed for the extraction of seven target peptides (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, hexarelin, CJC-1295, and N-acetylated LKKTETQ (active ingredient of TB-500)) and their in vitro metabolites from horse plasma.

    In this study, Ipamorelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Ipamorelin.

  8. 12LabNot a test of GHRP-6 aloneOther designOther

    A solid-phase extraction and mass spectrometry method estimated limits of detection below 50 pg/mL for all seven target peptides, GHRP‑6 included, in horse plasma.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests on horse plasma, a method detected all seven peptides, GHRP‑6 included, at below 50 pg/mL.

    Peptide
    GHRP-6
    Outcome
    Not applicableLimit of detection in horse plasma
    Study

    horsen: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Limit of detection
    < 50 pg/mL
    all seven peptides in horse plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The limits of detection for all seven peptides were estimated to be less than 50 pg/mL.

    In this study, GHRP-6 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-6.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 26 to 49Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:02 UTC

    The same notice was added 24 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 21:43 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Versions 24 to 25

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    The same notice was added 2 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Versions 6 to 23

    13 Oct 2026, 14:22 UTC

    The same notice was added 18 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  4. Versions 2 to 5

    9 Oct 2026, 03:13 UTC

    The same notice was added 4 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  5. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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