In PepBank now:147 peptides, 6 blends and 13 other compounds97,577 study results from 17,383 studies8,473 clinical trialsUpdated
Comparing 2 peptides · Data version 308560
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| Peptide | Natural peptide Glucagon | Synthetic analog Liraglutide | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity | |||
| Kind | Natural peptide | Synthetic analog | |
| Area | Weight and metabolic | Weight and metabolic | |
| Evidence | |||
| Amount of evidence | 627 | 4,766 | |
| Evidence level | Has results from studies in people | Has results from studies in people | |
| Safety | |||
| Safety results | 70 (70 in people) | 805 (793 in people) | |
| Status | |||
| Approval | |||
| Sport (WADA) | |||
| Registered trials | 218 · 33 active926 more mention it but do not test it | 469 · 30 active49 more mention it but do not test it | |
Shared outcomes
From the regulatory data of each peptide.
The FDA label for GlucaGen says: “Severe hypoglycemia in pediatric and adult patients with diabetes”
Outcome groups with study results for at least two of these peptides. Counts include only results from studies that gave the peptide. Bar length is the number of results, on one scale. The bars show how much was studied, not how large an effect was. A peptide with more studies can look stronger here without being stronger. For results, see the randomized results above.
| Outcome group | Glucagon | Liraglutide |
|---|---|---|
| Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight | 22119625 | 1,117106749 |
PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.
The EMA label for Victoza says: “Adults, adolescents and children 10 years and older with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes, as an adjunct to diet and exercise”
| Body weightMetabolic and weight | 11 | 83481717 |
|---|
| Adverse eventsWhole body | 3838 | 50449311 |
|---|
| Heart functionCardiovascular | 1616 | 214198142 |
|---|
| Gastrointestinal adverse eventsGastrointestinal | 1818 | 185185 |
|---|
| LipidsMetabolic and weight | 18126 | 14313733 |
|---|
| PharmacokineticsPharmacology | 45441 | 969231 |
|---|
| Liver fat and liver functionLiver | 532 | 1361279 |
|---|
| Blood pressureCardiovascular | 972 | 1201182 |
|---|
| Appetite and food intakeMetabolic and weight | 12102 | 1129517 |
|---|
| Kidney functionKidney and urinary | 77 | 1049932 |
|---|
| Receptor activity and mechanismNervous system and cognition | 331716 | 8250626 |
|---|
Each analog against its native parent, residue by residue. Substitutions, non-standard residues and modifications are marked. Calculated from the two sequences.
Liraglutide differs from Glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-37) at 1 position and carries 1 added group.
What is different
For each outcome that two or more peptides have results for: the best result of a single randomized trial, on the same measure (the same kind of number, the same unit). When a trial has several dose arms, the cell shows the highest dose arm. The trials differ in people, length and dose, so a gap between two cells is not proof that one peptide works better.
| Outcome | Glucagon | Liraglutide |
|---|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal adverse eventsGastrointestinalCompared as: share of people in the arm that got the peptide, in % | 44 to 56% Nausea incidence Dose studied: 0.5 or 1.0 mgn not reported2018 | 45% Nausea incidence 8 weeksn = 202015 |
44 to 56%
Nausea incidence
Dose studied: 0.5 or 1.0 mgn not reported2018
45%
Nausea incidence
8 weeksn = 202015
The other peptides have no randomized result on the same measure, so these results cannot be set side by side.
| Outcome | Glucagon | Liraglutide |
|---|---|---|
| Glycemic controlMetabolic and weightCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | No comparable result 52 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | −1.09% HbA1c difference Dose studied: 1.8 mg once daily26 weeksn = 3442009 |
| LipidsMetabolic and weightCompared as: difference from placebo, in lipids | No comparable result 3 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 21 lipids Lipids decreased 26 weeksn = 1022021 |
|---|
| Heart functionCardiovascularCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | No comparable result 2 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 4.7% Difference in LVEF change Dose studied: 0.6 mg for 2 days, 1.2 mg for 2 days, then 1.8 mg for 3 days7 daysn = 902016 |
|---|
| Respiratory functionRespiratoryCompared as: difference from placebo, in % of predicted | No comparable result 3 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 5.2 % of predicted ΔFVC Dose studied: 1.8 mg daily7 weeksn = 762022 |
|---|
| Gastrointestinal motilityGastrointestinalCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | No comparable result 5 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | −31.7% Reduction in large bowel transit time · Shown as a change. The study reports a reduction in large bowel transit time of this size. Dose studied: 1.8 mg/day26 weeksn = 482020 |
|---|
| Receptor activity and mechanismCardiovascularCompared as: difference from placebo, in proteins | No comparable result 1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit. | 124 proteins Proteins modulated Dose studied: 3 mg daily5 weeksn = 202026 |
|---|
| PharmacokineticsPharmacologyCompared as: difference from placebo, in minutes | No comparable result 6 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 15 minutes tmax delay Dose studied: 1.8 mgn = 182011 |
|---|
| Body weightMetabolic and weightCompared as: difference from placebo, in sds | No randomized trial result 1 result from other study designs. | −0.22 SDS Estimated difference in BMI SDS Dose studied: 3.0 mg56 weeksn = 2512020 |
|---|
| Body compositionMetabolic and weightCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | No randomized trial result 4 results from other study designs. | −0.24% Treatment difference Dose studied: 3.0 mg target dose, once daily40 weeksn = 1282024 |
|---|
| Vascular functionCardiovascularCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No randomized trial result 5 results from other study designs. | −8.6% PWV decrease · Shown as a change. The study reports a pwv decrease of this size. 12 monthsn = 802020 |
|---|
| Liver fat and liver functionLiverCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | No randomized trial result 5 results from other study designs. | −44% Liver fat reduction · Shown as a change. The study reports a liver fat reduction of this size. Dose studied: 1.8 mg/d26 weeksn = 722018 |
|---|
No comparable result
52 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
−1.09%
HbA1c difference
Dose studied: 1.8 mg once daily26 weeksn = 3442009
No comparable result
3 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
21 lipids
Lipids decreased
26 weeksn = 1022021
No comparable result
2 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
4.7%
Difference in LVEF change
Dose studied: 0.6 mg for 2 days, 1.2 mg for 2 days, then 1.8 mg for 3 days7 daysn = 902016
No comparable result
3 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
5.2 % of predicted
ΔFVC
Dose studied: 1.8 mg daily7 weeksn = 762022
No comparable result
5 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
−31.7%
Reduction in large bowel transit time · Shown as a change. The study reports a reduction in large bowel transit time of this size.
Dose studied: 1.8 mg/day26 weeksn = 482020
No comparable result
1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit.
124 proteins
Proteins modulated
Dose studied: 3 mg daily5 weeksn = 202026
No comparable result
6 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
15 minutes
tmax delay
Dose studied: 1.8 mgn = 182011
No randomized trial result
1 result from other study designs.
−0.22 SDS
Estimated difference in BMI SDS
Dose studied: 3.0 mg56 weeksn = 2512020
No randomized trial result
4 results from other study designs.
−0.24%
Treatment difference
Dose studied: 3.0 mg target dose, once daily40 weeksn = 1282024
No randomized trial result
5 results from other study designs.
−8.6%
PWV decrease · Shown as a change. The study reports a pwv decrease of this size.
12 monthsn = 802020
No randomized trial result
5 results from other study designs.
−44%
Liver fat reduction · Shown as a change. The study reports a liver fat reduction of this size.
Dose studied: 1.8 mg/d26 weeksn = 722018
Registered trials, ranked by phase (late phases first), then posted results and enrollment. Status is the registry status. Study results come from published studies. Results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov are shown on each trial page.
Top 3 of 218 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 3 completed · 3 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Zealand Pharma170 participants7 Dec 2017 to 25 May 2018
Hypoglycemia · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Xeris Pharmaceuticals132 participants27 Sept 2018 to 2 Apr 2019
Insulin Hypoglycemia · Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus · Severe Hypoglycemia
Eli Lilly and Company129 participantsMay 2014 to Aug 2015
Hypoglycemia · Diabetes Mellitus · Drug-Specific Antibodies
926 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.
Top 3 of 469 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 3 completed · 3 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Novo Nordisk A/S9,341 participants31 Aug 2010 to 17 Dec 2015
Diabetes · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
GRADE Study Group7,850 participantsMay 2013 to 30 Apr 2021
Type 2 Diabetes · Comparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications
Novo Nordisk A/S3,731 participants1 Jun 2011 to 2 Mar 2015
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorder · Obesity
49 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.