Assessing the Association Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Diabetic Foot Complications Using Real-World Pharmacovigilance Database and Mendelian Randomization.

Zhang T, Luo X, Chen C, Zhang Y, Xu B, He Z, Zhou J

The international journal of lower extremity wounds11 Sept 2026

PMID42726083DOI10.1177/15347346261487722PepBankPUB-42726083

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

3 results from studies that gave the peptide. 3 results from people.

01HumanObservational studySafety outcome
In FAERS analysis, dulaglutide had a lower diabetic foot reporting ratio than other ATC-A10 drugs.
In plain wordsClinical adverse event report analysis linked dulaglutide to lower diabetic foot reporting than other diabetes drugs.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseDiabetic foot reporting
Study
Homo sapiensn: not reported in source
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System clinical adverse event reports
Comparator
Other ATC-A10 drugs
Outcome group
Adverse events · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
PRR
0.49 ratio
dulaglutide versus other ATC-A10 drugs
PRR 95% CI
0.45 to 0.54 ratio
dulaglutide versus other ATC-A10 drugs
Source sentences
Summary
This trend was consistently observed across individual GLP-1RA molecules, including semaglutide (PRR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.51), dulaglutide (PRR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.54), and liraglutide (PRR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.35).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The frequency of diabetic foot reports in the GLP-1RA group was significantly lower than in the control group (6.38 vs 11.31/1000 reports), with a proportional reporting ratio (PRR) of 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.59; P < 0.001).
Summary · context
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and performed drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to explore the association between GLP-1RAs and diabetic foot complications.
Report a problemFND-4272608304
02HumanObservational studySafety outcome
In FAERS analysis, liraglutide had a lower diabetic foot reporting ratio than other ATC-A10 drugs.
In plain wordsComputer analysis linked liraglutide to lower diabetic foot reporting than other diabetes drugs.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseDiabetic foot reporting
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other ATC-A10 drugs
Outcome group
Adverse events · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Proportional reporting ratio
0.3 PRR
liraglutide versus other ATC-A10 drugs
95% CI of PRR
0.26 to 0.35 PRR
liraglutide versus other ATC-A10 drugs
Source sentences
Summary
This trend was consistently observed across individual GLP-1RA molecules, including semaglutide (PRR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.51), dulaglutide (PRR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.54), and liraglutide (PRR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.35).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The frequency of diabetic foot reports in the GLP-1RA group was significantly lower than in the control group (6.38 vs 11.31/1000 reports), with a proportional reporting ratio (PRR) of 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.59; P < 0.001).
Summary · context
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and performed drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to explore the association between GLP-1RAs and diabetic foot complications.
Report a problemFND-4272608305
03HumanObservational studySafety outcome
In FAERS analysis, semaglutide had a lower diabetic foot reporting ratio than other ATC-A10 drugs.
In plain wordsComputer analysis linked semaglutide to lower diabetic foot reporting than other diabetes drugs.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseDiabetic foot reporting
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other ATC-A10 drugs
Outcome group
Adverse events · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Proportional reporting ratio
0.45 PRR
semaglutide versus other ATC-A10 drugs
95% CI of PRR
0.39 to 0.51 PRR
semaglutide versus other ATC-A10 drugs
Source sentences
Summary
This trend was consistently observed across individual GLP-1RA molecules, including semaglutide (PRR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.51), dulaglutide (PRR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.54), and liraglutide (PRR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.35).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The frequency of diabetic foot reports in the GLP-1RA group was significantly lower than in the control group (6.38 vs 11.31/1000 reports), with a proportional reporting ratio (PRR) of 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.59; P < 0.001).
Summary · context
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and performed drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to explore the association between GLP-1RAs and diabetic foot complications.
Report a problemFND-4272608306

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

04HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In FAERS analysis, pooled GLP-1RA reports had lower diabetic foot reporting frequency than other ATC-A10 reports.
In plain wordsClinical adverse event report analysis linked pooled GLP-1RA reports to lower diabetic foot reporting than other diabetes drug reports.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseDiabetic foot reporting
Study
Homo sapiensn: not reported in source
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System clinical adverse event reports
Comparator
Other ATC-A10 drugs
Outcome group
Adverse events · Musculoskeletal
Measurements
Diabetic foot report frequency
6.38 per 1000 reports
pooled GLP-1RA reports
Diabetic foot report frequency
11.31 per 1000 reports
other ATC-A10 drug reports
PRR
0.56 ratio
pooled GLP-1RA versus other ATC-A10 drugs
PRR 95% CI
0.54 to 0.59 ratio
pooled GLP-1RA versus other ATC-A10 drugs
Source sentences
Summary
The frequency of diabetic foot reports in the GLP-1RA group was significantly lower than in the control group (6.38 vs 11.31/1000 reports), with a proportional reporting ratio (PRR) of 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.59; P < 0.001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and performed drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to explore the association between GLP-1RAs and diabetic foot complications.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4272608301
05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In FAERS analysis, pooled GLP-1RA reports had lower diabetic foot reporting frequency than other ATC-A10 reports.
In plain wordsComputer analysis linked pooled GLP-1RA reports to lower diabetic foot reporting than other diabetes drug reports.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseDiabetic foot reporting
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other ATC-A10 drugs
Outcome group
Adverse events · Musculoskeletal
Measurements
Diabetic foot report frequency
6.38 per 1000 reports
GLP-1RA group
Diabetic foot report frequency
11.31 per 1000 reports
other ATC-A10 control group
Proportional reporting ratio
0.56 PRR
GLP-1RA versus other ATC-A10 drugs
95% CI of PRR
0.54 to 0.59 PRR
GLP-1RA versus other ATC-A10 drugs
P value
< 0.001 P
GLP-1RA versus other ATC-A10 drugs
Source sentences
Summary
The frequency of diabetic foot reports in the GLP-1RA group was significantly lower than in the control group (6.38 vs 11.31/1000 reports), with a proportional reporting ratio (PRR) of 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.59; P < 0.001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and performed drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to explore the association between GLP-1RAs and diabetic foot complications.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4272608302
06HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In FAERS analysis, pooled GLP-1RA reports had lower diabetic foot reporting frequency than other ATC-A10 reports.
In plain wordsComputer analysis linked pooled GLP-1RA reports to lower diabetic foot reporting than other diabetes drug reports.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseDiabetic foot reporting
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other ATC-A10 drugs
Outcome group
Adverse events · Musculoskeletal
Measurements
Diabetic foot report frequency
6.38 per 1000 reports
GLP-1RA group
Diabetic foot report frequency
11.31 per 1000 reports
other ATC-A10 control group
Proportional reporting ratio
0.56 PRR
GLP-1RA versus other ATC-A10 drugs
95% CI of PRR
0.54 to 0.59 PRR
GLP-1RA versus other ATC-A10 drugs
P value
< 0.001 P
GLP-1RA versus other ATC-A10 drugs
Source sentences
Summary
The frequency of diabetic foot reports in the GLP-1RA group was significantly lower than in the control group (6.38 vs 11.31/1000 reports), with a proportional reporting ratio (PRR) of 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.59; P < 0.001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and performed drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to explore the association between GLP-1RAs and diabetic foot complications.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4272608303
07Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther
Drug-target Mendelian randomization generally corroborated the pooled GLP-1RA diabetic foot reporting association.
In plain wordsComputer genetic analysis generally supported the pooled GLP-1RA association with fewer diabetic foot complications.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseGLP-1R agonism and diabetic foot
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
MR results generally corroborated the findings from the retrospective analyses of the AE records in the FAERS database.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and performed drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to explore the association between GLP-1RAs and diabetic foot complications.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4272608307
08Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
Drug-target Mendelian randomization generally corroborated the pooled GLP-1RA diabetic foot reporting association.
In plain wordsComputer genetic analysis generally supported the pooled GLP-1RA association with fewer diabetic foot complications.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseGLP-1R agonism and diabetic foot
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
MR results generally corroborated the findings from the retrospective analyses of the AE records in the FAERS database.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and performed drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to explore the association between GLP-1RAs and diabetic foot complications.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4272608308
09Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther
Drug-target Mendelian randomization generally corroborated the pooled GLP-1RA diabetic foot reporting association.
In plain wordsComputer genetic analysis generally supported the pooled GLP-1RA association with fewer diabetic foot complications.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseGLP-1R agonism and diabetic foot
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
MR results generally corroborated the findings from the retrospective analyses of the AE records in the FAERS database.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and performed drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to explore the association between GLP-1RAs and diabetic foot complications.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4272608309

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 4Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 3
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

Keywords

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