Clinical Outcomes Associated with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exposure in Non-Diabetic Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Dhali A, Biswas J, Khan F, Dahiya DS, Mandal S

Journal of personalized medicine20 Aug 2026

PMID42645931PMCIDPMC13514437DOI10.3390/jpm16080437PepBankPUB-42645931

Summary

Background: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for obesity and metabolic disease, but their use in people with chronic pancreatitis is not a chronic pancreatitis-directed indication and direct evidence is limited. We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure. Methods: We performed a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study using the TriNetX Collaborative Network. Chronic pancreatitis was identified from a recorded diagnosis; supporting imaging, histological, functional, or specialist-confirmation criteria were unavailable. The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching). One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort. Outcomes were assessed from 1 to 1095 days after the index date using risk comparisons and time-to-event analyses. Results: Mean follow-up after matching was 458.8 days in the exposed cohort and 664.4 days in the comparator cohort. Recurrent acute pancreatitis was recorded in 19/799 (2.4%) versus 76/704 (10.8%) patients (HR 0.247, 95% CI 0.149-0.409), pancreatic cancer in 10/1373 (0.7%) versus 40/1345 (3.0%) (HR 0.255, 95% CI 0.128-0.511), and all-cause mortality in 21/1419 (1.5%) versus 157/1416 (11.1%) (HR 0.167, 95% CI 0.105-0.263). A similar direction was observed across several coded outcomes. Vitamin D deficiency showed a higher hazard (HR 1.556, 95% CI 1.129-2.145), although its risk comparison was not significant. Conclusions: These estimates describe outcomes in a selected treatment-exposed phenotype of chronic pancreatitis. The findings are hypothesis-generating and should not guide prescribing decisions. Further prospective studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study12

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone12

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to lower mortality than no exposure.
In plain wordsIn non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to lower mortality versus no recorded exposure.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseAll-cause mortality
Study
n = 2,835
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Measurements
Event proportion
1.5%
pooled GLP-1 RA exposed cohort (21/1419)
Event proportion
11.1%
cohort without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (157/1416)
Hazard ratio
0.167 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
0.105 to 0.263 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
and all-cause mortality in 21/1419 (1.5%) versus 157/1416 (11.1%) (HR 0.167, 95% CI 0.105-0.263).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593107
02HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to lower mortality than no exposure.
In plain wordsIn non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to lower mortality versus no recorded exposure.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAll-cause mortality
Study
n = 2,835
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Measurements
Event proportion
1.5%
pooled GLP-1 RA exposed cohort (21/1419)
Event proportion
11.1%
cohort without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (157/1416)
Hazard ratio
0.167 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
0.105 to 0.263 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
and all-cause mortality in 21/1419 (1.5%) versus 157/1416 (11.1%) (HR 0.167, 95% CI 0.105-0.263).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593108
03HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to lower mortality than no exposure.
In plain wordsIn non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to lower mortality versus no recorded exposure.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseAll-cause mortality
Study
n = 2,835
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Measurements
Event proportion
1.5%
pooled GLP-1 RA exposed cohort (21/1419)
Event proportion
11.1%
cohort without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (157/1416)
Hazard ratio
0.167 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
0.105 to 0.263 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
and all-cause mortality in 21/1419 (1.5%) versus 157/1416 (11.1%) (HR 0.167, 95% CI 0.105-0.263).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593109
04HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less pancreatic cancer than no exposure.
In plain wordsIn non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less pancreatic cancer versus no recorded exposure.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreasePancreatic cancer
Study
n = 2,718
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Measurements
Event proportion
0.7%
pooled GLP-1 RA exposed cohort (10/1373)
Event proportion
3%
cohort without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (40/1345)
Hazard ratio
0.255 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
0.128 to 0.511 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
pancreatic cancer in 10/1373 (0.7%) versus 40/1345 (3.0%) (HR 0.255, 95% CI 0.128-0.511)
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593104
05HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less pancreatic cancer than no exposure.
In plain wordsIn non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less pancreatic cancer versus no recorded exposure.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreasePancreatic cancer
Study
n = 2,718
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Measurements
Event proportion
0.7%
pooled GLP-1 RA exposed cohort (10/1373)
Event proportion
3%
cohort without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (40/1345)
Hazard ratio
0.255 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
0.128 to 0.511 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
pancreatic cancer in 10/1373 (0.7%) versus 40/1345 (3.0%) (HR 0.255, 95% CI 0.128-0.511)
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593105
06HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less pancreatic cancer than no exposure.
In plain wordsIn non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less pancreatic cancer versus no recorded exposure.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreasePancreatic cancer
Study
n = 2,718
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Measurements
Event proportion
0.7%
pooled GLP-1 RA exposed cohort (10/1373)
Event proportion
3%
cohort without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (40/1345)
Hazard ratio
0.255 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
0.128 to 0.511 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
pancreatic cancer in 10/1373 (0.7%) versus 40/1345 (3.0%) (HR 0.255, 95% CI 0.128-0.511)
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593106
07HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less recurrent acute pancreatitis than no exposure.
In plain wordsIn non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less recurrent acute pancreatitis versus no recorded exposure.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseRecurrent acute pancreatitis
Study
n = 1,503
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Event proportion
2.4%
pooled GLP-1 RA exposed cohort (19/799)
Event proportion
10.8%
cohort without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (76/704)
Hazard ratio
0.247 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
0.149 to 0.409 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
Recurrent acute pancreatitis was recorded in 19/799 (2.4%) versus 76/704 (10.8%) patients (HR 0.247, 95% CI 0.149-0.409)
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593101
08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less recurrent acute pancreatitis than no exposure.
In plain wordsIn non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less recurrent acute pancreatitis versus no recorded exposure.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseRecurrent acute pancreatitis
Study
n = 1,503
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Event proportion
2.4%
pooled GLP-1 RA exposed cohort (19/799)
Event proportion
10.8%
cohort without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (76/704)
Hazard ratio
0.247 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
0.149 to 0.409 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
Recurrent acute pancreatitis was recorded in 19/799 (2.4%) versus 76/704 (10.8%) patients (HR 0.247, 95% CI 0.149-0.409)
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593102
09HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less recurrent acute pancreatitis than no exposure.
In plain wordsIn non-diabetic adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to less recurrent acute pancreatitis versus no recorded exposure.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseRecurrent acute pancreatitis
Study
n = 1,503
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
Event proportion
2.4%
pooled GLP-1 RA exposed cohort (19/799)
Event proportion
10.8%
cohort without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (76/704)
Hazard ratio
0.247 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
0.149 to 0.409 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
Recurrent acute pancreatitis was recorded in 19/799 (2.4%) versus 76/704 (10.8%) patients (HR 0.247, 95% CI 0.149-0.409)
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593103
10HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure showed higher vitamin D deficiency hazard but no significant risk difference versus no exposure.
In plain wordsIn chronic pancreatitis patients, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to higher vitamin D deficiency hazard, but no significant risk difference, versus no exposure.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
MixedVitamin D deficiency
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Nutritional deficiencies · Whole body
Measurements
Hazard ratio
1.556 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
1.129 to 2.145 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
Vitamin D deficiency showed a higher hazard (HR 1.556, 95% CI 1.129-2.145), although its risk comparison was not significant.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593110
11HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure showed higher vitamin D deficiency hazard but no significant risk difference versus no exposure.
In plain wordsIn chronic pancreatitis patients, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to higher vitamin D deficiency hazard, but no significant risk difference, versus no exposure.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
MixedVitamin D deficiency
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Nutritional deficiencies · Whole body
Measurements
Hazard ratio
1.556 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
1.129 to 2.145 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
Vitamin D deficiency showed a higher hazard (HR 1.556, 95% CI 1.129-2.145), although its risk comparison was not significant.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593111
12HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In adults with chronic pancreatitis, pooled GLP-1 exposure showed higher vitamin D deficiency hazard but no significant risk difference versus no exposure.
In plain wordsIn chronic pancreatitis patients, pooled GLP-1 exposure was linked to higher vitamin D deficiency hazard, but no significant risk difference, versus no exposure.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
MixedVitamin D deficiency
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
No recorded GLP-1 RA exposure
Outcome group
Nutritional deficiencies · Whole body
Measurements
Hazard ratio
1.556 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Hazard ratio 95% CI
1.129 to 2.145 HR
exposed versus unexposed
Source sentences
Summary
Vitamin D deficiency showed a higher hazard (HR 1.556, 95% CI 1.129-2.145), although its risk comparison was not significant.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We described recorded outcomes among non-diabetic adults carrying a chronic pancreatitis diagnosis who did or did not have recorded GLP-1 RA exposure.
Summary · context
The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching).
Summary · context
One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264593112

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 4Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 3
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Clinical Outcomes Associated with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exposure in Non-Diabetic Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Summary

Results from this study12

Studies that did not test the peptide alone12

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

Keywords