Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight management in mental illness: a network meta-analysis.

Kishi T, Ikuta T, Sakuma K, Hatano M, Takayanagi T, Suzuki A, Iwata N

Translational psychiatry8 Jul 2026

PMID42420255PMCIDPMC13631319DOI10.1038/s41398-026-04253-6PepBankPUB-42420255

Summary

Background/objectivesThis network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.Subjects/methodsOutcomes included body weight (primary); body mass index (BMI); waist circumference; blood-based measures, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides; systolic and diastolic blood pressure; death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea; psychiatric hospitalization; and changes in overall schizophrenia symptoms.ResultsTreatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1). S-LIR(QD) and S-SEM(QW) were significantly associated with reduced body weight compared with control, with standardized mean differences (95% confidence intervals) of -0.945 ( - 1.784 to -0.106) and -2.101 ( - 2.978 to -1.224), respectively. S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control. S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control. Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.ConclusionsS-SEM(QW) may be the preferred treatment option, given its largest estimated effects versus control on body weight; however, its comparative ranking is uncertain due to sparse networks, substantial heterogeneity, and predominant indirect evidence.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study48

48 results from studies that gave the peptide. 48 results from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, daily subcutaneous liraglutide reduced body weight versus control (SMD -0.945, 95% CI -1.784 to -0.106).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, daily liraglutide reduced body weight more than control.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Standardized mean difference
−0.945
liraglutide versus control; 95% CI -1.784 to -0.106
Source sentences
Summary
S-LIR(QD) and S-SEM(QW) were significantly associated with reduced body weight compared with control, with standardized mean differences (95% confidence intervals) of -0.945 ( - 1.784 to -0.106) and -2.101 ( - 2.978 to -1.224), respectively.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
Outcomes included body weight (primary)
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025501
02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, weekly subcutaneous semaglutide reduced body weight versus control (SMD -2.101, 95% CI -2.978 to -1.224).
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, weekly semaglutide reduced body weight more than control.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Standardized mean difference
−2.101
semaglutide versus control; 95% CI -2.978 to -1.224
Source sentences
Summary
S-LIR(QD) and S-SEM(QW) were significantly associated with reduced body weight compared with control, with standardized mean differences (95% confidence intervals) of -0.945 ( - 1.784 to -0.106) and -2.101 ( - 2.978 to -1.224), respectively.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
Outcomes included body weight (primary)
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025502
03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide reduced waist circumference versus control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide reduced waist size more than control.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWaist circumference
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025503
04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide reduced HbA1c versus control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide lowered HbA1c more than control.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c level
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025504
05HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide had lower serious adverse event incidence than control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, serious adverse events were less common with liraglutide than control.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseSerious adverse event incidence
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025505
06HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide had higher nausea incidence than control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, nausea was more common with liraglutide than control.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseNausea incidence
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025506
07HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide had higher vomiting incidence than control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, vomiting was more common with liraglutide than control.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseVomiting incidence
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025507
08HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide had higher constipation incidence than control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, constipation was more common with liraglutide than control.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseConstipation incidence
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025508
09HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide reduced BMI versus control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide reduced BMI more than control.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody mass index
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025509
10HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide reduced waist circumference versus control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide reduced waist size more than control.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWaist circumference
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025510
11HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide reduced fasting plasma glucose versus control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide lowered fasting blood sugar more than control.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseFasting plasma glucose
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025511
12HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide reduced HbA1c versus control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide lowered HbA1c more than control.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c level
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025512
13HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide had higher nausea incidence than control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, nausea was more common with semaglutide than control.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseNausea incidence
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025513
14HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide had higher vomiting incidence than control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, vomiting was more common with semaglutide than control.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseVomiting incidence
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025514
15HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In people with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide had higher constipation incidence than control.
In plain wordsIn people with obesity and mental illness, constipation was more common with semaglutide than control.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseConstipation incidence
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025515
16HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in body mass index.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in BMI.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeBody mass index
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
body mass index (BMI)
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025516
17HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in fasting plasma glucose.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in fasting glucose.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeFasting plasma glucose
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
blood-based measures, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025517
18HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in total cholesterol.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in total cholesterol.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeTotal cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
blood-based measures, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025518
19HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in LDL cholesterol.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
blood-based measures, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025519
20HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in HDL cholesterol.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
blood-based measures, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025520
21HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in triglycerides.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in triglycerides.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeTriglycerides
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
blood-based measures, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025521
22HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in systolic blood pressure.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in systolic blood pressure.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeSystolic blood pressure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025522
23HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in death.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in death.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDeath
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025523
24HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in all-cause discontinuation.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in all-cause discontinuation.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAll-cause discontinuation
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025524
25HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in injection-site adverse events.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in injection-site side effects.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeInjection-site adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Adverse events · Skin and wound
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025525
26HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in headache.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in headache.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeHeadache
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Adverse events · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025526
27HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in psychiatric hospitalization.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in psychiatric hospitalization.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changePsychiatric hospitalization
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
psychiatric hospitalization; and changes in overall schizophrenia symptoms.
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025527
28HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in overall schizophrenia symptoms.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in overall schizophrenia symptoms.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeOverall schizophrenia symptoms
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
psychiatric hospitalization; and changes in overall schizophrenia symptoms.
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025528
29HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in total cholesterol.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in total cholesterol.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeTotal cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
blood-based measures, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025529
30HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in systolic blood pressure.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in systolic blood pressure.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeSystolic blood pressure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025530
31HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in death.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in death.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDeath
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025531
32HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in serious adverse events.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in serious side effects.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeSerious adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025532
33HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in headache.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in headache.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeHeadache
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Adverse events · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025533
34HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in psychiatric hospitalization.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in psychiatric hospitalization.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changePsychiatric hospitalization
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
psychiatric hospitalization; and changes in overall schizophrenia symptoms.
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025534
35HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in diastolic blood pressure.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in diastolic blood pressure.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDiastolic blood pressure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025535
36HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in adverse-event-related discontinuation.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in side-effect-related discontinuation.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAdverse-event-related discontinuation
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025536
37HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in dizziness.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in dizziness.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDizziness
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Adverse events · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025537
38HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in diarrhea.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, liraglutide did not differ from control in diarrhea.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDiarrhea
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-LIR(QD) was associated with waist circumference and HbA1c level reductions, lower SAE incidences, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation incidences compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025538
39HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in LDL cholesterol.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
blood-based measures, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025539
40HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in HDL cholesterol.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
blood-based measures, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025540
41HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in triglycerides.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in triglycerides.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeTriglycerides
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
blood-based measures, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025541
42HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in diastolic blood pressure.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in diastolic blood pressure.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDiastolic blood pressure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025542
43HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in all-cause discontinuation.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in all-cause discontinuation.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAll-cause discontinuation
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025543
44HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in adverse-event-related discontinuation.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in side-effect-related discontinuation.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAdverse-event-related discontinuation
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025544
45HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in injection-site adverse events.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in injection-site side effects.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeInjection-site adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Adverse events · Skin and wound
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025545
46HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in dizziness.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in dizziness.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDizziness
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Adverse events · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025546
47HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in diarrhea.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in diarrhea.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDiarrhea
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
death; all-cause discontinuation; adverse event-related discontinuation; serious adverse events (SAEs), injection site-related adverse events, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025547
48HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In the network meta-analysis of participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in overall schizophrenia symptoms.
In plain wordsIn participants with obesity and mental illness, semaglutide did not differ from control in overall schizophrenia symptoms.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeOverall schizophrenia symptoms
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Control (placebo and non-placebo trials)
Outcome group
Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
Studied dose
Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Each drug did not differ from control regarding other outcomes.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
psychiatric hospitalization; and changes in overall schizophrenia symptoms.
Summary · context
This network meta-analysis involved nine randomized controlled trials, comprising 595 participants (average age = 37.8 years, 55.3% female, 83.9% schizophrenia spectrum disorders), evaluating the comparative risk-benefit profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity comorbid with mental illness.
Summary · context
Treatment arms comprised subcutaneous exenatide (S-EXE)(twice-daily [BID]/once-weekly [QW]), subcutaneous liraglutide (S-LIR)(once-daily [QD]), and subcutaneous semaglutide (S-SEM)(QW), alongside a control group (placebo, k = 8; non-placebo, k = 1).
Summary · context
S-SEM(QW) was associated with reduced BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels, and higher nausea, vomiting, and constipation compared with the control.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4242025548

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight management in mental illness: a network meta-analysis.

Summary

Results from this study48

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms