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Study · Observational study · 2026

8 results

Comparison of Specific Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Kidney Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Neumiller JJ, Deng Y, Swarna KS, Polley EC, Herrin J, Galindo RJ, Umpierrez GE, Ross JS, Mickelson MM, Dryden K, Tuttle KR, McCoy RG

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation16 Jun 2026Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID42302979 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.04.007 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-42302979
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. 6 results from people.

  1. 01HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with diabetes and moderate cardiovascular risk, no difference in the primary kidney composite outcome was found among dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide and semaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and moderate heart risk, combined kidney disease risk did not differ among dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide and semaglutide.

    Peptide
    Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
    Outcome
    No significant changePrimary kidney composite
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Exenatide, liraglutide and semaglutide
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There was no difference among dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide with respect to the primary outcome.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A primary kidney composite outcome inclusive of incident diagnosis codes for CKD stages 3-4 and kidney failure (inclusive of CKD stage 5 and kidney replacement therapy).
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study using the target trial emulation framework.
    Summary · context
    Participants were adults ≥21 years of age, at moderate cardiovascular risk, who filled a new prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021.
  2. 02HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with T2D and moderate cardiovascular risk, semaglutide was associated with lower risk of the secondary kidney-disease/failure-or-all-cause-death composite versus dulaglutide (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97).

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and moderate cardiovascular risk, semaglutide was linked to lower kidney-or-death composite risk than dulaglutide.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseSecondary kidney composite outcome
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Dulaglutide
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Hazard ratio
    0.92
    secondary kidney-or-all-cause-death composite; versus dulaglutide; 95% CI 0.87-0.97

    Source sentences

    Summary
    When compared to dulaglutide and exenatide, semaglutide was associated with a reduced risk for the secondary kidney composite outcome by 8% (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87-0.97]) and 12% (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.79-0.99]), respectively.
    9 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined within class effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and moderate cardiovascular risk.
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study using the target trial emulation framework.
    Summary · context
    This study used claims data from OptumLabs Data Warehouse and 100% sample of Medicare fee-for-service claims.
    Summary · context
    Participants were adults ≥21 years of age, at moderate cardiovascular risk, who filled a new prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021.
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 receptor agonists dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, or semaglutide.
    Summary · context
    A primary kidney composite outcome inclusive of incident diagnosis codes for CKD stages 3-4 and kidney failure (inclusive of CKD stage 5 and kidney replacement therapy).
    Summary · context
    A secondary kidney composite outcome included the elements of the primary composite outcome plus death from any cause.
    Summary · context
    Random treatment assignment was emulated using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with propensity scores estimated using the SuperLearner ensemble method.
  3. 03HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with T2D and moderate cardiovascular risk, semaglutide was associated with lower risk of the secondary kidney-disease/failure-or-all-cause-death composite versus exenatide (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.99).

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and moderate cardiovascular risk, semaglutide was linked to lower kidney-or-death composite risk than exenatide.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseSecondary kidney composite outcome
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Exenatide
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Hazard ratio
    0.88
    secondary kidney-or-all-cause-death composite; versus exenatide; 95% CI 0.79-0.99

    Source sentences

    Summary
    When compared to dulaglutide and exenatide, semaglutide was associated with a reduced risk for the secondary kidney composite outcome by 8% (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87-0.97]) and 12% (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.79-0.99]), respectively.
    9 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined within class effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and moderate cardiovascular risk.
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study using the target trial emulation framework.
    Summary · context
    This study used claims data from OptumLabs Data Warehouse and 100% sample of Medicare fee-for-service claims.
    Summary · context
    Participants were adults ≥21 years of age, at moderate cardiovascular risk, who filled a new prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021.
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 receptor agonists dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, or semaglutide.
    Summary · context
    A primary kidney composite outcome inclusive of incident diagnosis codes for CKD stages 3-4 and kidney failure (inclusive of CKD stage 5 and kidney replacement therapy).
    Summary · context
    A secondary kidney composite outcome included the elements of the primary composite outcome plus death from any cause.
    Summary · context
    Random treatment assignment was emulated using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with propensity scores estimated using the SuperLearner ensemble method.
  4. 04HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with diabetes and moderate cardiovascular risk, semaglutide was associated with an 8% lower risk of the secondary kidney composite outcome than dulaglutide (HR 0.92).

    In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and moderate heart risk, semaglutide was linked to lower combined kidney disease or death risk than dulaglutide.

    Peptide
    Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSecondary kidney composite including death
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Semaglutide
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Hazard ratio, semaglutide versus dulaglutide
    0.92 HR
    secondary kidney composite outcome
    95% CI of hazard ratio
    0.87 to 0.97 HR
    secondary kidney composite outcome, semaglutide versus dulaglutide
    Relative risk reduction with semaglutide
    8%
    secondary kidney composite outcome, versus dulaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    When compared to dulaglutide and exenatide, semaglutide was associated with a reduced risk for the secondary kidney composite outcome by 8% (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87-0.97]) and 12% (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.79-0.99]), respectively.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A secondary kidney composite outcome included the elements of the primary composite outcome plus death from any cause.
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study using the target trial emulation framework.
    Summary · context
    Participants were adults ≥21 years of age, at moderate cardiovascular risk, who filled a new prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021.
  5. 05HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with T2D and moderate cardiovascular risk, semaglutide was associated with lower all-cause death risk than dulaglutide (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.93).

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and moderate cardiovascular risk, semaglutide was linked to lower death risk than dulaglutide.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseDeath
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Dulaglutide
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Hazard ratio
    0.81
    death; versus dulaglutide; 95% CI 0.70-0.93

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to dulaglutide, semaglutide was also associated with reduced risk of death (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70-0.93]).
    9 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined within class effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and moderate cardiovascular risk.
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study using the target trial emulation framework.
    Summary · context
    This study used claims data from OptumLabs Data Warehouse and 100% sample of Medicare fee-for-service claims.
    Summary · context
    Participants were adults ≥21 years of age, at moderate cardiovascular risk, who filled a new prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021.
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 receptor agonists dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, or semaglutide.
    Summary · context
    A primary kidney composite outcome inclusive of incident diagnosis codes for CKD stages 3-4 and kidney failure (inclusive of CKD stage 5 and kidney replacement therapy).
    Summary · context
    A secondary kidney composite outcome included the elements of the primary composite outcome plus death from any cause.
    Summary · context
    Random treatment assignment was emulated using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with propensity scores estimated using the SuperLearner ensemble method.
  6. 06HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with diabetes and moderate cardiovascular risk, semaglutide was associated with a lower risk of death than dulaglutide (HR 0.81).

    In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes and moderate heart risk, semaglutide was linked to lower death risk than dulaglutide.

    Peptide
    Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAll-cause death
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Semaglutide
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Hazard ratio for death, semaglutide versus dulaglutide
    0.81 HR
    all-cause death
    95% CI of hazard ratio
    0.7 to 0.93 HR
    all-cause death, semaglutide versus dulaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to dulaglutide, semaglutide was also associated with reduced risk of death (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70-0.93]).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study using the target trial emulation framework.
    Summary · context
    Participants were adults ≥21 years of age, at moderate cardiovascular risk, who filled a new prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with T2D and moderate cardiovascular risk, the observational four-drug comparison found no difference in the primary kidney composite among dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide and semaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and moderate cardiovascular risk, the primary kidney composite did not differ among dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide and semaglutide.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changePrimary kidney composite outcome
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide and semaglutide (four-drug omnibus comparison)
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There was no difference among dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide with respect to the primary outcome.
    9 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined within class effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and moderate cardiovascular risk.
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study using the target trial emulation framework.
    Summary · context
    This study used claims data from OptumLabs Data Warehouse and 100% sample of Medicare fee-for-service claims.
    Summary · context
    Participants were adults ≥21 years of age, at moderate cardiovascular risk, who filled a new prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021.
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 receptor agonists dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, or semaglutide.
    Summary · context
    A primary kidney composite outcome inclusive of incident diagnosis codes for CKD stages 3-4 and kidney failure (inclusive of CKD stage 5 and kidney replacement therapy).
    Summary · context
    A secondary kidney composite outcome included the elements of the primary composite outcome plus death from any cause.
    Summary · context
    Random treatment assignment was emulated using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with propensity scores estimated using the SuperLearner ensemble method.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with T2D and moderate cardiovascular risk, the observational four-drug comparison found no difference in the primary kidney composite among dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide and semaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with T2D and moderate cardiovascular risk, the primary kidney composite did not differ among dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide and semaglutide.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changePrimary kidney composite outcome
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide and semaglutide (four-drug omnibus comparison)
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There was no difference among dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide with respect to the primary outcome.
    9 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined within class effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and moderate cardiovascular risk.
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study using the target trial emulation framework.
    Summary · context
    This study used claims data from OptumLabs Data Warehouse and 100% sample of Medicare fee-for-service claims.
    Summary · context
    Participants were adults ≥21 years of age, at moderate cardiovascular risk, who filled a new prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021.
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 receptor agonists dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, or semaglutide.
    Summary · context
    A primary kidney composite outcome inclusive of incident diagnosis codes for CKD stages 3-4 and kidney failure (inclusive of CKD stage 5 and kidney replacement therapy).
    Summary · context
    A secondary kidney composite outcome included the elements of the primary composite outcome plus death from any cause.
    Summary · context
    Random treatment assignment was emulated using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with propensity scores estimated using the SuperLearner ensemble method.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 5 to 10Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC

    The same notice was added 6 times, first on 22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Version 4

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 3

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  4. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  5. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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