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Study · Systematic review · 2026

16 results

Differential impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for weight loss in the type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic populations.

Jia IT, Bloomfield GC, Chen MY, Cunningham MH, Wang A, Daly SC, Hinojosa MW, Smith BR, Nguyen NT, Azagury DE, Prindeze NJ

Surgical endoscopy8 Jun 2026

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study16

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

  1. 01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis of populations with and without diabetes, semaglutide was associated with significantly greater adjusted weight-reduction magnitude than liraglutide (beta +1.67; P<0.001).

    In plain wordsIn a review of people with and without diabetes, semaglutide was linked to greater adjusted weight reduction than liraglutide.

    Outcome
    IncreaseMagnitude of adjusted weight reduction versus liraglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Liraglutide
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Beta
    1.67
    semaglutide versus liraglutide; P<0.001

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
  2. 02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis of populations with and without diabetes, liraglutide was associated with less adjusted weight-reduction magnitude than semaglutide; beta +1.67 was reported for semaglutide versus liraglutide (P<0.001).

    In plain wordsIn a review of people with and without diabetes, liraglutide was linked to less adjusted weight reduction than semaglutide.

    Outcome
    DecreaseMagnitude of adjusted weight reduction versus semaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Semaglutide
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Beta
    1.67
    semaglutide versus liraglutide; P<0.001

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone14

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis of mixed populations with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 therapy was associated with greater weight loss than placebo.

    In plain wordsIn a review of mixed populations with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 treatment was linked to more weight loss than placebo.

    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GLP-1 therapy consistently produced greater weight loss than placebo across all populations.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 04HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis of mixed populations with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 therapy was associated with greater weight loss than placebo.

    In plain wordsIn a review of mixed populations with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 treatment was linked to more weight loss than placebo.

    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GLP-1 therapy consistently produced greater weight loss than placebo across all populations.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  3. 05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In the mixed cohort of a meta-analysis, pooled GLP-1 therapy was associated with 15.7% baseline-weight loss at 12 months in non-diabetic participants versus 5.1% in diabetic users.

    In plain wordsIn a review, pooled GLP-1 treatment was linked to more 12-month weight loss without diabetes than with diabetes.

    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss by diabetes status at 12 months
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Diabetic users
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Weight loss
    15.7%
    non-diabetic participants at 12 months
    Weight loss
    5.1%
    diabetic users at 12 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Non-diabetic participants achieved the greatest reductions, losing 15.7% of baseline weight at 12 months versus 5.1% in diabetic users in the mixed cohort.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  4. 06HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In the mixed cohort of a meta-analysis, pooled GLP-1 therapy was associated with 15.7% baseline-weight loss at 12 months in non-diabetic participants versus 5.1% in diabetic users.

    In plain wordsIn a review, pooled GLP-1 treatment was linked to more 12-month weight loss without diabetes than with diabetes.

    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss by diabetes status at 12 months
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Diabetic users
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Weight loss
    15.7%
    non-diabetic participants at 12 months
    Weight loss
    5.1%
    diabetic users at 12 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Non-diabetic participants achieved the greatest reductions, losing 15.7% of baseline weight at 12 months versus 5.1% in diabetic users in the mixed cohort.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  5. 07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis of populations with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 therapy was associated with the largest weight reductions among adherent patients.

    In plain wordsIn a review of people with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 treatment was linked to the largest weight reductions among adherent patients.

    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss in adherent patients
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    ITT results were similar but modestly attenuated, whereas adherent patients demonstrated the largest reductions.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  6. 08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis of populations with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 therapy was associated with the largest weight reductions among adherent patients.

    In plain wordsIn a review of people with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 treatment was linked to the largest weight reductions among adherent patients.

    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss in adherent patients
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    ITT results were similar but modestly attenuated, whereas adherent patients demonstrated the largest reductions.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  7. 09HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis, non-diabetic individuals receiving the same pooled GLP-1 agents had 2.5-4 times greater weight reductions than diabetic individuals.

    In plain wordsIn a review, pooled GLP-1 drugs were linked to greater weight reduction without diabetes than with diabetes.

    Outcome
    DecreaseDiabetes status as weight-loss effect modifier
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Diabetic individuals receiving the same agents
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Relative weight-reduction magnitude
    2.5 to 4 times
    non-diabetic versus diabetic individuals receiving the same GLP-1 agents

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Diabetes status was a strong effect modifier: non-diabetic individuals achieved 2.5-4 × greater reductions than diabetics receiving the same agents.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  8. 10HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis, non-diabetic individuals receiving the same pooled GLP-1 agents had 2.5-4 times greater weight reductions than diabetic individuals.

    In plain wordsIn a review, pooled GLP-1 drugs were linked to greater weight reduction without diabetes than with diabetes.

    Outcome
    DecreaseDiabetes status as weight-loss effect modifier
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Diabetic individuals receiving the same agents
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Relative weight-reduction magnitude
    2.5 to 4 times
    non-diabetic versus diabetic individuals receiving the same GLP-1 agents

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Diabetes status was a strong effect modifier: non-diabetic individuals achieved 2.5-4 × greater reductions than diabetics receiving the same agents.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  9. 11HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    In a meta-analysis of pooled GLP-1 therapy, diabetes status was an independent negative predictor of weight loss.

    In plain wordsIn a review, diabetes was linked to less weight loss with pooled GLP-1 therapy.

    Outcome
    DecreaseDiabetes status as predictor of weight loss
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Beta
    −1.77
    diabetes status; P<0.001

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Meta-regression confirmed diabetes status as an independent negative predictor of weight loss (β =  - 1.77, p < 0.001).
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  10. 12HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    In a meta-analysis of pooled GLP-1 therapy, diabetes status was an independent negative predictor of weight loss.

    In plain wordsIn a review, diabetes was linked to less weight loss with pooled GLP-1 therapy.

    Outcome
    DecreaseDiabetes status as predictor of weight loss
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Beta
    −1.77
    diabetes status; P<0.001

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Meta-regression confirmed diabetes status as an independent negative predictor of weight loss (β =  - 1.77, p < 0.001).
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  11. 13HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis of populations with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 therapy had similar but modestly attenuated weight-loss results in intention-to-treat populations.

    In plain wordsIn a review of people with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 treatment had slightly less weight loss in intention-to-treat analyses.

    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss in intention-to-treat populations
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    ITT results were similar but modestly attenuated, whereas adherent patients demonstrated the largest reductions.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  12. 14HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis of populations with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 therapy had similar but modestly attenuated weight-loss results in intention-to-treat populations.

    In plain wordsIn a review of people with and without diabetes, pooled GLP-1 treatment had slightly less weight loss in intention-to-treat analyses.

    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss in intention-to-treat populations
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    ITT results were similar but modestly attenuated, whereas adherent patients demonstrated the largest reductions.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.
    Summary · context
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  13. 15HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    In a meta-analysis of populations with and without diabetes receiving pooled GLP-1 therapy, baseline BMI was described as inversely associated with percent weight change, while beta +0.46 was printed (P<0.001).

    In plain wordsIn a review of people with and without diabetes, starting BMI was inversely linked to percentage weight change; the printed beta was positive.

    Outcome
    DecreaseBaseline BMI as predictor of percent weight change
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Beta
    0.46
    baseline BMI; p<0.001

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  14. 16HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther

    In a meta-analysis of populations with and without diabetes receiving pooled GLP-1 therapy, baseline BMI was described as inversely associated with percent weight change, while beta +0.46 was printed (P<0.001).

    In plain wordsIn a review of people with and without diabetes, starting BMI was inversely linked to percentage weight change; the printed beta was positive.

    Outcome
    DecreaseBaseline BMI as predictor of percent weight change
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Beta
    0.46
    baseline BMI; p<0.001

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions than liraglutide after adjustment (β =  + 1.67, p < 0.001), while baseline BMI was inversely associated with percent weight change (β =  + 0.46, p < 0.001).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study represents a subgroup analysis of a large-scale meta-analysis including clinical trials, observational and case-control studies published from 2010 to 2025 reporting long-term weight outcomes for GLP-1 agents.
    Summary · context
    Outcomes were evaluated across mixed, intention-to-treat (ITT), and treatment-adherent populations and stratified by diabetes status.
    Summary · context
    Mixed-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of weight loss.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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